Ingabe i-HIV idluliswa ngokuqabula? Okufanele Ukwazi

-Delile

• I-HIV ayidluliseki kanjani
• Ukuqabulana
• Ngomoya
• Ukuxhawulana
• Ukwabelana ngezindlu zangasese noma izindawo zokugeza
• Ukwabelana ngokudla noma iziphuzo
• Ngokujuluka
• Kusuka ezinambuzaneni noma ezifuywayo
• Ngamathe
• Umchamo
• Igazi elomile noma isidoda
• Idluliselwa kanjani i-HIV
• Okubalulekile

Ukubuka konke

Kunemibono eminingi eyiphutha mayelana nokuthi idluliswa kanjani i-HIV, ngakho-ke asilungise umlando.

I-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) igciwane elihlasela amasosha omzimba. I-HIV iyathathelana, kepha iningi lemisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke ayinabungozi bokudluliswa kwe-HIV.

Okuwuketshezi oluthile lomzimba - igazi, isidoda, uketshezi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane, uketshezi lwangemuva, nobisi lwebele - okungasabalalisa i-HIV. Ayikwazi ukuhanjiswa ngamathe, izithukuthuku, isikhumba, indle, noma umchamo.

Ngakho-ke, abukho ubungozi bokuthola i-HIV ekuxhumaneni nomphakathi okuvamile, njengokuqabulana komlomo, ukuxhawulana, ukuphuza iziphuzo, noma ukugona ngoba lezo ziketshezi zomzimba azishintshaniswa phakathi nale misebenzi.

Indlela ejwayelekile esatshalaliswa yi-HIV ngocansi, kufaka phakathi ucansi lomlomo nolwangemuva, olungavikelwe amakhondomu.

I-HIV nayo ingadluliselwa ngokwabelana ngezinaliti nangokusebenzisa igazi eliqukethe i-HIV.

Abantu abakhulelwe abane-HIV bangadlulisela igciwane ezinganeni zabo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, sokubeletha, nokuncelisa. Kodwa abantu abaningi abaphila ne-HIV bayakwazi ukuba nezingane ezinempilo, ezingenayo i-HIV ngokuthola ukunakekelwa okuhle ngaphambi kokubeletha.

I-HIV ayidluliseki kanjani

I-HIV ayifani negciwane elibandayo noma lomkhuhlane. Kungadluliselwa kuphela lapho uketshezi oluthile oluvela kumuntu one-HIV ludlulela ngqo egazini noma ngolwelwesi lwamafinyila lomuntu ongenayo i-HIV.

Izinyembezi, amathe, umjuluko, nokuxhumana okungajwayelekile kwesikhumba nesikhumba akukwazi ukudlulisela i-HIV.

Asikho futhi isidingo sokwesaba ukuthola i-HIV kunoma yikuphi okulandelayo.

Ukuqabulana

I-sali ithwala iminonjana yamagciwane, kepha lokhu akubhekwa njengokuyingozi. Amathe aqukethe ama-enzyme adiliza igciwane ngaphambi kokuba lithole ithuba lokusabalala. Ukuqabulana, noma "ukwanga kwesiFulentshi" noma ukuvuleka komlomo, ngeke kudlulise i-HIV.

Igazi, nokho, liphethe i-HIV. Esimweni esingajwayelekile lapho umuntu one-HIV enegazi emlonyeni wakhe - futhi umuntu owanga umlomo ovulekile unenxeba elopha ngomlomo nasemlonyeni (njengezinsini ezophayo, ukusikeka, noma izilonda ezivulekile) - okuvulekile- ukuqabula umlomo kungaholela ekudlulisweni kwegciwane. Kodwa-ke, kukhona kuphela lokhu okwenzekayo, okubikwe ngawo-1990.

Ngomoya

I-HIV ayisabalali emoyeni njengegciwane elibandayo noma lomkhuhlane. Ngakho-ke, i-HIV ayikwazi ukudluliswa uma umuntu one-HIV ethimula, ekhwehlela, ehleka, noma ephefumulela eduzane.

Ukuxhawulana

Igciwane le-HIV alihlali esikhunjeni somuntu one-HIV futhi alikwazi ukuphila isikhathi eside ngaphandle komzimba. Ukuxhawula isandla somuntu one-HIV ngeke kusabalalise leli gciwane.

Ukwabelana ngezindlu zangasese noma izindawo zokugeza

I-HIV ayisabalaliswa ngomchamo noma indle, umjuluko, noma isikhumba. Ukwabelana ngendlu yangasese noma ukugeza nomuntu one-HIV akunayo ingozi yokudluliswa. Ukwabelana ngamachibi okubhukuda, ama-sauna, noma ama-tubs ashisayo nomuntu one-HIV nakho kuphephile.

Ukwabelana ngokudla noma iziphuzo

Njengoba i-HIV ingasakazwa ngamathe, ukwabelana ngokudla noma iziphuzo, kufaka phakathi imithombo yamanzi, ngeke kusabalalise leli gciwane. Noma ngabe ukudla kunegazi eliqukethe i-HIV, ukuvezwa umoya, amathe, ne-asidi esiswini kungaliqeda leli gciwane ngaphambi kokuthi lidluliselwe.

Ngokujuluka

Umjuluko awudlulisi i-HIV. I-HIV ayikwazi ukudluliswa ngokuthinta isikhumba noma izithukuthuku zomuntu one-HIV noma ngokwabelana ngezinto zokuzivocavoca umzimba.

Kusuka ezinambuzaneni noma ezifuywayo

I- “H” e-HIV imele “umuntu.” Omiyane nezinye izinambuzane ezilumayo azikwazi ukusabalalisa i-HIV. Ukulunywa okuvela kwezinye izilwane, njengenja, ikati, noma inyoka, nakho akukwazi ukudlulisa igciwane.

