Umhlahlandlela Wakho Wendlela Yokwenza Umgqomo Womquba

-Delile

• Izinzuzo Zokusebenzisa Umquba Ezitshalweni
• Uyini Umquba Ngempela?
• Ungayenza kanjani i-Compost Bin
• Indlela Yokusebenzisa Umquba
• Ungayisebenzisa Kanjani Umquba Uma Ungagadi
• Buyekeza kwe-

Uma kukhulunywa ngokudla, wonke umuntu uzama ukusebenzisa kakhulu lokho anakho njengamanje, ukugwema ukuya kaningi esitolo (noma ukubhalisela izinsizakalo zokulethwa kokudla), ukwenza ubuciko ngezinsika ze-pantry, nokuzama ukunciphisa imfucuza yokudla. Ngisho nangemva kokuba usuthathe izinsalela zokudla kwakho ngendlela ezingakwazi ngayo ukuya ngendlela edliwayo (okungukuthi, ukwenza "ama-cocktails kadoti" ngamakhasi e-citrus noma izikhumba zemifino ezisele), ungaqhubeka nesinyathelo esisodwa, ukusebenzise kumquba esikhundleni salokho. kunokubaphosa kudoti.

Ngakho yini umquba, ngempela? Ngokuyinhlanganisela yento ebolile esetshenziselwe ukuvundisa nokulungisa umhlaba — noma ezingeni elincane, ingadi yakho noma izitshalo ezinamanzi, ngokusho kwe-Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Kulula kunokuba kuzwakale ukwenza umgqomo womquba, noma ngabe unqunyelwe esikhaleni. Futhi cha, ngeke kugcine sekunuka ikhaya lakho. Nakhu ukuthi umquba ungazuzisa kanjani, ungawenza kanjani umgqomo womquba, nokuthi ungawusebenzisa kanjani umquba wakho ekugcineni.

Izinzuzo Zokusebenzisa Umquba Ezitshalweni

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usuvele ungumlimi ovuthiwe onesithupha esiluhlaza noma umane uzama ukugcina ifern house yakho yokuqala iphila, umquba uzuzisa konke izitshalo ngoba zakha umsoco enhlabathini. “Njengoba sidla iyogathi noma i-kimchi, esiza ukujova amathumbu ethu ngamabhaktheriya azuzisayo, ukwengeza umquba emhlabathini wakho kuwujova ngezigidigidi zama-microorganisms asiza izitshalo zakho ukuthi zihlale ziphilile,” kuchaza u-Tucker Taylor, uchwepheshe wensimu yokupheka e-Kendall-Jackson Wine. Izindawo nezingadi eSonoma, eCalifornia. UTaylor uthi ujwayele ukwenza futhi asebenzise umquba ngaphesheya kwezingadi aziphethe.

Uyini Umquba Ngempela?

Kunezinto ezintathu eziyinhloko zomquba: amanzi, i-nitrogen, ne-carbon, lezi zokugcina ezibizwa ngokuthi "imifino" kanye ne "browns," ngokulandelana, kusho uJeremy Walters, inxusa lokusimama leRepublic Services, ongomunye wabaqoqi abakhulu bokusebenzisa kabusha izinto I-the united states. Uthola i-nitrogen emifino efana nezinsalela zezithelo nemifino, izinqamuleli zotshani, nezindawo zekhofi, kanye nekhabhoni ephuma ensundu njengephepha, amakhadibhodi namaqabunga afile noma amagatsha. Umquba wakho kufanele ube nemifino elinganayo — enikeza izakhamzimba nomswakama othile ukuze yonke impahla idilize — ibe nsundu — emunca umswakama owedlulele, isize ekugcineni ukwakheka komquba, futhi inikeze amandla kuma-microorganisms awudiliza wonke, ngokusho kweCornell Waste Management Institute.

