Ivermectin: yenzelwe ini nokuthi uyisebenzisa kanjani

-Delile

• Yenzelwe ini
• Isetshenziswa kanjani
• 1. I-Strongyloidiasis, i-filariasis, izintwala kanye notwayi
• 2. I-Onchocerciasis
• Imiphumela emibi engaba khona
• Ubani okungafanele athathe
• Ivermectin ne-COVID-19
• Ekwelapheni i-COVID-19
• Ekuvinjelweni kwe-COVID-19

Ivermectin ikhambi elwa nokulwa nezilonda elikwazi ukukhubaza futhi likhuthaze ukuqedwa kwama-parasites amaningi, ekhonjiswa ikakhulu ngudokotela ekwelapheni i-onchocerciasis, elephantiasis, pediculosis, ascariasis kanye notwayi.

Leli khambi likhonjiswa abantu abadala nezingane ezingaphezu kweminyaka emihlanu futhi lingatholakala emakhemisi, kubalulekile ukubonisana nodokotela maqondana nokusetshenziswa kwalo, ngoba umthamo ungahluka ngokuya nge-ejenti elithathelwanayo elizolashwa kanye nesisindo somuntu othintekile. .

Yenzelwe ini

Ivermectin imithi elwa namagciwane ekhonjiswe kakhulu ekwelapheni izifo eziningana, njenge:

• I-strongyloidiasis yamathumbu;
• I-Filariasis, edume kakhulu nge-elephantiasis;
• Utwayi, olubizwa nangokuthi utwayi;
• I-Ascariasis, okutheleleka ngamagciwane I-Ascaris lumbricoides;
• I-Pediculosis, okutheleleka ngezintwala;
• I-Onchocerciasis, edume kakhulu ngokuthi "ukungaboni emfuleni".

Kubalulekile ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-ivermectin kwenziwe ngokuyalelwa ngudokotela, ngoba kungenzeka kanjalo ukuvimbela ukuvela kwemiphumela emibi efana nohudo, ukukhathala, ubuhlungu besisu, ukwehla kwesisindo, ukuqunjelwa nokuhlanza. Kwezinye izimo, isiyezi, ukozela, isiyezi, ukundindizela nemifantu kungabonakala esikhunjeni.

Isetshenziswa kanjani

Ivermectin ivame ukusetshenziswa kumthamo owodwa ngokuya nge-ejenti elithathelwanayo okumele lisuswe. Isidakamizwa kufanele sithathwe esiswini esingenalutho, ihora elilodwa ngaphambi kokudla kokuqala kosuku. Akufanele ifakwe izidakamizwa ze-barbiturate, benzodiazepine noma i-valproic acid class.

1. I-Strongyloidiasis, i-filariasis, izintwala kanye notwayi

Ukwelapha i-strongyloidiasis, i-filariasis, ukutheleleka kwezintwala noma utwayi, umthamo onconywayo kufanele uguqulwe kusisindo sakho, ngokulandelayo:

2. I-Onchocerciasis

Ukwelapha i-onchocerciasis, umthamo onconyiwe, ngokuya ngesisindo, ungokulandelayo:

Imiphumela emibi engaba khona

Eminye yemiphumela emibi kakhulu engenzeka ngenkathi welashwa nge-ivermectin isifo sohudo, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ubuthakathaka obujwayelekile kanye nokuntuleka kwamandla, ubuhlungu besisu, ukungathandi ukudla noma ukuqunjelwa. Lokhu kuphendula kuvame ukuba mnene futhi kudlule isikhathi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwenzeka kokungezwani komzimba nakho kungenzeka, ikakhulukazi uma uthatha ivermectin ye-onchocerciasis, engabonakala ngezinhlungu zesisu, umkhuhlane, umzimba onwelayo, izindawo ezibomvu esikhunjeni, ukuvuvukala emehlweni noma amajwabu amehlo. Uma lezi zimpawu zivela, kungakuhle ukuthi uyeke ukusebenzisa umuthi futhi ufune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha noma igumbi labezimo eziphuthumayo eliseduze.

Ubani okungafanele athathe

Lo muthi uphikisana nabesifazane abakhulelwe, abesifazane abancelisayo, izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu noma i-15 kg neziguli ezine-meningitis noma i-asthma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akufanele futhi isetshenziswe kubantu abane-hypersensitivity to ivermectin noma ezinye izinto ezikhona kwifomula.

Ivermectin ne-COVID-19

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-ivermectin ngokumelene ne-COVID-19 kuxoxwe kabanzi emphakathini wesayensi, lokhu ngoba le antiparasitic inesenzo semishanguzo yokulwa negciwane elibhekane ne-yellow fever, i-ZIKA nodenga futhi, ngakho-ke, bekucatshangwa ukuthi kuzoba nomthelela AbakwaSARS- CoV-2.

