Iyini iHypokinesia futhi Iwuthinta Kanjani Umzimba?

-Delile

• Ziyini izimpawu?
• Izimpawu zezimoto
• Izimpawu ezingezona ezezimoto
• Yiziphi izimo ezibangela i-hypokinesia?
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelashwa ezitholakalayo?
• Ngabe i-hypokinesia ingaholela kokunye ukuphazamiseka kokuhamba?
• Uyini umbono?

Kuyini i-hypokinesia?

I-Hypokinesia uhlobo lokuphazamiseka kokuhamba. Kusho ngokuqondile ukuthi ukunyakaza kwakho "kunciphe ukuphakama" noma akukukhulu njengoba ubungalindela ukuthi kube yikho.

I-Hypokinesia ihlobene ne-akinesia, okusho ukungabi khona kokunyakaza, ne-bradykinesia, okusho ukuhamba kancane kokuhamba. Amagama amathathu avame ukuqoqwa ndawonye futhi abhekiswe ngaphansi kwegama elithi bradykinesia. Lezi zinkinga zokuhamba zivame ukulingana nesifo sikaParkinson.

I-Hypokinesia uhlangothi lwe-flip lwegama elithi hyperkinesia. I-Hypokinesia yenzeka lapho unokunyakaza okuncane kakhulu, kanti i-hyperkinesia yenzeka lapho uneminyakazo eminingi kakhulu engazibandakanyi.

Ziyini izimpawu?

I-Hypokinesia ivame ukubonwa kanye ne-akinesia ne-bradykinesia. Kanye nenkinga yokulawulwa kwezimoto, le nhlanganisela yezinkinga nayo ingafika nezimpawu ezahlukahlukene ezingezona ezezimoto. Lezi zinhlanganisela zezimpawu zivame ukuhlotshaniswa nesifo sikaParkinson.

Izimpawu zezimoto

Ukunyakaza okungajwayelekile kungabonakala ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomzimba wakho ngezindlela ezihlukile.

Amanye amathuba afaka:

• ukubukeka okungazwakali ebusweni bakho (i-hypomimia)
• kwehle ukucwayiza
• ukubuka okungenalutho emehlweni akho
• inkulumo ethambile (i-hypophonia) ngokulahlekelwa amandla (aprosody)
• ukumunca amathe ngoba uyeka ukugwinya ngokuzenzakalela
• ukunyusa ihlombe kancane nokuphakamisa ingalo
• ukuzamazama okungalawuleki (ukuthuthumela)
• ukubhala ngesandla okuncane, okuhamba kancane (micrographia)
• kwehle ingalo jika lapho uhamba
• ukunyakaza okuhamba kancane, okuncane lapho uvula futhi uvala izandla zakho noma uthinta iminwe yakho
• ukungaxakeki kahle kokushefa, ukuxubha amazinyo, noma ukufaka izimonyo
• ukunyakaza okuhamba kancane, okuncane uma ushaya izinyawo zakho noma uthinta izinzwane zakho
• ukuma okuguqukayo
• kancane, shuffling gait
• ubunzima bokuqalisa noma ukubanda ngesikhathi sokunyakaza
• ubunzima bokuvuka esihlalweni, ukuphuma emotweni yakho, nokujika embhedeni

Izimpawu ezingezona ezezimoto

Izimpawu ezingokwengqondo nezingokomzimba ezingabangelwa ikakhulukazi yi-hypokinesia zivame ukuza ne-hypokinesia nesifo sika-Parkinson.

Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• ukulahleka kwamandla okwenza imisebenzi eminingi nokugxila
• ukwephuza ukucabanga
• ukuqala komqondo
• ukudana
• ukukhathazeka
• i-psychosis noma ezinye izimo zengqondo
• ukuphazamiseka kokulala
• ukukhathala
• umfutho wegazi ophansi lapho umile
• ukuqunjelwa
• ubuhlungu obungachazeki
• ukulahlekelwa iphunga
• ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile
• ukuba ndikindiki noma ukuzwa “kwezikhonkwane nezinaliti”

Yiziphi izimo ezibangela i-hypokinesia?