Nazi izinto ezinhle kakhulu ongangeza emgqonyeni wakho womquba, ngokusho kukaWalters:

• Ukuhlungwa kwemifino (okuluhlaza)
• Izithelo ikhasi (green)
• Okusanhlamvu (okuluhlaza okotshani)
• Amagobolondo amaqanda (ahlanjululwe) (aluhlaza)
• Amathawula wephepha (ansundu)
• Ikhadibhodi (nsundu)
• Iphephandaba (nsundu)
• Indwangu (ukotini, uvolo, noma usilika izingcezu ezincane) (brown)
• Izindawo zekhofi noma izihlungi (imifino)
• Izikhwama zetiye ezisetshenzisiwe (imifino)

Kodwa-ke, kunezinto ezimbalwa okufanele ugweme ukuzifaka emqubeni wakho uma ungafuni umgqomo ongcolile, cabanga ngo-anyanisi, ugalikhi, kanye namakhasi we-citrus. Ukuvumelana okujwayelekile, ngokusho kochwepheshe, ukuthi kufanele futhi ugcine izigaxa zobisi noma zenyama ukugwema isimo esinukayo lapho usebenzisa umgqomo womquba wasendlini. Uma ulandela lezi ziqondiso futhi usathola ukuthi umquba wakho unephunga, kuyinkomba yokuthi udinga izinto ezinsundu kakhulu ukuze ulinganisele izinto eziluhlaza ezinothe ngenitrogen, ngakho-ke zama ukwengeza iphephandaba noma amaqabunga omile, kusikisela uWalters.

Ungayenza kanjani i-Compost Bin

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ngomgqomo womquba, cabanga indawo okuyo. Uzofuna ukusebenzisa indlela ehlukile yokwenza umquba uma uyenza endlini noma ngaphandle.

Uma empeleni ukwazi ukwenza umquba ngaphandle, i-tumbler — ebukeka njengesilinda esikhulu esitendini, ongakwazi ukusishaya uqhathanise naleyo tumbler enhle egcina i-hydrated yakho —yindlela enhle uma unesikhala esiningi sokusebenza, kusho uWalters. Ngoba zivaliwe, ngeke zinuke noma zihehe izinambuzane. Futhi, azidingi ukusetshenziswa kwezikelemu (bona ngaphezulu ngezansi mayelana nokwenza umquba wasendlini) ngoba ukushisa kokuvalwa nokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile kusiza umquba wehle wodwa. Ungathola izinhlobonhlobo zezingulube ezingaphandle ezidayiswa online, njengale Tumbling Composter enezindawo ezimbili eHome Depot (Ithenge, $ 91, homedepot.com).

Uma ufaka umquba ngaphakathi, ungathenga umgqomo womquba njengale Bin Bambo Compost Bin (Ithenge, $ 40, food52.com). Noma uma uzizwa ufisa ukuvelela futhi ufuna ukwakha owakho umgqomo wangaphandle womquba kusukela ekuqaleni, i-EPA inikeza imihlahlandlela yezinyathelo ngezinyathelo kuwebhusayithi yayo. Uzofuna ukusetha umgqomo wakho womquba lapho uphethe khona isikhala: ekhishini, ngaphansi kwetafula, ekhabetheni, uhlu luyaqhubeka. (Cha, ayidingi ukungena ekhishini futhi akufanele inuke.)

1. Beka isisekelo.

Lapho usuthole ikhaya lomgqomo wakho womquba ngaphakathi, ungaqala ukubeka izingxenye ngokufaka ulayini phansi komgqomo ngephephandaba nangamasentimitha ambalwa wenhlabathi. Okulandelayo ngokulandelayo, kuya ngohlobo lomquba.

2. Qala ukubeka umquba wakho (unezikelemu noma ungenayo).

Awuyena umlandeli wezinto ezikhasayo? (Uzoqonda kungekudala.) Bese kuthi, ngemuva kokufaka ulayini phansi komgqomo womquba nephephandaba nenhlabathi ethile, engeza ungqimba lwezinsundu. Okulandelayo, dala "umthombo noma ukucindezeleka" kungqimba olunsundu lwemifino, ngokusho kwe-Cornell Waste Management Institute. Mboza ngomunye ungqimba lwabansundu ukuze kungabikho ukudla okuboniswayo. Qhubeka wengeze izingqimba zemifino nobomvu ngokuya ngosayizi womgqomo wakho bese uthambisa kancane ngamanzi. Yeqa isinyathelo sesi-3.

