I-Anaphylaxis

I-Anaphylaxis iyindlela esongela impilo yokusabela okweqile.

I-Anaphylaxis ukusabela okweqile komzimba, komzimba wonke kumakhemikhali asephenduke i-allergen. I-allergen yinto engadala ukusabela okweqile.

Ngemuva kokuvezwa entweni efana nobuthi bokulunywa yizinyosi, amasosha omzimba womuntu ayavuseleleka kuwo. Lapho umuntu ephinda evezwa kulolo hlobo lwe-allergen, kungenzeka ukusabela okweqile. I-Anaphylaxis yenzeka ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvezwa. Isimo sinzima futhi sithinta umzimba wonke.

Izicubu ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomzimba zikhipha i-histamine nezinye izinto. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi izindlela zomoya ziqine futhi kuholele kwezinye izimpawu.

Ezinye izidakamizwa (i-morphine, i-x-ray dye, i-aspirin, nezinye) zingadala ukusabela okufana ne-anaphylactic (ukusabela kwe-anaphylactoid) lapho abantu bevezwa kubo okokuqala. Lokhu kusabela akufani nokuphendula kohlelo lokuzivikela komzimba okwenzeka nge-anaphylaxis yangempela. Kepha, izimpawu, ubungozi bezinkinga, kanye nokwelashwa kuyafana kuzo zombili izinhlobo zokuphendula.

I-Anaphylaxis ingenzeka ngokuphendula kunoma iyiphi i-allergen. Izimbangela ezivamile zifaka:

• Ukungezwani nezidakamizwa
• Ukungezwani kokudla
• Ukulunywa / ukulunywa yizinambuzane

Impova nezinye izifo ezihogelwayo akuvamile ukubangela i-anaphylaxis. Abanye abantu bane-anaphylactic reaction ngaphandle kwesizathu esaziwayo.

I-Anaphylaxis isongela impilo futhi ingenzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Izingozi zifaka umlando wanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokungezwani nomzimba.

Izimpawu zikhula ngokushesha, imvamisa ngemizuzwana noma imizuzu. Zingafaka noma yikuphi okulandelayo:

• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Ukuzizwa ngikhathazekile
• Ukungaphatheki kahle kwesifuba noma ukuqina
• Uhudo
• Kunzima ukuphefumula, ukukhwehlela, ukuqhuma, noma imisindo yokuphefumula ephezulu
• Kunzima ukugwinya
• Isiyezi noma ikhanda elikhanyayo
• Isifuba, ukulunywa, ubomvu besikhumba
• Ukuminyana emakhaleni
• Isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza
• Ukushaya kancane
• Inkulumo eshisiwe
• Ukuvuvukala kobuso, amehlo, noma ulimi
• Ukuquleka

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzomhlola lowo muntu abuze ukuthi yini okungenzeka ukuthi ibange lesi simo.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-allergen okwadala i-anaphylaxis (uma imbangela ingabonakali) kungenziwa ngemuva kokwelashwa.

I-Anaphylaxis yisimo esiphuthumayo esidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Shayela ku-911 noma inombolo ephuthumayo yendawo ngokushesha.

Bheka indlela yomoya, ukuphefumula, nokusakazwa komuntu, okwaziwa njenge-ABC's Basic Life Support. Uphawu oluyisixwayiso lokuvuvukala komphimbo okuyingozi izwi elihoshozela kakhulu noma elihlebelweyo, noma imisindo egqashukile lapho umuntu ephefumula emoyeni. Uma kunesidingo, qala ukutakula ukuphefumula kanye ne-CPR.

1. Shayela ku-911 noma inombolo ephuthumayo yendawo.
2. Hlisa umoya futhi umqinisekise lowo muntu.
3. Uma ukungezwani komzimba kusuka ekulunyweni yizinyosi, susa isitinyela esikhunjeni ngento eqinile (njengezipho zomunwe noma ikhadi lesikweletu lepulasitiki). Musa ukusebenzisa udlawana. Ukukhama isitinyela kuzokhipha ubuthi obuningi.
4. Uma umuntu ephethe imithi yokungezwani komzimba nezimo eziphuthumayo, msize ayithathe noma ayijove. Ungamniki umuthi ngomlomo uma umuntu ephefumula kanzima.
5. Thatha izinyathelo ukuvimbela ukushaqeka. Yenza umuntu alale phansi, uphakamise izinyawo zomuntu cishe ngamasentimitha angu-12 (30 centimeters), bese umboza umuntu ngejazi noma ngengubo. Ungambeki umuntu kulesi sikhundla uma kusolwa ukulimala ekhanda, entanyeni, emuva, noma emlenzeni, noma uma kubanga ukungaphatheki kahle.

