IHuman Papillomavirus (HPV) Yomlomo: Okufanele Ukwazi

-Delile

• Ziyini izimpawu ze-HPV yomlomo?
• Yini ebangela i-HPV yomlomo?
• Izibalo mayelana ne-HPV yomlomo
• Yiziphi izinto ezinobungozi ze-HPV yomlomo?
• Ithola kanjani i-HPV yomlomo?
• Iphathwa kanjani i-HPV yomlomo?
• Ukuqagela uma uba nomdlavuza kusuka ku-HPV
• Ungayivimba kanjani i-HPV yomlomo?
• Ukugoma

Ukubuka konke

Abantu abaningi abahlanganyela ocansini bazothola i-human papillomavirus (HPV) ngesikhathi esithile empilweni yabo. I-HPV yisifo esithathelwana ngocansi (STI) e-United States. Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwe-100 ze-HPV zikhona, futhi ama-subtypes angaphezu kuka-40 we-HPV angathinta indawo yezitho zangasese nomphimbo.

I-HPV isakazeka ngokuxhumana kwesikhumba nesikhumba. Iningi labantu lithola i-HPV endaweni yabo yobulili ngokuya ocansini. Uma uzibandakanya ocansini lomlomo, ungaluthola emlonyeni noma emphinjeni. Lokhu kwaziwa kakhulu njenge-HPV yomlomo.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-HPV yomlomo?

I-HPV yomlomo ngokuvamile ayinazo izimpawu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abantu abaqapheli ukuthi bathelelekile futhi mancane amathuba okuthi bathathe izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukunqanda ukusabalala kwalesi sifo.Kungenzeka ukuthuthukisa izinsumpa emlonyeni noma emphinjeni ezimweni ezithile, kodwa lokhu akuvamile.

Lolu hlobo lwe-HPV lungaphenduka umdlavuza we-oropharyngeal, onqabile. Uma unomdlavuza we-oropharyngeal, amangqamuzana omdlavuza akha phakathi komphimbo, kufaka phakathi ulimi, amathoni nezindonga ze-pharynx. Lawa maseli angakhula kusuka ku-HPV yomlomo. Izimpawu zokuqala zomdlavuza we-oropharyngeal zifaka:

• inkinga yokugwinya
• izindlebe njalo
• ekhwehlela igazi
• ukuncipha kwesisindo okungaqondakali
• ama-lymph node akhulisiwe
• umphimbo obuhlungu njalo
• izigaxa ezihlathini
• ukukhula noma izigaxa entanyeni
• ukushaqeka

Uma ubona noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu futhi wazi noma ucabanga ukuthi ungaba ne-HPV, yenza i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela wakho ngokushesha.

Yini ebangela i-HPV yomlomo?

I-Oral HPV yenzeka lapho igciwane lingena emzimbeni, imvamisa ngokusebenzisa ukusika noma izinyembezi ezincane emlonyeni. Abantu bavame ukukuthola ngokwenza ucansi lomlomo. Ucwaningo oluningi luyadingeka ukuthola ukuthi abantu bathola kanjani futhi badlulise kanjani ukutheleleka ngomlomo kwe-HPV.

Izibalo mayelana ne-HPV yomlomo

Cishe njengamanje bane-HPV, futhi abantu bazobe besanda kutholakala kulo nyaka kuphela.

Cishe amaphesenti ayi-7 amaMelika aneminyaka eyi-14 kuya kwengama-69 ane-HPV yomlomo. Inani labantu abane-HPV yomlomo lenyukile eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu edlule. Kuvame kakhulu kwabesilisa kunabesifazane.

Cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zomdlavuza we-oropharyngeal une-HPV DNA kuwo. Uhlobo olungaphansi oluvame kakhulu lwe-HPV yomlomo yi-HPV-16. I-HPV-16 ibhekwa njengohlobo lwengozi enkulu.

Umdlavuza we-Oropharyngeal uyivelakancane. Cishe iphesenti elilodwa labantu line-HPV-16. Abantu abangaphansi kuka-15,000 bathola umdlavuza we-HPV-positive oropharyngeal unyaka nonyaka.

Yiziphi izinto ezinobungozi ze-HPV yomlomo?

Izici zobungozi ze-HPV yomlomo zifaka okulandelayo:

• Ucansi olwenziwa ngomlomo. Ubufakazi bukhombisa ukuthi ukwanda kokuya ocansini ngomlomo kungaba yingozi, nabesilisa basengozini enkulu, ikakhulukazi uma bebhema.
• Abalingani abaningi. Ukuba nabalingani abaningi ocansini kungakhuphula ubungozi bakho. Ngokusho komtholampilo waseCleveland, ukuba nabalingani abangaphezu kwama-20 ocansini esikhathini sakho sempilo kungakhuphula amathuba akho okuthola ukutheleleka ngomlomo nge-HPV ngamaphesenti angama-20.
• Ukubhema. Ukubhema kukhonjisiwe ukusiza ukukhuthaza ukuhlasela kwe-HPV. Ukuhogela intuthu eshisayo kukwenza ube sengozini enkulu yezinyembezi nokusikeka emlonyeni, futhi kuyingozi yokuthola umdlavuza womlomo.
• Ukuphuza utshwala. ukuthi ukuphuza kakhulu utshwala kwandisa ingozi yokutheleleka nge-HPV emadodeni. Uma ubhema futhi uphuza, usengozini enkulu nakakhulu.
• Kuvuleke umlomo. Olunye ucwaningo luye lwathi ukuqabula umlomo kuvulekile kuyingozi, njengoba kungadluliselwa kusuka emlonyeni kuya komunye, kepha ucwaningo oluningi luyadingeka ukuthola ukuthi ngabe lokhu kuyayandisa yini ingozi ye-HPV yomlomo.
• Ukuba owesilisa. Abesilisa basengozini enkulu yokuthola ukuxilongwa ngomlomo kwe-HPV kunabesifazane.

