Uphumelela Kangakanani Umuthi Wokugoma i-COVID-19?

-Delile

• Usebenza kanjani umuthi wokugoma i-COVID-19?
• Usebenza kangakanani umgomo we-COVID-19?
• Kusho ukuthini lokhu kuwe?
• Buyekeza kwe-

Ukuphathwa Kwezokudla Nezidakamizwa (i-FDA) sekuvele kugunyaze imishanguzo emibili ye-COVID-19 e-U.S. Ukuthi isetshenziswe umphakathi jikelele. Abazogomela i-Pfizer kanye neModerna babonise imiphumela ethembisayo ezivivinyweni ezinkulu zemitholampilo, futhi izinhlelo zezempilo ezweni lonke manje sezisabalalisa le mithi yokugoma kubantu abaningi.

Zonke izindaba ezithokozisayo - ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokudonsa cishe unyaka we- # pandemiclife - kepha kungokwemvelo ukuba nemibuzo mayelana nokusebenza komuthi wokugoma we-COVID-19 nokuthi kusho ukuthini lokhu kuwe.

Usebenza kanjani umuthi wokugoma i-COVID-19?

Kunemigomo emibili emikhulu yokuthola ukunakwa e-U.S njengamanje: Omunye wenziwa yiPfizer, kanti omunye wenziwa uModerna. Zombili lezi zinkampani zisebenzisa uhlobo olusha lomuthi wokugoma obizwa nge-messenger RNA (mRNA).

Le mithi yokugomela i-mRNA isebenza ngokufaka ikhodi ingxenye yeprotein ye-spike etholakala ebusweni be-SARS-CoV-2, igciwane elibangela i-COVID-19, ngokusho kweCenters for Disease Control and Prevention. Esikhundleni sokufaka igciwane elingasebenzi emzimbeni wakho (njengoba kwenziwa ngomuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane), imigomo ye-mRNA isebenzisa izingcezu zalelo protein elifakwe ku-SARs-CoV-2 ukukhuthaza impendulo yomzimba emzimbeni wakho futhi ithuthukise amasosha omzimba, kuchaza uchwepheshe wezifo ezithathelwanayo u-Amesh A U-Adalja, MD, isazi esiphakeme e-Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security.

Umzimba wakho ekugcineni ususa amaprotheni kanye ne-mRNA, kepha amasosha omzimba anamandla okuhlala. I-CDC ibika ukuthi kudingeka imininingwane eminingi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amasosha omzimba akhiwe kusuka kumuthi wokugoma azohlala isikhathi esingakanani. (Okuhlobene: Usho Ukuthini Ngempela Umphumela Wokuhlolwa Kwe-Coronavirus Antibody?)

Omunye umuthi wokugoma owehla ngepayipi uvela ku-Johnson & Johnson. Le nkampani isanda kumemezela isicelo sayo kwi-FDA sokugunyazwa kokusetshenziswa okuphuthumayo komuthi wayo wokugoma i-COVID, osebenza ngokuhlukile okuncane kunemithi yokugoma eyenziwe nguPfizer noModerna. Okokuqala, akuwona umuthi wokugoma we-mRNA. Esikhundleni salokho, umuthi wokugoma iJohnson & Johnson COVID-19 umuthi wokugoma i-adenovector, okusho ukuthi usebenzisa igciwane elingasebenzi (i-adenovirus, elibangela umkhuhlane ovamile) njengothwali ukuletha amaprotheni (kulokhu, iphrotheni ye-spike ebusweni be-SARS -CoV-2) umzimba wakho ongabona njengosongo futhi udale amasosha omzimba alwa nawo. (Okuningi lapha: Konke Odinga Ukukwazi Ngokugoma KukaJohnson & Johnson's COVID-19)

Usebenza kangakanani umgomo we-COVID-19?

I-Pfizer yabelane ekuqaleni kukaNovemba ukuthi umuthi wayo wokugoma "usebenza ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-90" ekuvikeleni umzimba ekungenweni yi-COVID-19. UModerna uphinde waveza ukuthi umuthi wawo wokugoma usebenza ngamaphesenti angama-94.5 ukuvikela abantu ku-COVID-19.

