I-Pharmacokinetics ne-Pharmacodynamics: kuyini futhi yini umehluko

-Delile

• I-Pharmacokinetics
• 1. Ukuncela
• 2. Ukusatshalaliswa
• 3. Umzimba
• 4. Ukukhishwa
• I-Pharmacodynamics
• 1. Indawo yesenzo
• 2. Indlela yokusebenza
• 3. Umphumela wokwelapha

I-Pharmacokinetics ne-pharmacodynamics yimibono ehlukile, ehlobene nokwenziwa kwezidakamizwa emzimbeni futhi okuphambene nalokho.

I-Pharmacokinetics ngukucwaninga kwendlela umuthi oyithathayo emzimbeni njengoba udliwe uze ukhishwe, kuyilapho i-pharmacodynamics iqukethe ukutadisha kokusebenzisana kwalesi sidakamizwa nesiza esibophayo, esizokwenzeka ngale ndlela.

I-Pharmacokinetics

I-pharmacokinetics iqukethe ukutadisha indlela ezothathwa ngumuthi kusukela lapho unikezwa kuze kube yilapho ususwa, kudlula ukumuncwa, ukusatshalaliswa, imetabolism kanye nezinqubo zokukhishwa. Ngale ndlela, umuthi uzothola isiza sokuxhuma.

1. Ukuncela

Ukumuncwa kuqukethe ukudlula komuthi kusuka endaweni lapho ufakwa khona, kuye ekujikelezeni kwegazi. Ukuphathwa kungenziwa ngaphakathi, okusho ukuthi umuthi ufakwa ngomlomo, izilimi ezingezansi noma nge-rectally, noma nge-parenterally, okusho ukuthi umuthi ufakwa ngemithambo, ngaphansi kwesikhumba, ngaphakathi noma ngaphakathi.

2. Ukusatshalaliswa

Ukusatshalaliswa kuqukethe indlela ethathwa ngumuthi ngemuva kokuwela umgoqo we-epithelium yamathumbu ungene ekusakazweni kwegazi, okungenzeka kube kufomu lamahhala, noma kuxhunyaniswe namaprotheni e-plasma, bese kufinyelela ezindaweni eziningana:

• Indawo yokwelashwa, lapho kuzoba nomphumela ohlosiwe;
• Izichibi zamathishu, lapho zizoqoqwa khona ngaphandle kokuthola umphumela wokwelapha;
• Indawo yesenzo esingalindelekile, lapho uzokwenza khona isenzo esingafuneki, esibangela imiphumela emibi;
• Beka lapho kwenziwa khona umzimba, okungakhuphula isenzo sabo noma kungasebenzi;
• Izindawo lapho zikhishwa khona.

Lapho isidakamizwa sibopha amaprotheni e-plasma, asikwazi ukweqa isithiyo ukufinyelela izicubu futhi senze isenzo sokwelashwa, ngakho-ke umuthi onobudlelwano obuphezulu nalawa maprotheni uzoba nokusatshalaliswa okuncane kanye ne-metabolism. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi esichithwa emzimbeni sizoba side, ngoba into esebenzayo ithatha isikhathi eside ukufinyelela lapho kuzokwenziwa khona nokuthi isuswe.

3. Umzimba

I-Metabolism yenzeka kakhulu esibindini, futhi okulandelayo kungenzeka:

• Yenza kungasebenzi into, okuyiyona evame kakhulu;
• Lungiselela ukukhishwa, kwakheke imetabolites eningi encibilikayo namanzi ukuze isuswe kalula;
• Yenza kusebenze amakhompiyutha angasebenzi ekuqaleni, aguqule iphrofayli ye-pharmacokinetic futhi akhe ama-metabolites asebenzayo.

Imetabolism yezidakamizwa nayo ingenzeka kaningi emaphashini, ezinso nasezindlala ze-adrenal.

4. Ukukhishwa

Ukukhishwa kubandakanya ukususwa kwesakhi ngokusebenzisa izakhiwo ezahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi ezinso, lapho ukuqedwa kwenziwa ngomchamo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-metabolites nawo angaqedwa ngezinye izakhiwo ezinjengamathumbu, ngendle, amaphaphu uma eshintshashintsha, nesikhumba ngomjuluko, ubisi lwebele noma izinyembezi.

Izici eziningana zingaphazamisa i-pharmacokinetics efana nobudala, ubulili, isisindo somzimba, izifo kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kwezitho ezithile noma imikhuba efana nokubhema nokuphuza utshwala, ngokwesibonelo.

I-Pharmacodynamics

I-Pharmacodynamics iqukethe ukutadisha ukusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa nama-receptors azo, lapho zisebenzisa khona ukusebenza kwazo, kukhiqize umphumela wokwelapha.

1. Indawo yesenzo

Izindawo zokwenziwa yizindawo lapho izinto ezingapheli, okuyizinto ezikhiqizwa ngumzimba, noma okungajwayelekile, okuyisimo semithi, ezihlangana khona ukukhiqiza impendulo yezemithi. Izinhloso eziyinhloko zokwenza izinto ezisebenzayo yi-receptors lapho kungokwesiko ukubopha izinto ezingapheli, iziteshi ze-ion, abathutha, ama-enzyme namaprotheni ezakhiwo.

2. Indlela yokusebenza

Indlela yokwenza isenzo sokuhlangana kwamakhemikhali into enikeziwe esebenzayo enayo ne-receptor, ikhiqiza impendulo yokwelashwa.

3. Umphumela wokwelapha

Umphumela wokwelashwa ungumphumela omuhle futhi ofiselekayo onawo umuthi emzimbeni lapho ufakwa.