I-Hypokinesia ivame ukubonakala kwisifo sikaParkinson noma kuma-syndromes afana neParkinson. Kepha futhi kungaba uphawu lwezinye izimo:

Ischizophrenia nezinye izimo zokuqonda zivame ukuza nezinkinga zokusebenza kwemoto njenge-hypokinesia. Lokhu kuphazamiseka kokuhamba kungenzeka ngenxa yokuthi izingxenye ezahlukahlukene zobuchopho "azikhulumi" ngokufanele.

Ukuwohloka komqondo ngemizimba yeLeyy uhlobo oluthile lokuwohloka komqondo. Izimpawu zingabandakanya ukubona okubonwayo, izinkinga zokuqonda, ukuphazamiseka kokunyakaza njenge-hypokinesia, ukuwa okuphindaphindiwe, ukuquleka, ukukhohlisa, ukuphazamiseka kokulala nokudangala.

Multiple uhlelo yoma yiqembu lokuphazamiseka kwesistimu yezinzwa elibangela i-hypokinesia, ukungalingani, ukushintsha kwenkulumo, ukuqina, ubuthakathaka, ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile, izinkinga zomchamo, nesiyezi lapho umile.

Ukukhubazeka okuqhubekayo kwe-supranuclear kuyisifo esinezimpawu zezimoto ezifana nekaParkinson. Uphawu lwesimo ukwehluleka ukuhambisa amehlo akho phezulu naphansi; ungaba nenkinga yokugcina izinkophe zakho zivulekile. Ungaba nenkinga yokukhuluma nokugwinya, futhi ungacabanga kancane.

Unhlangothi ku-hypokinesia noma kwesinye isifo sokunyakaza. Uma kwenzeka, i-post-stroke hypokinesia iba ngcono ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kwezingu-12.

Ukwehla kwe-Cortical basal ganglionic yisifo esingajwayelekile esifana neParkinson. Ungahle ube nokuqina ngakolunye uhlangothi lomzimba wakho, ukuqina kwemisipha okubuhlungu, nezinkinga zokukhuluma. Kwesinye isikhathi ingalo noma umlenze wakho uzohamba ngaphandle kokuthi "uwutshele".

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelashwa ezitholakalayo?

Unezinketho eziningi zokunciphisa izimpawu nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo yakho uma une-hypokinesia noma esinye isifo sokunyakaza esihlobene nesifo sikaParkinson. Uhlelo olujwayelekile lokwelashwa lungafaka imithi, ukuvuselela ubuchopho obujulile, nokwelashwa komzimba.

Kodwa-ke, akukho muthi noma ukwelashwa okutholakalayo ngalesi sikhathi okunganciphisa noma kumise ukuqhubeka kwesifo.

Iningi lemithi yokwelapha izimpawu zezimoto zikaParkinson lenyusa amazinga e-dopamine ebuchosheni bakho. Ezinye izinhlobo zemithi kanye nezindlela zokwelapha zisetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimpawu ezingezona ezezimoto.

Izinketho ezijwayelekile zifaka:

ULevodopa iguqulwa ibe yi-dopamine ebuchosheni bakho futhi iyimithi ephumelela kakhulu ye-hypokinesia ehlobene nesifo sikaParkinson. Imvamisa kuhlanganiswa ne- carbidopa (Lodosyn), okuwumuthi ovimbela ukuwohloka kwe-levodopa emzimbeni ukuze kufinyelele ebuchosheni.

Ama-agonists eDopamine olunye uhlobo lwemithi olwandisa amazinga akho e-dopamine. Zingahlanganiswa ne-levodopa. Le mithi ifaka i-bromocriptine (Parlodel), i-pergolide (i-Permax), i-pramipexole (i-Mirapex), ne-ropinirole (i-Requip).

I-Monoamine oxidase (MAO) -B inhibitors ukunciphisa ukwehla kwe-dopamine ebuchosheni. Bavumela i-dopamine yomzimba wakho ukuthi isebenze isikhathi eside. Le mithi ifaka i-selegiline (i-Eldepryl) ne-rasagiline (i-Azilect).

I-Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors yehlisa ukubola kwe-levodopa emzimbeni, ivumele i-levodopa eningi ukuthi ifinyelele ebuchosheni. Le mithi ifaka phakathi i-entacapone (Comtan) ne-tolcapone (Tasmar).

Izidakamizwa ze-Anticholinergic nciphisa i-acetylcholine yamakhemikhali obuchopho futhi usize ukubuyisela ibhalansi phakathi kwe-acetylcholine ne-dopamine. Le mithi ifaka i-trihexyphenidyl (Artane) ne-benztropine (Cogentin).