UNGENZI:

• Ungacabangi ukuthi noma ikuphi ukungezwani komzimba umuntu akutholile kuzohlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okuphelele.
• Ungabeki umqamelo ngaphansi kwekhanda lomuntu uma enenkinga yokuphefumula. Lokhu kungavimba imigwaqo yomoya.
• Ungamniki lutho umuntu ngomlomo uma enenkinga yokuphefumula.

Abezimo eziphuthumayo noma abanye abahlinzeki bangafaka ishubhu emakhaleni noma emlonyeni ku-airways. Noma ukuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo kuzokwenziwa ukubeka ithubhu ngqo ku-trachea.

Umuntu angathola imishanguzo yokuqhubeka nokunciphisa izimpawu.

I-Anaphylaxis ingasongela impilo ngaphandle kokwelashwa ngokushesha. Izimpawu zivame ukuba ngcono ngokwelashwa okulungile, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukwenza ngokushesha.

Ngaphandle kokwelashwa okusheshayo, i-anaphylaxis ingaholela ku:

• Indlela yomoya evinjiwe
• Ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo (akukho ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusebenzayo)
• Ukuboshwa kokuphefumula (akukho ukuphefumula)
• Ukushaqeka

Shayela ku-911 noma inombolo ephuthumayo yendawo uma wena noma umuntu omaziyo eba nezimpawu ezinzima ze-anaphylaxis. Noma, iya egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo eliseduze.

Ukuvimbela ukusabela okweqile kanye ne-anaphylaxis:

• Gwema izimbangela ezifana nokudla nemithi edale ukusabela okweqile esikhathini esedlule. Buza imibuzo eningiliziwe mayelana nezithako lapho udla ekhaya. Futhi hlola ngokucophelela amalebula ezithako.
• Uma unengane engezwani nokudla okuthile, yethula ukudla okusha okukodwa ngesikhathi ngamanani amancane ukuze ukwazi ukubona ukusabela okweqile.
• Abantu abaziyo ukuthi babe nokungezwani komzimba okubucayi kufanele bagqoke umaki we-ID yezokwelapha.
• Uma unomlando wokungazwani okweqile, phatha imishanguzo ephuthumayo (njenge-antihistamine ehlafunwayo ne-epinephrine ejojoweyo noma isitifiketi sezinyosi) ngokwemiyalo yomhlinzeki wakho.
• Ungasebenzisi i-epinephrine yakho ejojowe komunye umuntu. Bangaba nesimo (njengenkinga yenhliziyo) engabhebhetheka yilesi sidakamizwa.

Ukusabela kwe-Anaphylactic; Ukushaqeka kwe-anaphylactic; Ukushaqeka - i-anaphylactic; Ukusabela okweqile - i-anaphylaxis

• Ukushaqeka
• Ukusabela okweqile
• I-Anaphylaxis
• Isifuba
• Ukungezwani kokudla
• Ukulunywa yizinambuzane kanye nokungezwani komzimba
• Ukungezwani komzimba nemithi
• Amasosha omzimba

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UDreskin SC, uStitt JM. I-Anaphylaxis. Ku: Burks AW, Holgate ST, O'Hehir RE, et al, ama-eds. Ukungezwani komzimba noMiddleton: Izimiso kanye Nokuzijwayeza. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 75.

UShaker MS, uWallace DV, uGolden DBK, et al. I-Anaphylaxis-ukubuyekezwa kwepharamitha ka-2020, ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile, kanye nokuHlelwa kwezincomo, Ukuhlola, Ukuthuthukiswa kanye Nokuhlaziywa (GRADE) ukuhlaziywa. J Ukungezwani komzimba ne-Immunol. 2020; 145 (4): 1082-1123. I-PMID: 32001253 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32001253/.

I-Schwartz LB. I-anaphylaxis ehlelekile, ukungezwani kokudla, kanye nokungezwani nezinambuzane. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 238.