Ischemia yenhliziyo: kuyini, izimpawu eziyinhloko nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izinhlobo ze-ischemia yenhliziyo
• Yelashwa kanjani
• Izimpawu ze-ischemia yenhliziyo
• Izimbangela ze-ischemia yenhliziyo
• Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani

Ischemia yenhliziyo, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-myocardial noma i-myocardial ischemia, ibonakala ngokuncipha kokugeleza kwegazi ngemithambo yegazi, okuyizitsha ezihambisa igazi liye enhliziyweni. Imvamisa kubangelwa ubukhona bezingqimba ezinamafutha ngaphakathi, okuthi, uma zingelashwa kahle, ziqhekeke futhi zivale umkhumbi, kubangele ubuhlungu nokwandisa amathuba okuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo.

Ukwelashwa kwayo kwenziwa ngemithi yokwenza ngcono ukugeleza kwegazi lale mithambo, ebekwe ngudokotela wenhliziyo, njenge-metoprolol, simvastatin ne-AAS, ngokwesibonelo, ngaphezu kokulawula i-cholesterol nosawoti ekudleni nokwenza umsebenzi womzimba.

Izinhlobo ze-ischemia yenhliziyo

Ukuvinjelwa kwegazi leCoronary kungenzeka ngezindlela ezihlukile:

• Angina ozinzile: luhlobo lwe-ischemia elingapheli, kepha oludlulayo, ngoba ubuhlungu besifuba buvela lapho umuntu enza umzamo othile, ehlushwa ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo noma ngemuva kokudla, futhi athuthuke emizuzwini embalwa noma lapho ephumula. Uma ishiywe ingalashwa, ingaba yisifo senhliziyo ngokuzayo.
• I-angina engazinzile: futhi luhlobo lwe-ischemia engalapheki, kepha ubuhlungu besifuba bungavela noma kunini, buhlala imizuzu engaphezu kwengu-20, abuthuthuki ngokuphumula, futhi, uma bungelashwa ngokushesha, buzoba yisifo senhliziyo. Ukuqonda kangcono ukuthi yini i-angina, izimbangela zayo nokuthi ungayelapha kanjani.
• I-infarction ye-myocardial enamandla: i-infarction ingenzeka ngemuva kokuguqulwa kwe-angina, noma kungazuma, kuvele ngaphandle kwesixwayiso sangaphambilini. Kubonakala ngobuhlungu obukhulu noma ngokushisa esifubeni, okungathuthuki, futhi kufanele kulashwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo. Funda ukuthi ungasibona kanjani isifo senhliziyo.
• I-ischemia ethule: ukwehla kokugeleza kwegazi emithanjeni ye-coronary okungazibangeli izimpawu, ukutholakala kaningi ezivivinyweni ezijwayelekile, futhi kubanga ingozi enkulu yokuthuthukela ekuhlaselweni yinhliziyo noma ekuboshweni kwenhliziyo okungazelelwe.

Lezi zinhlobo ze-ischemia zidala ukukhubazeka okukhulu kwempilo yenhliziyo, ngakho-ke kufanele zitholwe futhi ziphathwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, zombili ngokwenza ukuhlolwa minyaka yonke, kanye nokufuna ukunakekelwa ngudokotela ojwayelekile noma udokotela wenhliziyo noma nini lapho kuvela izimpawu zobuhlungu. esifubeni.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelashwa kwe-ischemia yenhliziyo kungenziwa kusetshenziswa imithi ye:

• Nciphisa ukushaya kwenhliziyo, njengepropranolol, i-atenolol noma i-metoprolol;
• Lawula amazinga omfutho wegazi, njenge-enalapril, i-captopril noma i-losartan;
• Nciphisa amapuleti okugcoba, njenge-simvastatin ne-atorvastatin;
• Nciphisa ukwakheka kwamahlule egazi, njenge-AAS noma i-clopidogrel, yokonakala kwamapuleti anamafutha;
• Hlanganisa izitsha zenhliziyo, njenge-isordil ne-monocordil.