I-Amantadine (Symmetrel) isebenza ngezindlela ezimbili. Kwandisa umsebenzi we-dopamine ebuchosheni bakho. Iphinde ithinte uhlelo lwe-glutamate ebuchosheni bakho, inciphise ukunyakaza okungalawuleki komzimba.

Ukukhuthaza ubuchopho obujulile (i-DBS) kuyindlela yokuhlinzwa uma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingakusebenzeli kahle. Kusebenza kangcono ukunciphisa ukuqina, ukuhamba kancane, nokuzamazama.

Wena nodokotela wakho nizodlula ezinye izimpawu ezingezona ezokunyakaza eninazo, njengezinkinga zokuqonda, ukukhathala, noma izinkinga zokulala. Ngokubambisana ningaqhamuka nohlelo lokwelashwa olubandakanya imishanguzo nezinye izindlela zokwelapha ukunciphisa lezo zimpawu.

Udokotela wakho futhi angancoma ukwelashwa ngokomzimba, ukwelashwa emsebenzini, ukusetshenziswa kwamadivayisi okusiza, noma ukwelulekwa.

Ngabe i-hypokinesia ingaholela kokunye ukuphazamiseka kokuhamba?

Izinhlobo eziningi zezinselelo zokunyakaza zibonwa kanye nokunyakaza okuncane kwe-hypokinesia. Lezi zindlela ezingajwayelekile zezimoto zivame ukutholakala kothile onesifo sikaParkinson noma kwesinye sezifo ezinjenge-Parkinson.

Izibonelo zifaka:

I-Akinesia: Uma une-akinesia, uzoba nobunzima noma ukungakwazi ukuqala ukunyakaza. Ukuqina kwemisipha yakho kuvame ukuqala emilenzeni nasentanyeni. Uma i-akinesia ithinta imisipha yakho yobuso, ungahlakulela ukubukeka okufana nemaski.

I-Bradykinesia: Uma une-bradykinesia, ukunyakaza kwakho kuzohamba kancane. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ungaqala "ukubamba" phakathi nokunyakaza futhi kungakuthatha imizuzwana embalwa ukuthi uphinde uqale.

IDysarthria: Uma une-dysarthria, imisipha oyisebenzisayo ukukhuluma izoba buthakathaka noma uzoba nobunzima bokuyilawula. Inkulumo yakho ingahle ingahambi kahle noma ingasheshi kanti abanye bangakuthola kunzima ukukuqonda.

I-Dyskinesia: Uma une-dyskinesia, uzoba nokunyakaza okungalawulwa. Kungathinta isitho somzimba esisodwa - njengengalo, umlenze, noma ikhanda lakho - noma kungathinta imisipha emzimbeni wakho wonke. I-Dyskinesia ingabukeka njengokuzulazula, ukugigitheka, ukuzulazula, noma ukubhoboza ikhanda.

IDystonia: Uma une-dystonia, uzoba nezinciphiso ezibuhlungu, ezinde zemisipha ezibangela ukunyakaza okujikayo nokuma komzimba okungajwayelekile. Izimpawu zivame ukuqala endaweni eyodwa yomzimba kepha zingasakazeka nakwezinye izindawo.

Ubunzima: Uma unokuqina, isitho sakho esisodwa noma ngaphezulu noma ezinye izitho zomzimba zizoqina ziqine ngokungavamile. Kuyinto eyodwa yokutshela ngesifo sikaParkinson.

Ukungazinzi kwangemuva: Uma unokungazinzi kwangemuva kwesikhashana, uzoba nenkinga ngokulinganisela nokuxhumanisa. Lokhu kungakwenza ungazinzi lapho umile noma uhamba ngezinyawo.

Uyini umbono?

Alikho ikhambi le-hypokinesia. I-Parkinson nayo iyisifo esiqhubekayo, okusho ukuthi sizoba sibi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kepha awukwazi ukubikezela ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu ozozithola noma uzozithola nini. Izimpawu eziningi zingakhululwa ngemithi nangezinye izindlela zokwelapha.

Okuhlangenwe nakho komuntu ngamunye nge-hypokinesia nesifo sikaParkinson kuhlukile. Udokotela wakho ungumthombo wakho ongcono kakhulu wolwazi mayelana nombono wakho ngamunye.