Ngamathe

Uma umuntu one-HIV ekhafula ukudla noma isiphuzo, ayikho ingozi yokuthola i-HIV ngoba amathe awalidlulisi leli gciwane.

Umchamo

I-HIV ayikwazi ukudluliswa ngomchamo. Ukwabelana ngendlu yangasese noma ukuthintana nomchamo womuntu one-HIV akubeki engcupheni yokudluliswa.

Igazi elomile noma isidoda

I-HIV ayikwazi ukuphila isikhathi eside ngaphandle komzimba. Uma kukhona ukuxhumana negazi (noma olunye uketshezi lomzimba) olomile noma obelungaphandle komzimba isikhashana, ayikho ingozi yokudluliswa.

Idluliselwa kanjani i-HIV

Umuntu ophila negciwane lesandulela ngculaza angalidlulisela kuphela leli gciwane ngokusebenzisa uketshezi oluthile lomzimba uma enesilinganiso segciwane elibonakalayo. Lezi ziketshezi zihlanganisa:

• igazi
• isidoda
• uketshezi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane
• uketshezi lwangemuva
• ubisi lwebele

Ukuze ukudluliswa kwegciwane kwenzeke, lolu ketshezi kufanele-ke luxhumane nolwelwesi lwamafinyila (njengesitho sowesifazane sangasese, ipipi, i-rectum, noma umlomo), ukusika noma ukulimala, noma ukujojelwa ngqo egazini.

Isikhathi esiningi, i-HIV isakazeka ngale misebenzi elandelayo:

• ukuya ocansini kwangasese noma esithweni sangasese nomuntu one-HIV ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ikhondomu noma ukuphuza imishanguzo yokuvikela ukudluliswa kwe-HIV
• ukwabelana izinaliti noma imishini yokwabelana esetshenziselwa ukulungiselela izidakamizwa zomjovo nomuntu one-HIV

I-HIV nayo ingasakazeka ngalezi zindlela, kepha akuvamile:

• ngomuntu one-HIV odlulisela leli gciwane enganeni yakhe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, sokubeletha, nokuncelisa (noma kunjalo, abantu abaningi abaphila ne-HIV bayakwazi ukuba nezingane ezinempilo, ezingenayo i-HIV ngokuthola ukunakekelwa okuhle ngaphambi kokubeletha; lokho kunakekelwa kubandakanya ukuhlolwa I-HIV nokuqala ukwelashwa nge-HIV, uma kudingeka)
• ngengozi ukubambeka ngenaliti engcoliswe yi-HIV

Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, i-HIV ingadluliselwa ngezindlela ezilandelayo:

• ucansi lomlomo, uma umuntu one-HIV ejolela emlonyeni womlingani wakhe futhi umlingani esikekile noma enesilonda
• ukufakelwa igazi noma ukufakelwa isitho somzimba okuqukethe i-HIV (ithuba lokuthi lokhu kwenzeke manje alivamile kakhulu - lingaphansi kuka - ngoba igazi nezitho / izicubu kuhlolwe kahle izifo)
• ukudla okulungiselelwe kusengaphambili (okungaphambi kwesikhathi) komuntu ophila negciwane lesandulela ngculaza, kepha kuphela uma igazi eliphuma emlonyeni womuntu lixubana nokudla ngenkathi lihlafunwa futhi umuntu owamukela ukudla okuhlafunwayo unesilonda esivulekile emlonyeni wakhe (ukuphela kwemibiko yalokhu bekulokhu kuphakathi; ayikho imibiko yalolu hlobo lokudlulisela phakathi kwabantu abadala)
• ukuluma, uma umuntu one-HIV eluma futhi ephuka isikhumba, kubangele ukulimala okukhulu kwezicubu (kubhalwe amacala ambalwa kuphela alokhu)
• igazi eliqukethe i-HIV lihlangana nesilonda noma indawo yesikhumba esiphukile
• kokunye, uma bobabili abalingani benezinsini ezopha noma izilonda (kulokhu, igciwane lidluliselwa ngegazi, hhayi amathe)
• ukwabelana ngemishini ye-tattoo ngaphandle kokuyifaka inzalo phakathi kokusetshenziswa (kukhona cha amacala aziwayo e-United States anoma ngubani othola i-HIV ngale ndlela)

Okubalulekile

Ukuba nokuqonda okungcono ngokudluliswa kwe-HIV akuvimbeli ukusabalala kwe-HIV kuphela, kepha futhi kuvimbela ukusabalala kolwazi okungelona. I-HIV ayikwazi ukusakazwa ngokuxhumana okungajwayelekile njengokuqabulana, ukuxhawulana, ukugonana, noma ukwabelana ngokudla noma isiphuzo (inqobo nje uma bobabili abantu bengenawo amanxeba avulekile).

Ngisho nangesikhathi socansi lwendunu noma lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane, ukusebenzisa ikhondomu ngendlela efanele kuzovimbela i-HIV ukuthi isabalale ngoba igciwane alikwazi ukuhamba nge-latex yekhondomu.

Yize lungekho ikhambi le-HIV, ukuthuthuka emithini ye-HIV kwehle kakhulu amathuba okuthi umuntu ophila ne-HIV adlulisele leli gciwane komunye umuntu.

Uma ukhathazekile ngokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi wahlanganyela uketshezi lomzimba nomuntu ophila negciwane lesandulela ngculaza, buza umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo mayelana ne-post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). I-PEP ingavimba igciwane ekubeni igciwane. Kumele kuthathwe kungakapheli amahora angama-72 wokuxhumana ukuze kusebenze.