Ngabe Ukulandelela Othintana Naye Kusebenza Kanjani, Impela?

-Delile

• Kuyini ukulandelela othintana naye, ngempela?
• Ubani ongase athintwe umkhondo wokuxhumana naye?
• Kwenzekani ngokulandelayo uma uthintwa umuntu othintana naye othintana naye?
• Ubunzima Bokulandela Ukulandela
• Yisiphi isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokulandelela othintana naye?
• Buyekeza kwe-

Njengoba kunamacala angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-1.3 aqinisekisiwe enoveli i-coronavirus (COVID-19) kulo lonke elase-U.S., amathuba aphakeme kakhulu okuthi leli gciwane lisabalale endaweni yangakini. Izifundazwe eziningi manje sezisungule izinhlelo zokulandela umkhondo womphakathi ukuze zizame ukulandelela abantu okungenzeka ukuthi bake bathintana nomuntu onaleli gciwane, ngethemba lokuqeda ukusabalala nokusiza umphakathi ukuthi uqonde ubungozi babo bokutheleleka.

Angikaze ngizwe ngokulandela umkhondo koxhumana naye ngaphambili? Akuwena wedwa, kepha yinsimu ekhula ngokushesha njengamanje. Ngenxa yokwanda kwesidingo sabalandeleli bokuxhumana, i-Johns Hopkins University isize yakhipha izifundo zamahhala zokulandela umkhondo wokuxhumana nabantu ku-inthanethi kunoma ngubani ofuna ukufunda ngalo mkhuba.

Nakhu okudingeka ukwazi ngokulandela umkhondo koxhumana naye, kanye nalokho ongakulindela uma uke wasondela kumuntu othintana naye othintana naye.

Kuyini ukulandelela othintana naye, ngempela?

Ukulandelela othintana naye kuwumkhuba wezempilo womphakathi we-epidemiological osebenza ukulandelela abantu abaye bathintana nomuntu ongenwe isifo esithathelwanayo (kulokhu, i-COVID-19), ngokusho kweCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Xhumana nabantu abasebenza ngokulandela umkhondo bazise abantu ukuthi sebeke bathola izifo ezithathelwanayo futhi babalandele njalo ukuze banikeze iziyalezo zalokho okufanele bakwenze ngokulandelayo. Lokho kulandelwa kungabandakanya izeluleko ezijwayelekile zokuvikela izifo, ukubhekwa kwezimpawu, noma izikhombisi-ndlela zokuzihlukanisa, phakathi kweminye imihlahlandlela, kuya ngesimo, ngokusho kweWorld Health Organisation (WHO). Ukuthungatha othintana naye akukusha nge-COVID-19 — bekusetshenziswa esikhathini esedlule kwezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo, njenge-Ebola.

Ngokomongo we-COVID-19, abantu abebekade bazi ukuxhumana nomuntu onecala eliqinisekisiwe bayakhuthazwa ukuthi bazihlukanisele izinsuku eziyi-14 ngemuva kokuchayeka kwabo kokugcina kumuntu onegciwane ukuzama ukumisa uchungechunge lokudluliswa kwe-coronavirus, ngokusho kwe I-CDC. (Kuhlobene: Nini, Impela, Kufanele Uzihlukanise Uma Ucabanga Ukuthi Unayo ICoronavirus?)

"Umqondo oyisisekelo ukuthi, lapho nje isiguli sihlonzwa ukuthi sine-COVID-19, kuxoxwa naye umkhondo ukuze aqonde bonke abantu esike sahlangana nabo ubuso nobuso phakathi nesikhathi okungenzeka ukuthi zitheleleke,” kuchaza uCarolyn Cannuscio, Sc.D., umqondisi wocwaningo weSikhungo Sezinhlelo Zezempilo Yomphakathi eNyuvesi yasePennsylvania. "Sizama ukuthola leyo ngxoxo ngokushesha futhi siyenze kahle ngangokunokwenzeka."

Ukulandelwa koxhumana nabo kwenziwa ezingeni lasekhaya nelombuso, ngakho-ke indlela ingahluka ngokuya ngokuthi yenziwe kuphi, kusho isazi sezifo ezithathelwanayo uHenry F. Raymond, uDkt PH, MPH, umqondisi ohlangene wezempilo yomphakathi e-The Center for COVID-19 Response and Pandemic Ukuzilungiselela eRutgers Global Health Institute. Isibonelo, ezinye iziphathimandla zingabheka wonke umuntu oke wasondelana nomuntu onaleli gciwane ezinsukwini eziyi-14 ngaphambi kokuxilongwa kwakhe, kanti abanye bangabheka kuphela othintana nabo esikhathini esifushane, uyachaza.

