Okubomvu noma Okumhlophe: Luhlobo Luni Lenyama Inyama Yengulube?

-Delile

• Umehluko phakathi kwenyama ebomvu nemhlophe
• Ukuhlukaniswa kwesayensi yengulube
• Ukuhlukaniswa okuphekiwe kwengulube
• Okubalulekile

Ingulube iyinyama esetshenziswe kakhulu emhlabeni (1).

Kodwa-ke, yize kuthandwa emhlabeni wonke, abantu abaningi abaqiniseki ngokuhlukaniswa kwayo okulungile.

Lokho kungenxa yokuthi abanye bayibeka njengenyama ebomvu, kanti abanye bayithatha njengenyama emhlophe.

Lo mbhalo uhlola ukuthi ingulube inyama emhlophe noma ebomvu.

Umehluko phakathi kwenyama ebomvu nemhlophe

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kombala wenyama ebomvu nomhlophe inani le-myoglobin etholakala emisipheni yesilwane.

I-Myoglobin yiprotheni ezicutshini zemisipha ezibopha umoya-mpilo ukuze isetshenziselwe amandla.

Encwadini yenyama, i-myoglobin iba yisakhi sombala esiyinhloko esibhekele umbala wayo, njengoba ikhiqiza ithoni ebomvu ngokugqamile lapho ihlangana nomoya-mpilo (, 3).

Inyama ebomvu inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-myoglobin kunenyama emhlophe, okuyiyona ebeka imibala yayo ngaphandle.

Kodwa-ke, izinto ezahlukahlukene zingathinta umbala wenyama, njengobudala besilwane, izinhlobo, ubulili, ukudla, nezinga lomsebenzi (3).

Isibonelo, imisipha evivinya umzimba ine-myoglobin ephakeme kakhulu ngoba idinga i-oxygen eyengeziwe ukuze isebenze. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inyama eqhamuka kubo izoba mnyama.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlela zokupakisha nezokucubungula zingaholela ekwehlukaneni kombala wenyama (, 3).

Umbala ongaphezulu obonakalayo wenyama eluhlaza kusuka enkomeni yenkomo, iwundlu, ingulube, kanye ne-veal kufanele kube obomvu obomvu, obomvu obomvu obomvu, obomvana-obomvana nobomvana obuphaphathekile, ngokulandelana. Ngokuqondene nezinkukhu eziluhlaza, zingahluka kusuka kokumhlophe okwesibhakabhaka nokumhlophe (3).

I-Myoglobin iyiprotheni ebhekele umbala obomvu wenyama, futhi iyinto esemqoka lapho kuhlukaniswa inyama ebomvu nebamhlophe. Inyama ebomvu ine-myoglobin eningi kunenyama emhlophe.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwesayensi yengulube

Ngokusho komphakathi wesayensi nabaphathi bezokudla, njengoMnyango Wezolimo wase-United States (USDA), inyama yengulube ibhekwa njengenyama ebomvu (1).

Kunezizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko zalokhu kuhlukaniswa.

Okokuqala, ingulube ine-myoglobin eningi kunezinkukhu nezinhlanzi. Ngenxa yalokho, ihlukaniswa njengenyama ebomvu yize ingenawo umbala obomvu ogqamile - futhi noma ngabe ilula uma iphekiwe.

Okwesibili, njengoba izingulube ziyizilwane zasemapulazini, ingulube ihlukaniswa njengemfuyo kanye nenyama yenkomo, iwundlu kanye ne-veal, futhi yonke imfuyo ibhekwa njengenyama ebomvu.

Ingulube ine-myoglobin eningi kunezinkukhu nezinhlanzi. Ngakho-ke, umphakathi wesayensi kanye neziphathimandla zokudla njenge-USDA bayibeka njengenyama ebomvu. Futhi, unikezwe ukuhlukaniswa kwezingulube njengemfuyo kanye nezinye izilwane zasemapulazini, ingulube ibhekwa njengenyama ebomvu.

Ukuhlukaniswa okuphekiwe kwengulube

Ngokwesiko lokupheka, igama elithi inyama emhlophe lisho inyama enombala ophaphathekile ngaphambi nangemva kokupheka.

Ngakho-ke, ukukhuluma ngengulube, inyama yengulube ihlukaniswa njengenyama emhlophe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhankaso owethulwe yiNational Pork Board - uhlelo oluxhaswe insizakalo yezentengiso yezolimo ye-USDA - kungenzeka ukuthi yaqinisa lesi sikhundla (4).

Lo mkhankaso waqala ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1980 njengomzamo wokuqhakambisa ingulube njengenyama engenamafutha, futhi yathandwa kakhulu ngesiqubulo esithi, “Ingulube. Enye inyama emhlophe. ”

Kodwa-ke, khumbula ukuthi inhloso yomkhankaso kwakuwukukhuphula isidingo sabathengi sokusikwa kwamafutha okuphansi kwengulube.

Isiko lokupheka libeka ingulube njengenyama emhlophe ngenxa yombala wayo okhanyayo, ngaphambi nangemva kokupheka.

Okubalulekile

Inyama emhlophe nebomvu yehlukile kunani layo le-myoglobin, iphrotheni elibhekele umbala wenyama.

Inyama ebomvu ine-myoglobin eningi kunenyama emhlophe, futhi okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-myoglobin kukhiqiza umbala wenyama omnyama.

Yize isiko lokupheka liphatha ingulube njengenyama emhlophe, inyama ebomvu ngokwesayensi, njengoba ine-myoglobin eningi kunezinkukhu nezinhlanzi.

Ngokwengeziwe, njengesilwane sasepulazini, ingulube ihlukaniswa njengemfuyo, nayo ethathwa njengenyama ebomvu.

Okunye ukusikwa kwengulube okunamafutha kufana nokudla kwenkukhu ngokudla okunomsoco, okuholela esiqubeni esithi, “Ingulube. Enye inyama emhlophe. ”