Kodwa-ke, uma ukwazi ukudlula i-ick-factor, u-Walters uncoma ukufakwa kwe-vermicomposting endaweni encane yokwenza umquba wasendlini, okubandakanya ukufaka izikelemu emifino yakho eluhlaza kanye nokunsundu ukuze uguqule kahle izinsalela zokudla zibe imisoco esebenzisekayo namaminerali ezitshalweni ezisemhlabathini. Nakuba kungadingeki ukuthi ufake izikelemu ohlelweni lwakho lokuhlanganisa, inqubo yokubola ingase ithathe isikhathi eside futhi ikhiphe iphunga eliningi (ngoba izidalwa ezinyakazayo zidla amagciwane anephunga), ngokusho kuka-Igor Lochert, umongameli weThe Worm Farm Portland eNewberg. , Oregon, ekhiqiza imikhiqizo yokwenza umquba.

"Uma ucabanga 'Izimpethu ... ngaphakathi?' qiniseka ukuthi izibungu zihamba kancane futhi azinandaba kangako nokuhlala kusofa wakho, "uyanezela. Bazofuna ukuhlala kuzinsalela zokudla okuneme ozihlinzeka emgqonyeni womquba futhi mancane kakhulu amathuba okuthi abaleke esitsheni. Noma kunjalo, kungcono ukugcina isembozo esitsheni ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bahlala behleli nokuthula kwengqondo (ngoba, ew, izibungu).

I-Vermicomposting iyasebenza ekuguquleni izinsalela zokudla zibe izakhi ezisebenzisekayo zezitshalo ngenxa yezizathu ezimbalwa, kusho u-Lochert. Okokuqala, izikelemu ziphendulela inhlabathi ngokuhamba kuyo, zishiye ngemuva (umquba) kanye nemifece (amaqanda). Kuzwakala kubi, kodwa lezo zinsalela ezisele zigcwele izakhamzimba, ezingasiza ukubhidlika komquba. Okwesibili, izikelemu zisiza ukuvunguza umoya wenhlabathi ngokuhamba nje kuwo — kubalulekile ekubeni nenhlabathi enempilo emgqonyeni womquba futhi ekugcineni uma ufakwa ezitshalweni zakho. (Bheka futhi: Izinyathelo Ezincane Zokusiza Imvelo Ngokungenamzamo)

Indlela elula yokwenza i-vermicomposting ukuthenga i-bin kit online noma esitolo sakho sehardware noma enkulisa, njenge-5-Tray Worm Composting Kit (Buy It, $ 90, wayfair.com). Kuzodingeka futhi uthenge abaqashi bayo — izibungu — ukuze uqalise. Uhlobo olungcono kakhulu lwesikelemu ongalungeza kumquba izinhlobonhlobo ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-red wrigglers ngoba zidla udoti ngokushesha, kodwa izikelemu ezivamile zenza umsebenzi, futhi, ngokwe-EPA. Mangaki abafana abancane? Ngenkathi kungekho mthetho onzima futhi osheshayo, abaqalayo abanemigqomo emincane yomquba wasendlini kufanele baqale cishe inkomishi eyodwa yezikelemu ngegaloni ngalinye lomquba, kusho uLochert.

3. Faka imvuthuluka yokudla kwakho.

Nakuba kungase kulinge ukuphonsa ama-veggie shavings emgqonyeni womquba ngemva kokwenza isaladi lesidlo sakusihlwa, ungakwenzi. Esikhundleni salokho, gcina lezo zinsalela kanye nanoma yikuphi okunye ukudla okusala esitsheni esivalekile esiqandisini, ukungeze kuphela emgqonyeni womquba kanye ngesonto.

Uma unesitsha esigcwele sezinsalela zokudla futhi usukulungele ukukufaka emgqonyeni, qala ngokufaka iphepha elincane elinamanzi (empeleni noma yiluphi uhlobo lwephepha luyasebenza, kepha i-EPA incoma ukugwema izinhlobo ezisindayo, ezicwebezelayo, noma ezinemibala, njengoba zingeke zihlehle kalula), bese wengeza izinsalela phezu kwephepha. Mboza zonke izingcezwana zokudla ngephepha eliningi nenhlabathi eningi noma inhlabathi yokubumba, njengoba ukudla okuveziwe kungaheha izimpukane zezithelo. Vele, ukuvikela isivalo somgqomo nakho kubalulekile ekulweni nanoma yiziphi izimpukane ezingaba khona. Uma uhlola umquba wakho ngesonto elilandelayo futhi uthole ukuthi izikelemu azizange zidle uhlobo oluthile lwezicucu (okungukuthi, uqweqwe lwamazambane), wususe noma uzame ukuwusika ube yizicucu ezincane ngaphambi kokuwubuyisela emgqonyeni womquba wasendlini. Ingxenye yemifino yomquba kufanele inikeze umswakama okwanele, ngakho-ke akudingeki ukuthi ungeze amanye amanzi enhlanganisweni. (Okuhlobene: Ingabe Kufanele Ujoyine Isabelo Sakho Sasekhaya se-CSA Farm?)