Ubani ongase athintwe umkhondo wokuxhumana naye?

Okubalulekile lapha "ukuba nokuxhumana okuseduze" nomuntu onaleli gciwane, kusho u-Elaine Symanski, Ph.D., uprofesa eSikhungweni Sezempilo Yezemvelo Esinembile e-Baylor College of Medicine.

Yize ukulandelela othintana naye kwenziwa kakhulu ezingeni lendawo nelesifunda, i-CDC ikhiphe isiqondiso sokuthi ngubani okufanele kuthintwe ekuqubukeni kwe-COVID-19. Ngaphansi kwalesi siqondiso, "ukuthintana okuseduze" ngesikhathi sobhadane lwe-COVID-19 kuchazwa njengomuntu owayengaphansi kwamamitha ayisithupha omuntu onegciwane okungenani imizuzu eyi-15, kusukela emahoreni angama-48 ngaphambi kokuba isiguli siqale ukuzwa izimpawu kuze kube yisikhathi lapho behlukaniswa khona .

Abangane abasondelene nabo, umndeni, kanye nabantu abasebenza nomuntu onegciwane yibo okungenzeka bathintwe kakhulu, kusho uCannuscio. Kepha uma kwenzeka uvele uyothenga izinto ngesikhathi esisodwa nomuntu onegciwane, noma ubadlulise ngesikhathi uhambahamba endaweni yangakini, akunakwenzeka ukuthi uzozwa ngomuntu oxhumana naye, uyanezela. Lokho kusho ukuthi, uma umuntu onegciwane esesikhala esincane njengebhasi lomphakathi isikhathi eside, umuntu ongathintana naye angazama ukuthola ukuthi ngubani owayekulelo bhasi futhi afinyelele kubo, kuphawula u-Abiodun Oluyomi, Ph.D. , umsizi kaprofesa wezokwelapha eBaylor College of Medicine. Yilapho izingcingo zokuxhumana zingangena emsebenzini wezinga labaseshi.

"Uma umuntu enalesi sifo, zimbili izindlela zokutshela lo tracer ukuthi ubekade esondelene nobani," kuchaza u-Oluyomi. Iziguli ezazi kahle ukuthi zihlangane nabantu abathile zingamane zinikeze amagama nemininingwane yokuxhumana kulowo olandelwayo — lokho kulula, kusho u-Oluyomi. Kodwa uma begibele ibhasi isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuthi baxilongelwe, futhi bewazi umzila webhasi, i-tracer ingakwazi ukuhlela izingodo zomlando kanye nedatha yamabhasi ukuze izame ukuthola abantu abathile ababegibele ibhasi besebenzisa iphasi elisebenziseka kabusha. njengeMetroCard. "Lapho-ke, uyazi ukuthi bangobani futhi ungabathinta," kuchaza u-Oluyomi. Noma kunjalo, awukwazi njalo ukulandela umkhondo wonke umuntu, uyaphawula.Esibonelweni sebhasi, labo abasebenzise ukheshi esikhundleni se-MetroCard cishe ngeke bathintwe, uthi—ngeke ukwazi ukwazi ukuthi bangobani. "[Ukulandela umkhondo] akusoze kwaba amaphutha ayi-100%," kusho u-Oluyomi. (Okuhlobene: Ingabe Lokho Ukulingiswa Kwabagijimi Abasabalalisa I-Coronavirus Empeleni Kuyilifa?)

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma isiguli esinegciwane sazi igama loxhumana naye kodwa singenaso isiqiniseko solunye ulwazi lwaso lomuntu siqu, umlandeli angazama ukubalandela ngemithombo yezokuxhumana noma eminye imininingwane abangayithola ku-inthanethi, engeza uCannuscio.

Okungaziwa kuyinselelo yabalandeleli bokuxhumana, kodwa benza konke okusemandleni abo. "Okwamanje, [othintana nabo] kufanele bagxile koxhumana nabo abaziyo," kusho uDkt. Raymond. "Kungenzeka ukuthi imicimbi emikhulu yokuvezwa kwabantu engaziwa izolandela okungenzeka ukuthi ayilandelwanga." Futhi unikezwe ukuthi uRobert Redfield, MD, umqondisi we-CDC, usanda kutshela I-NPR ukuthi amaphesenti angama-25 abo bonke abantu baseMelika abane-COVID-19 angahle abe yi-asymptomatic, tracing konke ukuthintana nomuntu oyedwa akunakwenzeka ngamaphesenti ayi-100.

