Ingabe Izakhi zofuzo Zingayandisa Ingozi Yakho Yomdlavuza Wesikhumba?

-Delile

• Yiziphi izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza wesikhumba?
• I-Keratinocyte carcinoma
• I-Melanoma
• Iyiphi indima edlalwa izakhi zofuzo kumdlavuza wesikhumba?
• Ezinye izinto ezizuzwe njengefa
• Yini enye engakhuphula ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wesikhumba?
• Yiziphi izinyathelo ongazithatha ukuze uzivikele?
• Okubalulekile

Izakhi zofuzo zinquma konke kusuka kumbala wamehlo akho nokuphakama kuya ezinhlotsheni zokudla othanda ukukudla.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zici ezikwenza ube yilokho, i-genetics ngeshwa nayo ingadlala indima ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezifo, kufaka phakathi umdlavuza wesikhumba.

Yize kuyiqiniso ukuthi izici zemvelo njengokuchayeka elangeni yizona eziyimbangela enkulu, izakhi zofuzo nazo zingaba yingozi yokuthola umdlavuza wesikhumba.

Yiziphi izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza wesikhumba?

Umdlavuza wesikhumba udilizwa ngokuya ngohlobo lwamaseli wesikhumba athintekayo. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza wesikhumba yilezi:

I-Keratinocyte carcinoma

I-Keratinocyte carcinoma uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wesikhumba, futhi lungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili:

• I-Basal cell carcinoma ihlanganisa cishe amaphesenti angama-80 omdlavuza wesikhumba. Ithinta amaseli we-basal, atholakala engxenyeni engaphandle yesikhumba (i-epidermis). Lolu uhlobo olunolaka oluncane lomdlavuza wesikhumba.
• I-squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) ithinta abantu ababalelwa ku-700,000 e-United States unyaka nonyaka. Iqala kumaseli abucayi, atholakala ku-epidermis ngenhla kwamaseli ayisisekelo.

Umdlavuza wesikhumba oyisisekelo nowe-squamous kungenzeka ukuthi ukhule ezindaweni ezisemzimbeni wakho ezivame ukuvezwa yilanga, njengekhanda nentamo yakho.

Ngenkathi zingasakazeka kwezinye izindawo zomzimba wakho, mancane amathuba okuthi zenze kanjalo, ikakhulukazi uma zibanjiwe futhi zilashwa kusenesikhathi.

I-Melanoma

I-Melanoma wuhlobo lomdlavuza wesikhumba olungajwayelekile kakhulu, kodwa lunolaka kakhulu.

Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza wesikhumba luthinta amaseli abizwa ngokuthi ama-melanocyte, anika isikhumba sakho umbala wawo. I-Melanoma inamathuba amaningi okusabalala kwezinye izindawo zomzimba wakho uma ingabanjwa futhi yelashwe kusenesikhathi.

Ezinye izinhlobo ezingandile zomdlavuza wesikhumba zifaka:

• i-T-cell lymphoma enqamulelayo
• i-dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP)
• I-Merkel cell carcinoma
• i-sebaceous carcinoma

Iyiphi indima edlalwa izakhi zofuzo kumdlavuza wesikhumba?

Yize sazi ukuthi ukuvezwa yimisebe ye-ultraviolet (UV) evela elangeni nasemibhedeni yokushuka kwandisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wesikhumba, i-genetics yakho, noma umlando womndeni, nakho kungaba yisici sokuthuthukisa izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza wesikhumba.

Ngokusho kweSkin Cancer Foundation, cishe amaphesenti ayishumi abo bonke abantu abatholakala ukuthi bane-melanoma banelungu lomndeni elike laba ne-melanoma esikhathini esithile sokuphila kwabo.

Ngakho-ke uma esinye sezihlobo zakho eziseduze, njengomzali, udadewenu, noma umfowenu, sibe ne-melanoma, usengozini eyengeziwe.

Ukwengeza, uma unomlando womndeni we-melanoma futhi unezimvukuzane eziningi ezingajwayelekile, usengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa lolu hlobo lomdlavuza.

Izimvukuzane ezibhekwa njengokungajwayelekile noma ezingajwayelekile ziba nesici esisodwa noma eziningi ezilandelayo:

• i-asymmetrical (uhlangothi olulodwa luhlukile kolunye)
• umngcele ongajwayelekile noma omangele
• imvukuzane inemibala ehlukene nsundu, e-tan, ebomvu, noma emnyama
• imvukuzane ingaphezu kuka-1/4 intshi ububanzi
• imvukuzane ishintshe usayizi, ukuma, umbala, noma ukushuba

Ukuhlanganiswa kwezimvukuzane ezingavamile kanye nomlando womndeni womdlavuza wesikhumba kwaziwa njenge-atopical multiple mole melanoma syndrome (FAMMM).

Abantu abane-FAMMM syndrome banamathuba aphindwe izikhathi eziyi-17.3 okuthuthukisa i-melanoma uma iqhathaniswa nabantu abangenayo le syndrome.

Abaphenyi bathole nokuthi izinhlobo ezithile zofuzo ezinesici zingazuzwa njengefa. Lokhu kungakhuphula ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wesikhumba.

