Yini i-Acute Myocardial Infarction, Izimpawu, Izimbangela Nokwelapha

-Delile

• Izimbangela ze-AMI
• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• Ukuxilongwa kwe-Acute Myocardial Infarction
• Yelashwa kanjani

I-Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-infarction noma isifo senhliziyo, ifana nokuphazamiseka kokugeleza kwegazi kuye enhliziyweni, okubangela ukufa kwamaseli enhliziyo futhi kubangele izimpawu ezinjengobuhlungu esifubeni obungaphuma buye engalweni.

Imbangela enkulu ye-infarction ukunqwabelana kwamafutha ngaphakathi kwemikhumbi, okuvame ukubangelwa imikhuba engenampilo, ngokudla okunamafutha amaningi ne-cholesterol kanye nezithelo nemifino ephansi, ngaphezu kokungasebenzi komzimba kanye nezici zofuzo.

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa udokotela wenhliziyo ngokusebenzisa izivivinyo zomzimba, zokwelashwa kanye nezelabhorethri kanti ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngenhloso yokuvula umthambo nokwenza ngcono ukujikeleza kwegazi.

Izimbangela ze-AMI

Imbangela enkulu ye-infarction ye-myocardial acute yi-atherosclerosis, ehambelana nokuqongelela kwamafutha ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi, ngendlela yamapuleti, okungavimbela ukudlula kwegazi liye enhliziyweni futhi, ngaleyo ndlela, kubangele i-infarction. Ngaphezu kwe-atherosclerosis, i-acute myocardial infarction ingenzeka ngenxa yezifo ezingezona ze-atherosclerotic coronary, izinguquko zokuzalwa kanye nezinguquko ze-hematological, isibonelo. Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi yini engadala isifo senhliziyo.

Ezinye izinto zingakhuphula amathuba okuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo, njenge:

• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, ukubhema, ukungasebenzi, ukudla okunamafutha amaningi kanye ne-cholesterol futhi unefayibha encane, izithelo nemifino, lezi zinto zibizwa njengezici zobungozi ezingaguqulwa yindlela yokuphila;
• Iminyaka yobudala, ubuhlanga, ubulili besilisa nezimo zofuzo, ezibhekwa njengezici ezingenakuguqulwa;
• I-Dyslipidemia ne-hypertension, okuyizinto ezingashintshwa yimithi, okungukuthi, zingaxazululwa ngokusebenzisa imishanguzo.

Ukuvikela ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, kubalulekile ukuthi umuntu abe nemikhuba yokuphila enempilo, njengokuzivocavoca nokudla ngendlela efanele. Nakhu ongakudla ukwehlisa i-cholesterol.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Uphawu oluphawuleka kakhulu lwe-infarction ye-myocardial acute yizinhlungu ngesimo sokuqina enhliziyweni, ohlangothini lwesobunxele sesifuba, esingahle sihlotshaniswe nezinye izimpawu, njenge:

• Isiyezi;
• Malaise;
• Ukuzizwa ngiyagula;
• Umjuluko obandayo;
• Pallor;
• Ukuzwa isisindo noma ukushisa esiswini;
• Ukuzwa ukuqina emphinjeni;
• Ubuhlungu ekhwapheni noma engalweni yangakwesobunxele.

Lapho nje kuvela izimpawu zokuqala, kubalulekile ukubiza i-SAMU ngoba i-infarction ingaholela ekulahlekelweni ukwazi, ngoba kuncipha ukuphakelwa kwegazi ebuchosheni. Funda ukuthi ungasibona kanjani isifo senhliziyo.

Uma ubuka isifo senhliziyo ngokulahlekelwa ukwazi, kufanele wazi ukuthi ungenza kanjani ukubhucungwa kwenhliziyo ngenkathi ulinde iSAMU ukuthi ifike, ngoba lokhu kwandisa amathuba okuphila komuntu. Funda ukuthi ungenza kanjani ukubhucungwa kwenhliziyo kule vidiyo:

Ukuxilongwa kwe-Acute Myocardial Infarction

Ukuxilongwa kwe-AMI kwenziwa ngokuhlolwa komzimba, lapho i-cardiologist ihlaziya zonke izimpawu ezichazwe yisiguli, ngaphezu kwe-electrocardiogram, engenye yezindlela ezibalulekile zokuxilongwa kwe-infarction. I-electrocardiogram, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-ECG, isivivinyo esihlose ukuhlola ukusebenza kukagesi kwenhliziyo, okwenza sikwazi ukuhlola isigqi nokuvama kokushaya kwenhliziyo. Qonda ukuthi yini i-ECG nokuthi yenziwa kanjani.

Ukuthola ukutholwa kwe-infarction, udokotela futhi anga-oda ukuhlolwa kwe-laboratory ukuthola ubukhona bezimpawu zamakhemikhali ezinokuhlushwa okwandayo ezimeni zokungqubuzana. Amalebula acelwa ngokujwayelekile:

• CK-MB, okuyi-protein etholakala emisipheni yenhliziyo futhi ukugxila kwayo egazini kukhuphula amahora ama-4 kuye kwayi-8 ngemuva kokutheleleka bese kubuyela kokujwayelekile ngemuva kwamahora angama-48 kuye kwangama-72;
• I-Myoglobin, ebuye ibe khona enhliziyweni, kepha ukugxila kwayo kukhuphuke ihora eli-1 ngemuva kwe-infarction futhi kubuyela emazingeni ajwayelekile ngemuva kwamahora angama-24 - Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuhlolwa kwe-myoglobin;
• Troponin, okuwuphawu lwe-infarction olucacise kakhulu, lukhuphuke amahora angama-4 kuye kwayi-8 ngemuva kwe-infarction bese lubuyela emazingeni ajwayelekile ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10 - Qonda ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-troponin kwenzelwe ini.

Ngemiphumela yezivivinyo zomaka wenhliziyo, udokotela wenhliziyo uyakwazi ukubona ukuthi i-infarction yenzeke nini kusuka ekugxilweni kwabamaki egazini.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelashwa kokuqala kwe-infarction ye-myocardial acute kwenzeka ngokuvula umkhumbi nge-angioplasty noma ngokuhlinzwa okubizwa nge-bypass, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukudlula.ukudlula i-cardiac noma i-myocardial revascularization.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiguli sidinga ukuthatha imishanguzo enciphisa ukwakheka kwamacwecwe noma okwenza igazi libe mncane, ukuze kube lula ukudlula kwalo emkhunjini, njenge-Acetyl Salicylic Acid (AAS), ngokwesibonelo. Funda kabanzi mayelana nokwelashwa kwesifo senhliziyo.