Ekuqaleni, ama-tracers othintana naye azofinyelela kuphela kwabathintwayo umuntu onegciwane futhi ame lapho. Kepha oxhumana nabo bazoqala ukufinyelela ku oxhumana nabo uma oxhumana naye wokuqala kuvela ukuthi une-COVID-19 uqobo — edida, angithi? “Kufana nesihlahla, bese kuba amagatsha namaqabunga,” kuchaza u-Oluyomi.

Kwenzekani ngokulandelayo uma uthintwa umuntu othintana naye othintana naye?

Okokuqala, uzokhuluma nomuntu wangempela—lokhu ngokuvamile akuyona i-robocall. “Kubalulekile ukuthi abantu bathole ulwazi ngokushesha, kodwa imodeli yethu ukuthi ukuxhumana nabantu kubaluleke kakhulu,” kuchaza uCannuscio. "Abantu banemibuzo eminingi lapho bezwa kithi, futhi sifuna ukukwazi ukubasekela, sibanikeze isiqiniseko, futhi sibasize baqonde ukuthi bangakunqanda kanjani ukusabalala kwegciwane kubantu ababakhathalelayo. Bakhathazekile, futhi bafuna ukwazi ukuthi yini okufanele bayenze. "

Okokugcina: Mancane amathuba okuthi umkhondo uzokutshela ukuthi ubani umuntu onaleli gciwane oxhumene naye—imvamisa ayaziwa ngenxa yezizathu zobumfihlo zokuvikela umuntu onaleli gciwane, kusho uDkt. Raymond. "[Kugxilwe] ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi oxhumana nabo bathola izinsizakalo zezempilo abangazidinga," kuchaza yena.

Inqubo ihluke kancane yonke indawo, kodwa uma uthintwa futhi watshelwa ukuthi usanda kuxhumana nomuntu otheleleke nge-COVID-19, uzobuzwa uchungechunge lwemibuzo mayelana nokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ugcine nini ukuxhumana nomuntu onaleli gciwane. ) , kuchaza uDkt Raymond.

Uzocelwa futhi ukuthi uzivalele yedwa izinsuku eziyi-14 kusukela ngosuku ogcine ngalo ukuthintana nomuntu onaleli gciwane, abalandeleli abaziyo ukuthi kuyisicelo esinzima. “Kuningi ushintsho lokuziphatha esicela abantu bakwenze,” kusho uCannuscio. "Siyabacela ukuthi bangangeni emkhakheni womphakathi futhi banciphise ukuxhumana nabantu babo." Uzocelwa futhi ukuthi ubheke izimpawu zakho ngalesi sikhathi futhi uzonikezwa imiyalo yokuthi wenzeni uma kwenzeka uba nezimpawu. (Okuhlobene: Okufanele Ukwenze Kahle Uma Uhlala Nomuntu OneCoronavirus)

Ubunzima Bokulandela Ukulandela

Ngenkathi uhlelo lukahulumeni wobumbano lokuvula kabusha iMelika lubandakanya izincomo zokuhlolwa okuqinile kwe-coronavirus kanye nokulandela umkhondo wokuxhumana (phakathi kwezinye izindlela), akuzona zonke izifundazwe ezivula kabusha ezilandela leyo mihlahlandlela. Ezimweni ukuthi unayo benze ukulandelela othintana nabo ingxenye yenqubo yabo yokuvula kabusha, kusebenza kangakanani ngempela ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwe-COVID-19?

I-CDC ithi ukulandela umkhondo wokuxhumana "kuyisinyathelo esiyinhloko sokulawula izifo" kanye "nesu elibalulekile lokuvimbela ukusabalala kwe-COVID-19." Ochwepheshe bayavuma: "Asinawo umuthi wokugoma. Asinakho ukuhlolwa okuvamile kwegciwane noma amasosha omzimba. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, kunzima ukuhlukanisa abangenwe yilesi sifo ngaphandle kokulandela umkhondo wokuxhumana naye," kuchaza uDkt. Raymond.

Kepha uCannuscio uthi ukulandelwa koxhumana nabo kuzosebenza kangcono uma abasebenzi sebekhona. “Ezimweni eziningi, inani lamacala liphezulu kangangokuthi kuba nzima ngempela ukuqhubeka,” uyaphawula.