Ngokomongo, awukaze ube nomuthi wokugoma we-mRNA ogunyazwe i-FDA ngaphambilini. "Ayikho imithi yokugoma ye-mRNA enelayisense kuze kube manje njengoba lobu ubuchwepheshe obusha bokugoma," kusho uJill Weatherhead, M.D., uprofesa osizayo wezokwelapha zasezindaweni ezishisayo nezifo ezithathelwanayo e-Baylor College of Medicine. Ngenxa yalokho, ayikho idatha etholakalayo, ekusebenzeni kahle noma ngenye indlela, wengeza uDkt. Weatherhead.

Sekushiwo lokho, le mithi yokugoma kanye nobuchwepheshe obukhona “buhlolwe ngokuqinile,” uSarah Kreps, Ph.D., uprofesa emnyangweni kahulumeni kanye noprofesa wezomthetho e-Cornell University, osanda kushicilela iphepha lesayensi mayelana izici ezingaba nomthelela ekuzimiseleni kwabantu abadala baseMelika ukuthola umuthi wokugomela i-COVID-19, uyatshela Umumo.

Eqinisweni, i-CDC ibika ukuthi abacwaningi sebefunde imithi yokugoma ye-mRNA "amashumi eminyaka" ezivivinyweni zomtholampilo ze-influenza, Zika, rabies, ne-cytomegalovirus (uhlobo lwe-herpesvirus). Leyo mithi yokugoma ayizange idlule ezigabeni zokuqala ngenxa yezizathu eziningi, okuhlanganisa "imiphumela yokuvuvukala okungahlosiwe" kanye "nezimpendulo ezilinganiselwe zokuzivikela komzimba," ngokusho kwe-CDC. Kodwa-ke, intuthuko yakamuva yezobuchwepheshe "inciphise lezi zinselele futhi yathuthukisa ukuzinza, ukuphepha, nokusebenza kahle kwazo," ngaleyo ndlela yavula indlela yemigomo ye-COVID-19, ngokusho kwale nhlangano. (Okuhlobene: Ingabe I-Flu Shot Ingakuvikela Ku-Coronavirus?)

Ngokuqondene nomuthi wokugomela i-adenovector kaJohnson & Johnson, inkampani ithe esitatimendeni sabezindaba ukuthi isivivinyo sayo esikhulu somtholampilo sabantu abacishe babe ngu-44,000 sithole ukuthi, sekukonke, umuthi wokugomela i-COVID-19 ubusebenza ngamaphesenti angama-85 ekuvimbeleni i-COVID-19 enzima, “ngokuphelele. ukuvikeleka ekulalisweni esibhedlela nokufa okuhlobene ne-COVID "ezinsukwini ezingama-28 ngemuva kokugoma.

Ngokungafani nemithi yokugoma ye-mRNA, imigomo ye-adenovector efana nekaJohnson & Johnson akuyona umqondo wenoveli. Umuthi wokugomela i-COVID-19 we-Oxford kanye ne-AstraZeneca - owagunyazwa ukusetshenziswa e-EU nase-UK ngoJanuwari (i-FDA okwamanje ilinde imininingwane evela ocwaningweni lomtholampilo lwe-AstraZeneca ngaphambi kokucubungula ukugunyazwa kwe-US,New York Times imibiko) - isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufanayo be-adenovirus. UJohnson & Johnson ubuye wasebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe ukudala umuthi wokugoma i-Ebola, okhonjiswe ukuthi uphephile futhi usebenza kahle ekukhiqizeni impendulo yomzimba emzimbeni.

Kusho ukuthini lokhu kuwe?

Ukuthi umuthi wokugoma ungamaphesenti angama-90 (noma ngaphezulu) kuzwakala kukuhle. Kodwa ingabe lokhu kusho imithi yokugoma ukuvimbela COVID-19 noma vikela wena ekuguleni okunzima uma uthelelekile - noma kokubili? Kuyadida kancane.

