Umlutha Wezidakamizwa Ongekho Emthethweni

-Delile

• Izinhlobo zezidakamizwa
• Izikhuthazi
• Ama-opioid
• Ama-hallucinogens
• Izidakamizwa noma izidakamizwa
• Ukubona izimpawu zokulutha izidakamizwa
• Izikhuthazi
• Ama-opioid
• Ama-hallucinogens
• Izinketho zokwelashwa
• Uhlelo lokuvuselela iziguli
• Uhlelo lokuvuselela iziguli ezingalalisiwe
• Izinhlelo zezinyathelo eziyi-12
• I-Psychotherapy noma ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo
• Imithi
• Izinsiza
• Ukulindela nombono wesikhathi eside

Ukubuka konke

Izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni yilezo ezingekho emthethweni ukuzenza, ukuzithengisa noma ukuzisebenzisa. Kubandakanya:

• icocaine
• ama-amphetamines
• iqhawekazi
• hallucinogens

Izidakamizwa eziningi ezingekho emthethweni zilutha kakhulu futhi zibeka izingozi ezinkulu. Ukusebenzisa le mithi kuvame ukuqala njengokuzama noma ngenxa yelukuluku. Ngezinye izikhathi, kungaqala ngokusebenzisa imishanguzo kadokotela enqunyelwe ukwelapha ukugula noma ukulimala.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umsebenzisi angahle abanjwe yimiphumela engokwengqondo noma engokomzimba yomuthi. Lokhu kuholela kumsebenzisi odinga into eningi ukuthola imiphumela efanayo. Ngaphandle kosizo, umuntu onomlutha wezidakamizwa ongekho emthethweni uvamise ukubeka impilo nokuphepha kwakhe engozini.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukulutheka akuyona ubuthakathaka noma ukukhetha. Ngokwe-American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM), ukulutheka yisifo esingelapheki esenza ukuthi abantu bafune umvuzo noma ukukhululeka ngezinto noma ezinye izindlela zokuziphatha.

Izinhlobo zezidakamizwa

Imiphumela yezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni incike ohlotsheni lwesidakamizwa. Izidakamizwa zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ngokuya ngemiphumela yazo:

Izikhuthazi

Izikhuthazi zifaka i-cocaine noma i-methamphetamines. Zibangela ukungasebenzi kahle futhi zikhuphule izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo nokusebenza kobuchopho.

Ama-opioid

Ama-opioid angamaphilisi ezinhlungu nawo athinta amakhemikhali ebuchosheni alawula imizwa. Futhi zingacindezela noma zinciphise uhlelo oluphakathi lwezinzwa futhi zithinte ukuphefumula.

Ama-hallucinogens

Insangu, amakhowe e-psilocybin, kanye ne-LSD konke kubhekwa njenge-hallucinogens. Baguqula umbono womsebenzisi wesikhala, isikhathi, kanye neqiniso.

Izidakamizwa noma izidakamizwa

Le mithi ayihlali ingekho emthethweni ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kepha abantu bangathola imilutha yemithi kadokotela yazo zonke izinhlobo. Uma izidakamizwa zisetshenziswa ngezindlela ezingabekwanga ngumuntu ongumlutha wezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni, zingagcina zintshontsha ukuze zigcine ukutholakala kwazo.

Ukubona izimpawu zokulutha izidakamizwa

Abanye abantu abayimilutha yezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni bangaxuba izinto ezahlukahlukene ndawonye. Bangaphinda bashintshe phakathi kokuthatha izidakamizwa ezahlukahlukene. Kepha noma ngabe zithathwa kanjani izidakamizwa, kunezindlela ezithile zokuziphatha ezingakhombisa ukulutha:

• izinguquko eziphawulekayo, ezingavamile, noma ezingazelelwe ezingeni lamandla
• isimilo esinolaka noma ukushintsha kwemizwelo enobudlova
• ukukhathazeka ngokuthola nokusebenzisa izidakamizwa
• ukuhoxa kubangani nomndeni
• ubungani obusha nabanye abasebenzisi
• ukuya emicimbini yokuzijabulisa lapho umuthi uzobe ukhona
• izinkinga zempilo ezingamahlalakhona noma ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo komuthi ngaphandle kwezingozi zomzimba
• indlela yokuziphatha eyephula isimilo somuntu noma izindinganiso zakhe ukuze athole umuthi
• imiphumela yezomthetho noma yobungcweti evela ekusetshenzisweni kwezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni, njengokuboshwa noma ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi

Kukhona nezimpawu ezithile ezihambisana nezigaba ezithile zezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni.

Izikhuthazi

Izimpawu zokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa zivuselela:

• ukwanda kwengcindezi yegazi noma ukushisa komzimba
• ukuncipha komzimba
• izifo ezihlobene nokushoda kwamavithamini kanye nokungondleki
• ukuphazamiseka kwesikhumba noma izilonda
• ukuqwasha
• ukudana
• abafundi abahlanjululwe njalo

Ama-opioid

Ukulutha kwe-opioid kungadala:

• amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka ngokungondleki
• ukutheleleka kudlula ngegazi
• izingqinamba emathunjini
• ukuphefumula kanzima

Izidakamizwa ezinjenge-heroin zikwenza wozele, ngakho abahlukumezi bazobonakala sengathi bakhathele ngokweqile. Futhi, lapho umsebenzisi engatholi ngokwanele umuthi, angahlangabezana:

• Ukugodola
• ubuhlungu bemisipha
• ukuhlanza

Ama-hallucinogens

Ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-hallucinogen kuvame kakhulu kunokulutha kwe-hallucinogen. Izimpawu zokuhlukumeza zingabandakanya:

• abafundi abahlanzekile
• ukunyakaza okungahambisani
• umfutho wegazi ophakeme
• isiyezi
• ukuhlanza

Kwezinye izimo, kungahle kube nemimoya yokufuna ukuzibulala noma enobudlova.