Futhi, ukulandelela othintana naye akuthuthukisiwe kangako ngobuchwepheshe njengoba kungase kube njalo. Njengamanje e-U.S., Ukuthungatha othintana nabo kwenziwa kakhulu ngabantu — abasebenza ngokulandela umkhondo benza izingxoxo, bafinyelela ngocingo, futhi baya nasemakhaya kwezinye izimo ukulandela, kuchaza uDkt Raymond. Lokho kuhilela kakhulu zabasebenzi—iningi labo elingatholakali okwamanje, kusho uDkt. Symanski. "Kuthatha isikhathi kakhulu futhi kudinga abasebenzi abaningi," kuchaza yena. "Sisesigabeni sokuqasha abantu abakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi," kunezela u-Oluyomi. (Okuhlobene: I-Fitness Tracker Yakho Ingakusiza Ukubamba Izimpawu Ze-Under-the-Radar Coronavirus)

Kodwa ukulandelela othintana naye kwenziwe ngokuzenzakalelayo (okungenani ingxenye) kwenye indawo. E-South Korea, onjiniyela abazimele badale izinhlelo zokusebenza ukusiza ukusekela umkhondo wokuxhumana nohulumeni. Uhlelo lokusebenza olulodwa, olubizwa ngeCorona 100m, luqoqa idatha kusuka emithonjeni yezempilo yomphakathi ukwazisa abantu ukuthi ngabe kutholakale yini icala eliqinisekisiwe le-COVID-19 ngaphakathi kwebanga lamamitha ayi-100, kanye nosuku lokutholakala kwesiguli, ngokusho I-MarketWatch. Olunye uhlelo lokusebenza, olubizwa ngeCorona Map, lwakha iziza lapho abantu abanegciwane bakhona ebalazweni ukuze idatha iqondakale kalula ngokubonakalayo.

"[Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza] zibonakala zisebenze kahle kakhulu," kusho uCannuscio, eqaphela ukuthi iNingizimu Korea igcine inani labo lokufa liphansi uma liqhathaniswa namanye amazwe lapho i-coronavirus isakazeka khona. "Banohlelo olunolaka kakhulu oluhlanganisa ukulandelelwa kokuxhumana kwedijithali kanye nabantu. INingizimu Korea iphakanyiswe njengenye yezindinganiso zendlela yokwenza lokhu, "uyachaza. "E-U.S., Sidlala ngokubamba iqhaza ngoba iminyango yezempilo ayinazo izinsiza zokwenza lokhu ngezinga."

Lokho kungagcina kushintshile. E-U.S., IGoogle kanye ne-Apple bahlanganyele emzameni wokusebenzisa uhlelo lokuthungatha othintana nabo. Umgomo, izinkampani zithi, "ukunika amandla ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe beBluetooth ukusiza ohulumeni nezinhlangano zezempilo ukunciphisa ukwanda kwegciwane, imfihlo yomsebenzisi nokuphepha kumaphakathi nomklamo."

Yisiphi isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokulandelela othintana naye?

Ezweni eliphelele, isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuqala ukulandelela othintana naye kungaba kusukela ekuqaleni kokuhlonzwa kwesifo, kusho uDkt. Raymond. "Kodwa-ke, lokho kusebenza kuphela uma wazi ukuthi isiqalo siqala nini futhi ubulokhu usifuna ngamandla [isifo]," uyaphawula.

UCannuscio ubheka ukulandelela othintana naye kubaluleke kakhulu njengoba izifundazwe, amabhizinisi, nezikole zivulwa kabusha. "Inhloso izokwazi ukwazisa ngokushesha amacala amasha, ukuhlukanisa labo bantu, ukwazi ukuthi obani abathintwayo, futhi usize labo abathintwayo ukuthi bahlale bodwa ukuze bangabi nalo ithuba lokuthelela abanye," kusho yena. "Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni ukuqubuka okusha ukuze singabi nokwanda okusheshayo ezimeni njengoba sibonile eNew York City." (Okuhlobene: Ngabe Kuzophepha Ukujima Ejimini Ngemuva KweCoronavirus?)

Noma kunjalo, ukulandelwa koxhumana naye akuyona isayensi ephelele. Ngisho nezazi ze-epidemiologists ziyavuma ukuthi inqubo ivame ukuba nzima kakhulu kulezi zinsuku. "Akukholakali," kusho uCannuscio. "Imihlangano engikuyo, wonke umuntu uyakuvuma ukuthi siyavuka futhi sibhekene nezinselelo ebesingalindele ukuthi sizobhekana nazo manje."

Imininingwane ekule ndaba inembile njengesikhathi sokushicilela. Njengoba izibuyekezo ezimayelana ne-coronavirus COVID-19 ziqhubeka nokuvela, kungenzeka ukuthi eminye imininingwane nezincomo kule ndaba zishintshile selokhu kwashicilelwa okokuqala. Sikukhuthaza ukuthi uhlole njalo izinsiza ezifana ne-CDC, i-WHO, kanye nomnyango wezempilo womphakathi wendawo ukuze uthole imininingwane yakamuva nezincomo.

Buyekeza kwe-