"Ukuhlolwa [kukaModerna noPfizer] kwaklanyelwe ukukhombisa ukusebenza ngempumelelo ekulweni nesifo esinezimpawu, noma ngabe yiziphi lezo zimpawu," kusho uThomas Russo, MD, uprofesa kanye nomphathi wezifo ezithathelwanayo eNyuvesi eBuffalo eNew York. Ngokuyinhloko, amaphesenti aphezulu okusebenza asebenza kahle akhombisa ukuthi ungalindela ukuthi ungabi nazo izimpawu ze-COVID-19 ngemuva kokugonywa ngokuphelele (imishanguzo yomibili kaPfizer kanye neModerna idinga imithamo emibili - amasonto amathathu phakathi kwamashothi wePfizer, amasonto amane phakathi kwesibhamu seModerna) , kuchaza uDkt Russo. Futhi, uma wena yenza usenokutheleleka nge-COVID-19 ngemva kokugonywa, cishe ngeke ube negciwane elinzima, uyanezela. (Okuhlobene: Ingabe iCoronavirus Ingabangela Uhudo?)

Ngenkathi imijovo yokugoma ibonakala "isebenza kahle kakhulu" ekuvikeleni umzimba ku-COVID-19, "manje sizama ukuthola ukuthi ngabe ivimbela nokusakazeka okungenazimpawu," kusho uDkt. Adalja. Okusho ukuthi, idatha okwamanje ikhombisa ukuthi imigomo inganciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuba ube nezimpawu ze-COVID-19 (noma, okungenani, izimpawu ezinzima) uma uhlangana naleli gciwane. Kepha ucwaningo alukhombisi njengamanje ukuthi usengayithola yini i-COVID-19, ungaboni ukuthi unaleli gciwane, bese uludlulisela kwabanye ngemuva kokugoma.

Unalokho engqondweni, "akucaci okwamanje" ukuthi umuthi wokugoma uzomisa abantu ekusakazeni igciwane, kusho uLewis Nelson, MD, uprofesa kanye nosihlalo wezokwelapha eziphuthumayo eRutgers New Jersey Medical School kanye nomphathi wezemisebenzi emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo e Isibhedlela saseYunivesithi.

Okubalulekile: "Ingabe lo mgomo ungaholela ekuqedweni kwegciwane ngokuphelele, noma usivikele ekuguleni okuyizimpawu? Asazi, "kusho uDkt. Russo.

Futhi, imithi yokugoma ayikaze ifundwe ngenani elikhulu lezingane, noma kwabesifazane abakhulelwe noma abancelisayo, okwenza kube nzima kodokotela ukuncoma umuthi wokugoma we-COVID-19 kulabo bantu okwamanje. Kodwa lokho kuyashintsha, njengoba “uPfizer noModerna babhalisa izingane ezineminyaka engu-12 nangaphezulu,” kusho uDkt. Weatherhead. Yize "imininingwane yokusebenza ezinganeni isaziwa," "asikho isizathu sokucabanga ukuthi [umphumela] uzohluka kakhulu kunalokho okukhonjiswa yizifundo [zamanje]," kunezela uDkt Nelson.

Kukonke, ochwepheshe banxusa abantu ukuthi babekezele futhi bagonywe lapho bekwazi. "Le mithi yokugoma izoba yingxenye yesixazululo salolu bhubhane," kusho uDkt. Adalja. "Kodwa kuzothatha isikhathi ukuthi bakhiphe futhi babone yonke imihlomulo abayinikezayo."

Imininingwane ekule ndaba inembile njengesikhathi sokushicilela. Njengoba izibuyekezo ezimayelana ne-coronavirus COVID-19 ziqhubeka nokuvela, kungenzeka ukuthi eminye imininingwane nezincomo kule ndaba zishintshile selokhu kwashicilelwa okokuqala. Sikukhuthaza ukuthi uhlole njalo izinsiza ezifana ne-CDC, i-WHO, kanye nomnyango wezempilo womphakathi wendawo ukuze uthole imininingwane yakamuva nezincomo.

Buyekeza kwe-