Ubudala buyisici esiyingozi somdlavuza we-oropharyngeal. Kuvame kakhulu kubantu abadala ngoba kuthatha iminyaka ukukhula.

Ithola kanjani i-HPV yomlomo?

Akukho ukuhlolwa okutholakalayo ukuthola ukuthi unayo yini i-HPV yomlomo. Udokotela wamazinyo noma udokotela wakho angathola izilonda ngokuhlolwa umdlavuza, noma ungaqala ubone izilonda bese wenza i-aphoyintimenti.

Uma unezilonda, udokotela wakho angenza i-biopsy ukubona ukuthi izilonda zinomdlavuza yini. Futhi bazohlola amasampula we-biopsy we-HPV. Uma i-HPV ikhona, umdlavuza ungaphendula kakhulu ekwelashweni.

Iphathwa kanjani i-HPV yomlomo?

Izinhlobo eziningi ze-HPV yomlomo ziyahamba ngaphambi kokuba zibangele noma yiziphi izinkinga zezempilo. Uma uthuthukisa izinsumpa zomlomo ngenxa ye-HPV, udokotela wakho kungenzeka asuse izinsumpa.

Ukwelapha izinsumpa ngemithi yokwelapha kungaba nzima ngoba izinsumpa zingaba nzima ukufinyelela. Udokotela wakho angasebenzisa noma iyiphi yalezi zindlela ezilandelayo ukwelapha izinsumpa:

• ukususwa kokuhlinzwa
• cryotherapy, okuyilapho insumpa iqandisiwe
• i-interferon alfa-2B (Intron A, Roferon-A), okuwumjovo

Ukuqagela uma uba nomdlavuza kusuka ku-HPV

Uma uba nomdlavuza we-oropharyngeal, izinketho zokwelashwa ziyatholakala. Ukwelashwa kwakho kanye nokuchazwa kwakho kuncike esiteji nasendaweni okuyo umdlavuza wakho nokuthi ihlobene ne-HPV noma cha.

Umdlavuza we-oropharyngeal we-HPV unemiphumela engcono futhi ubuyela emuva okuncane ngemuva kokwelashwa kunomdlavuza we-HPV-negative. Ukwelashwa komdlavuza we-oropharyngeal kungafaka ukwelashwa ngemisebe, ukuhlinzwa, i-chemotherapy, noma inhlanganisela yalokhu.

Ungayivimba kanjani i-HPV yomlomo?

Izinhlangano eziningi zezokwelapha nezamazinyo azikuncomi ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV yomlomo. Izinguquko zendlela yokuphila ezinye zezindlela ezilula kakhulu zokusiza ukuvimbela i-HPV. Nawa amanye amathiphu wokuvimbela:

• Vikela izifo ezithathelana ngokocansi ngokwenza ucansi oluphephile, njengokusebenzisa amakhondomu njalo uma uya ocansini.
• Nciphisa inombolo yakho yabalingani ocansini.
• Khuluma nabalingani bakho bezocansi ngezocansi, ubabuze ngesikhathi sakamuva lapho behlolwe khona ama-STI.
• Uma uhlanganyela ocansini, kufanele uhlolwe njalo ukuthola izifo zocansi.
• Uma unomlingani ongamjwayele, gwema ucansi lomlomo.
• Uma uya ocansini ngomlomo, sebenzisa amadamu noma amakhondomu okuvimbela noma yiziphi izifo zocansi ezithathwa ngomlomo.
• Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwezinyanga eziyisithupha kudokotela wamazinyo, bacele ukuthi baseshe emlonyeni wakho nganoma yini engajwayelekile, ikakhulukazi uma uya ocansini lomlomo kaningi.
• Kwenze umkhuba ukusesha umlomo wakho nganoma yikuphi ukungajwayelekile kanye ngenyanga.
• Goma nge-HPV.

Ukugoma

Ukugonyelwa i-HPV kubandakanya ukufaka isibhamu ezimbili zihlukaniswe izinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kwezingu-12 uma uneminyaka ephakathi kwengu-9 kuya kwengu-14. Abantu abaneminyaka engu-15 nangaphezulu bathola isibhamu esingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha. Uzodinga ukuthola zonke izibhamu zakho ukuze umuthi wokugoma usebenze.

Umuthi wokugoma we-HPV umuthi wokugoma ophephile futhi osebenzayo ongakuvikela ezifweni ezihlobene ne-HPV.

Lo muthi wokugoma phambilini wawutholakala kuphela kubantu kuze kube yiminyaka yobudala engama-26. Imihlahlandlela emisha manje isho ukuthi abantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-27 nengama-45 abangazange bagonyelwe i-HPV phambilini sebefanele ukuthola umuthi wokugoma i-Gardasil 9.

Ocwaningweni lwango-2017, ukutheleleka ngomlomo kwe-HPV kwathiwa kuphansi kubantu abadala abathole okungenani umthamo owodwa womuthi wokugoma we-HPV. Le mithi yokugoma isiza ukuvimbela umdlavuza we-oropharyngeal oxhumene ne-HPV.