Izinketho zokwelashwa

Ukwelashwa kokulutha izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni kungabandakanya ukwelashwa kweziguli noma iziguli ngaphandle bese kulashwa. Imvamisa kungaba nzima ukuthi umuntu oluthwe yizidakamizwa ayeke ukuzisebenzisa futhi ahlale esangulukile ngaphandle kosizo lochwepheshe.

Inqubo yokuhoxa ingaba yingozi futhi ilimaze impilo yomsebenzisi. Abantu abaningi badinga ukuba ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela emasontweni ambalwa okuqala okuqabula ukuze bakwazi ukukhipha ubuthi ngokuphepha. Ukuhlanganiswa kwalezi zindlela zokwelashwa ezilandelayo kungadingeka:

Uhlelo lokuvuselela iziguli

Uhlelo lokungeniswa kweziguli ngokuvamile luyisiqalo esihle kakhulu somuntu onomlutha wezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni. Odokotela, abahlengikazi, kanye nabelaphi baqapha umuntu ukuze baqiniseke ukuthi uphephile.

Ekuqaleni, umuntu angaba nezimpawu ezithile zomzimba ezingezinhle njengoba umzimba wakhe ulungisa ukungabi nawo umuthi.

Ngemuva kokuhoxa ngokomzimba, bangagxila ekuhlanzeni endaweni ephephile. Ubude bezinhlelo zeziguli zingehluka. Kuya ngesikhungo, isimo, nokutholakala komshuwalense.

Uhlelo lokuvuselela iziguli ezingalalisiwe

Ohlelweni lokugula kweziguli abantu baya emakilasini nasekwelulekeni esikhungweni. Kepha bayaqhubeka nokuhlala ekhaya futhi bahambela imisebenzi yansuku zonke efana nomsebenzi.

Izinhlelo zezinyathelo eziyi-12

Izinhlelo ezinjengeNarcotics Anonymous (NA) neDrug Addicts Anonymous (DAA) zilandela indlela efanayo yokutakula njenge-Alcoholics Anonymous (AA).

Lezi zinhlelo zigxile ezimisweni ezaziwa njengezinyathelo eziyi-12. Umuntu ubhekene nokulutha kwakhe futhi uzofunda ukuthuthukisa izindlela zokubhekana nezinkinga ezintsha. Lezi zinhlelo futhi zisebenza njengamaqembu okusekela ngokubandakanya abanye abantu abanezidakamizwa.

I-Psychotherapy noma ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo

Umuntu onomlutha angazuza ekwelashweni ngakunye. Ukuba umlutha wezidakamizwa kuvame ukuhilela izingqinamba ezingokomzwelo ezidinga ukubhekana nazo ukuze kuguqulwe izindlela zokuzilimaza.

Futhi, umelaphi angasiza umuntu onomlutha wezidakamizwa ukuba abhekane nemizwa ethintekayo ekululameni. Umuntu onomlutha kungadingeka abhekane nokudangala, ukuba necala, nehlazo.

Imithi

Kwezinye izimo, imithi iyadingeka ukusiza ukunqoba izifiso noma izifiso. IMethadone isidakamizwa esingasetshenziswa ukusiza imilutha ye-heroin ishaye umlutha. Futhi, i-buprenorphine-naloxone iyatholakala ukusiza abantu abane-opiate imilutha ukuphatha izifiso.

Kwesinye isikhathi abantu bayazelapha. Baphendukela ezidakamizweni ukubhekana nezinkinga zempilo yengqondo. Kulokhu, imishanguzo ingasiza inqubo yokutakula.

Izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni zivame ukuguqula amakhemikhali obuchopho. Lokhu kungaqinisa noma kwembule izimo zempilo yengqondo esezikhona. Lapho ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa okujwayelekile kumile, lezi zimo zempilo yengqondo zivame ukuphathwa ngemithi efanele.

Izinsiza

Kunezinhlangano ezithile ezisiza ngokulutha nezidakamizwa ngokungemthetho. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• I-Narcotic Anonymous (NA)
• Abadla Izidakamizwa Abangaziwa (i-DAA)
• Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sokuhlukumeza Izidakamizwa
• IzidakamizwaFree.org
• UMkhandlu Kazwelonke Wezokulutha Kotshwala Nezidakamizwa (NCADD)

Abantu abasondelene nomuntu onomlutha bavame ukubhekana nengcindezi yabo ngesikhathi somlutha noma sokululama kothandekayo. Izinhlelo ezinjenge-Al-Anon zingasiza imindeni nabangane bomuntu onomlutha ukuthola ukwesekwa.

Ukulindela nombono wesikhathi eside

Ukulashwa okungekho emthethweni kungalashwa. Kepha kungaba inqubo enzima, ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo. Abantu abanomlutha bavame ukuthi “abelapheki.” Bafunda ukubhekana nezifo zabo.

Ukubuyela emuva kungenzeka kepha kubalulekile ukuthi umuntu ofuna ukwelashwa abuyele emgqeni aqhubeke nokwelashwa.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokuxhasa oluqinile olufaka phakathi abantu abasangulukile ukusiza ngokululama kwesikhathi eside.