Ekwelapheni i-COVID-19

Ivermectin ihlolwe ngabaphenyi e-Australia ngokwesiko leseli i-in vitro, okukhombise ukuthi le nto iyasebenza ekuqedeni igciwane le-SARS-CoV-2 emahoreni angama-48 kuphela ^[1] . Kodwa-ke, le miphumela ibinganele ukukhombisa ukusebenza kwayo kubantu, futhi izivivinyo zokwelashwa ziyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo kwangempela. ku-vivo, futhi uphinde unqume ukuthi ngabe umthamo wokwelashwa uphephile yini kubantu.

Ucwaningo lweziguli ezibhedlela eBangladesh^[2] kuhloswe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-ivermectin kuzovikeleka kulezi ziguli nokuthi kuzoba nomphumela obhekene ne-SARS-CoV-2. Ngakho-ke, lezi ziguli zithunyelwe kunqubo yokwelashwa yezinsuku ezinhlanu ene-ivermectin kuphela (12 mg) noma umthamo owodwa we-ivermectin (12 mg) ngokuhlangana nezinye izidakamizwa izinsuku ezi-4, futhi umphumela waqhathaniswa neqembu le-placebo eliqukethe Iziguli ezingama-72. Ngenxa yalokhu, abacwaningi bathola ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-ivermectin kukodwa kuphephile nokuthi kuyasebenza ekwelapheni i-COVID-19 emnene ezigulini zabantu abadala, noma kunjalo ezinye izifundo zizodingeka ukuqinisekisa le miphumela.

Olunye ucwaningo olwenziwe eNdiya lwaluhlose ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-ivermectin ngokuhogela kuzoba nomphumela wokulwa nokuvuvukala ngokumelene ne-COVID-19 ^[3], njengoba lo muthi unamandla okuphazamisa ukuthuthwa kwesakhiwo se-SARS-CoV-2 kuya ku-nucleus yamaseli womuntu, okuholele kumphumela we-antiviral. Kodwa-ke, lo mphumela uzokwenzeka kuphela ngemithamo ephezulu ye-ivermectin (ephakeme kunomthamo onconywayo wokwelashwa kwama-parasites), okungaholela emiphumeleni yobuthi besibindi. Ngakho-ke, njengenye indlela yemithamo ephezulu ye-ivermectin, abacwaningi baphakamise ukusetshenziswa kwalesi sidakamizwa ngokuhogela, okungaba nezinyathelo ezingcono ngokumelene ne-SARS-CoV-2, kodwa-ke le ndlela yokuphatha isadinga ukufundwa kangcono.

Funda kabanzi ngamakhambi okwelapha ukutheleleka nge-coronavirus entsha.

Ekuvinjelweni kwe-COVID-19

Ngaphezu kokufundwa kwe-ivermectin njengendlela yokwelashwa kwe-COVID-19, kwenziwe ezinye izifundo ngenhloso yokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwalesi sidakamizwa kuzosiza ukuvikela ukutheleleka.

Ucwaningo olwenziwe ngabaphenyi baseMelika luhlose ukuphenya ukuthi kungani i-COVID-19 inezigameko ezehlukene emazweni amaningi ^[5]. Ngenxa yalolu phenyo, bathole ukuthi amazwe ase-Afrika anezigameko eziphansi ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwemithi eningi, ikakhulukazi imishanguzo yokulwa nezifo, kubandakanya ivermectin, ngenxa yobungozi obukhulayo bezinambuzane kula mazwe.

Ngakho-ke, abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-ivermectin kunganciphisa izinga lokuphindaphindeka kwaleli gciwane futhi kuvimbele ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo, noma kunjalo lo mphumela ususelwa kuphela ekuxhumaneni, futhi azikho izivivinyo zokwelashwa ezenziwayo.

Olunye ucwaningo lubike ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwama-nanoparticles ahlobene ne-ivermectin kunganciphisa ukubonakaliswa kwama-receptors akhona kumaseli womuntu, i-ACE2, ebopha igciwane, kanye neprotheyini ekhona ebusweni begciwane, kunciphisa ubungozi bokutheleleka ^[6]. Kodwa-ke, kudingeka izifundo eziningi ze-vivo ukufakazela umphumela, kanye nezifundo ezinobuthi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-ivermectin nanoparticles kuphephile.

Mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwe-ivermectin ngokuvikela, azikho izifundo eziqinisekisayo okwamanje. Kodwa-ke, ukuze ivermectin isebenze ngokuvimbela noma ukunciphisa ukungena kwamagciwane kumaseli, kuyadingeka ukuthi kube nomthamo wegciwane, ngoba ngaleyo ndlela kungenzeka ukuthi kube nesenzo semithi elwa namagciwane yomuthi.