Le mithi kufanele isetshenziswe kuphela ngaphansi kokuqondiswa okuqinile kusuka kudokotela wenhliziyo. Kufanele futhi ulawule izifo ezifana ne-cholesterol ephezulu, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukubhema, ukungasebenzi, isifo sikashukela, ukuphefumula ubuthongo nokuhlaselwa ukukhathazeka, ngoba kungakhulisa ubungozi be-ischemia yenhliziyo.

Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, lapho ukusetshenziswa kwemithi kunganele, udokotela wenhliziyo angancoma ukuhlinzwa, okuyindlela ebucayi lapho isiguli singangeniswa esibhedlela izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-4 futhi kufanele silashwe ngokomzimba sisese isibhedlela sokulungisa isimo. Udokotela anga-oda, ngokwesibonelo, i-angioplasty ngokufaka noma ngaphandle kokubekwa komthambo we-stent noma we-coronary bypass graft, okungukushintshwa kwe-coronary yi-saphenous vein, ngokwesibonelo. Qonda ukuthi ukwenziwa ngokudlula eceleni kwenziwa kanjani.

Izimpawu ze-ischemia yenhliziyo

Izimpawu ze-ischemia yenhliziyo kungaba:

• Ubuhlungu noma ukushisa esifubeni okungakhipha emuva entanyeni, esilevini, emahlombe noma ezingalweni;
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo;
• Ukucindezela esifubeni;
• Ukuphefumula okuncane noma ubunzima bokuphefumula;
• I-nausea, umjuluko obandayo, i-pallor kanye ne-malaise;

Kodwa-ke, i-ischemia yenhliziyo ingahle ingakhombisi zimpawu futhi itholakala kuphela ekuhlolweni okujwayelekile noma lapho yenza isifo senhliziyo. Bona ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu eziyi-12 ezingakhombisa izinkinga zenhliziyo.

Izimbangela ze-ischemia yenhliziyo

Imbangela enkulu ye-ischemia yenhliziyo i-atherosclerosis, okuwukuqoqwa kwamafutha ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi, ngenxa yomphumela wesikhathi eside we-cholesterol ephezulu, ushukela ophakeme, ukungasebenzi komzimba, ukubhema nokukhuluphala.

Kodwa-ke, ezinye izifo zingaholela ku-ischemia yenhliziyo, njenge-lupus, isifo sikashukela, i-coronary embolism, i-syphilis, i-aortic stenosis, i-coronary spasm, i-hyperthyroidism enamandla kakhulu nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezifana ne-cocaine ne-amphetamines.

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani

Ukuhlonza ubukhona be-ischemia enhliziyweni, ezinye izivivinyo zingenziwa, okufanele zicelwe ngudokotela ojwayelekile noma udokotela wenhliziyo, onjenge:

• I-Electrocardiogram;
• Ukuvivinya umzimba noma ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi;
• I-Echocardiogram;
• I-scintigraphy ye-myocardial.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwenziwa ukukhomba ubukhona bezinguquko ezidala ingozi enhliziyweni, njenge-cholesterol, i-glucose yegazi, i-triglycerides nokusebenza kwezinso, ngokwesibonelo. Lapho kusolwa ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola amazinga enzyme yenhliziyo nakho kungasiza ngokuqinisekisa. Thola ukuthi iziphi izivivinyo eziceliwe ukuhlola inhliziyo.

Ukuhlolwa ngakunye oku-odwa kuya ngezimpawu ezethulwe ngumuntu, futhi, uma kusenokungabaza, udokotela wenhliziyo angacela i-catheterization yenhliziyo ukuqinisekisa ubukhona be-ischemia yenhliziyo. Yazi ukuthi yenzelwe ini, ukuthi yenziwa kanjani kanye nezingozi ze-catheterization yenhliziyo.