Ngokwe-Skin Cancer Foundation, ushintsho lwe-DNA kuzakhi zofuzo ezicindezela i-tumor, njenge-CDKN2A ne-BAP1, zingakhuphula ubungozi be-melanoma.

Uma lezi zofuzo zonakaliswa yimisebe ye-ultraviolet, zingayeka ukwenza umsebenzi wazo wokulawula ukukhula kwamaseli. Lokhu nakho kungakhuphula ubungozi bamangqamuzana anomdlavuza akhula esikhunjeni.

Ezinye izinto ezizuzwe njengefa

Wake wezwa ukuthi abantu abalungile noma abanebala elikhanyayo basengozini enkulu yomdlavuza wesikhumba? Lokhu kuyiqiniso, futhi kungenxa yezici zomzimba ozizuza njengefa kubazali bakho.

Abantu abazalwa benalezi zici ezilandelayo basengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza wesikhumba ngesikhathi esithile ngesikhathi sokuphila kwabo:

• isikhumba esifanelekile esimpintsha kalula
• izinwele ezimhlophe noma ezibomvu
• amehlo anombala okhanyayo

Yini enye engakhuphula ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wesikhumba?

Imidlavuza eminingi idalwa inhlanganisela yezakhi zofuzo nezemvelo. Yize izakhi zakho zofuzo zingabamba iqhaza ekwenzeni ukuthi uthambekele kalula kumdlavuza wesikhumba, imvelo idlala indima enkulu.

Ukuchayeka emisebeni ye-ultraviolet (UV) evela elangeni kuyimbangela eyinhloko yomdlavuza wesikhumba. Imibhede yokushuka, amadokodo nezibani zelanga nakho kukhiqiza imisebe ye-UV engaba yingozi efanayo esikhunjeni sakho.

Ngokusho kweNational Human Genome Research Institute, umdlavuza wesikhumba uhlobene nokuchayeka kwakho empilweni yakho emisebeni ye-UV.

Yingakho noma ilanga lingalimaza isikhumba sakho kusukela ebuncaneni, amacala amaningi omdlavuza wesikhumba avela kuphela ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala engama-50.

Imisebe ye-UV evela elangeni ingashintsha noma ilimaze ukwakheka kwe-DNA kwamaseli akho esikhumba, kubangele ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza akhule futhi ande.

Abantu abahlala ezindaweni ezinelanga ezithola imisebe ephezulu ye-UV elangeni basengozini enkulu yomdlavuza wesikhumba.

Yiziphi izinyathelo ongazithatha ukuze uzivikele?

Noma ungekho esigabeni esinobungozi kakhulu somdlavuza wesikhumba, kusabalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvikela isikhumba sakho ekulimaleni kwelanga.

Uma umdlavuza wesikhumba ugijima emndenini wakho, noma uma unesikhumba esifanele, kufanele unakekele kakhulu ukuzivikela elangeni.

Kungakhathaleki ukuthi ubungozi bakho, nazi ezinye izinyathelo okufanele uzithathe:

• Sebenzisa isivikelo selanga esibanzi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-sunscreen inamandla okuvimba imisebe ye-UVA ne-UVB.
• Sebenzisa i-sunscreen ene-SPF ephezulu. I-American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) incoma i-SPF engama-30 noma ngaphezulu.
• Phinda ufake i-sunscreen njalo. Faka isicelo njalo emahoreni ama-2 noma kaningi uma ujuluka, ubhukuda noma uzivocavoca umzimba.
• Nciphisa ukuvezwa kwakho elangeni eliqondile. Hlala emthunzini uma ungaphandle, ikakhulukazi phakathi kuka-10 ekuseni no-3 ntambama, lapho imisebe yelanga ye-UV iqine kakhulu.
• Thwala isigqoko. Isigqoko esinomphetho obanzi singanikeza ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe ekhanda lakho, ebusweni, ezindlebeni nasentanyeni.
• Vala. Izingubo zingavikela emisebeni yelanga eyonakalisayo. Gqoka izingubo ezilula, ezingakulingani ezivumela isikhumba sakho ukuba siphefumule.
• Thola ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba njalo. Yenza isikhumba sakho sihlolwe minyaka yonke ngudokotela noma udokotela wesikhumba. Yazisa udokotela wakho uma unomlando womndeni we-melanoma noma eminye imidlavuza yesikhumba.

Okubalulekile

Umdlavuza wesikhumba uvame ukubangelwa inhlanganisela yezici zemvelo nezofuzo.

Uma unelungu lomndeni elitholwe linomdlavuza wesikhumba ngesikhathi esithile empilweni yalo, ungahle ube sengozini eyengeziwe yalolu hlobo lomdlavuza.

Noma ukuguqulwa okuthile kwezakhi zofuzo kungakhulisa ubungozi bakho, ukuvezwa yimisebe yelanga noma emibhedeni yokushuka kuseseyingozi enkulu yomdlavuza wesikhumba.

Ungayinciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wesikhumba ngokuthatha izinyathelo zokuzivikela emisebeni yelanga.

Lokhu kufaka:

• ukugqoka nokufaka kabusha i-sunscreen ebanzi ebanzi kaningi
• ukumboza izindawo zesikhumba sakho ezingavezwa yilanga
• ukuthola ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wesikhumba njalo