Indlela Yokusebenzisa Umquba

Uma ngabe wondla umquba ngendlela efanele isonto nesonto (okusho ukuthi: ukufaka njalo imvuthuluka yokudla emgqonyeni), kufanele ukulungele ukondla izitshalo zakho cishe ezinsukwini ezingama-90, kusho u-Amy Padolk, umqondisi wezemfundo weFairchild Tropical Botanic Garden eCoral. IGables, eFlorida. "Umquba usulungele ukusetshenziswa uma ubukeka, uzwakala, futhi unuka njengomhlaba omnyama ocebile, unenhlabathi evundile phezulu, futhi impahla yokuqala [ayisabonakali]," uyanezela. Ngemuva kokufeza zonke lezi zinto, kufanele ungeze umquba ongamaphesenti angama-30 kuye kwangama-50 enhlanganisweni yakho yomhlabathi yezitshalo ezitsheni noma emibhedeni ephakanyisiwe. Ezitshalweni zangaphandle, ungafosela noma ufafaze cishe ungqimba olungamakhilogremu angu-1/2-intshi oluzungeze iziqu nemibhede yokutshala, kuchaza uPadolk.

Ungayisebenzisa Kanjani Umquba Uma Ungagadi

Cishe amaphesenti angama-94 okudla okulahlwayo agcina esezindaweni zokulahla imfucumfucu noma ezindaweni ezivuthayo, okunomthelela ekwandeni kwegesi ye-methane (isisi esilimaza i-ozone) ngokusho kwe-EPA. Ngakho-ke, ngokuthatha lezi zinyathelo ezilula, ezinobungani bemvelo, ungasiza ekunciphiseni ukukhishwa kwe-methane kusuka ekugcwalisweni komhlaba nasekunciphiseni i-carbon footprint yakho. Ngakho-ke uma ufuna ukusiza, kepha ungenasidingo sawo wonke lo manyolo owenzayo, izindawo eziningi zinokubhaliselwe ukwenza umquba lapho, ngemali encane, izinkampani ezinjengeThe Urban Canopy noma i-Healthy Soil Compost zingaletha ibhakede bangagcwalisa ngezinsalela zokudla, bese beqoqa ibhakede uma seligcwele, kusho u-Ashlee Piper, uchwepheshe wokusimama nombhali Nikeza i-Sh*t: Yenza Okuhle. Phila Kangcono. Londoloza Iplanethi. Bheka izinkampani ezenza umquba endaweni yangakini ukuze ubone ukuthi iziphi izinsiza ezikhona eduze kwakho.

Ungabanda futhi izigaxa zakho zokudla bese unikela ngazo emakethe yomlimi wangakini lapho usufinyelele isisindo esibucayi. "Izimakethe eziningi nabadayisi bazothatha imvuthuluka yokudla ukuze bakwazi ukuzenzela imvunde yezitshalo zabo," kusho uPiper. "Kodwa njalo shayela phambili [ukuze uqiniseke] ukuvimbela ukuhamba edolobheni nesikhwama sezinsalela." (Ithiphu yephrofayili: Uma uhlala e-New York City, i-Grow NYC inohlu lwamasayithi okulahla izinsalela zokudla lapha.)

Kunjalo, ungakwazi njalo ukwenza owakho umquba wasendlini bese wabelana ngawo nabangani noma umndeni onesikhala sangaphandle, uma ungenayo indawo ongasakaza kuyo wena ngokwakho. Bona — kanye nezitshalo zabo — ngokuqinisekile bazokwazisa.

Buyekeza kwe-