Konke Okudingeka Ukwazi Nge-Johnson & Johnson's COVID-19 Vaccine

-Delile

• Usebenza kanjani umuthi wokugomela i-Johnson & Johnson COVID-19?
• Usebenza kangakanani umuthi wokugoma kaJohnson & Johnson COVID-19?
• I-COVID-19 Enzima Nedatha Yokufa
• Okuhlukile kwe-COVID-19
• Udinga imithamo emingaki yomuthi wokugoma kaJohnson & Johnson COVID-19?
• Umuthi wokugoma kaJohnson & Johnson ukuthinta kanjani ukudluliswa kwe-COVID-19?
• Buyekeza kwe-

NgoFebhuwari 26, ikomidi lokweluleka ngokugoma le-FDA ngazwilinye lavotela ukuncoma umuthi wokugoma kaJohnson & Johnson we-COVID-19 wokusetshenziswa okuphuthumayo. Lokho kusho ukuthi umuthi wokugoma - odinga umthamo owodwa kuphela - ungakulungela ukusetshenziswa e-U.S. Ekupheleni kukaMashi, ngokusho kweCenter for Infectious Disease Research and Policy (CIDRAP).

Kodwa, uyasebenza kangakanani umgomo kaJohnson & Johnson we-COVID-19? Futhi iqhathaniswa kanjani neminye imigomo ye-COVID-19 evela ePfizer naseModerna? Nakhu okudingeka ukwazi.

Usebenza kanjani umuthi wokugomela i-Johnson & Johnson COVID-19?

Uma ujwayelene nemithi yokugoma i-COVID-19 eyenziwe yi-Pfizer neModerna, khona-ke mhlawumbe uyazi ukuthi yomibili imishanguzo ye-mRNA. Lokho kusho ukuthi basebenza ngokufaka ikhodi ingxenye ye-spike virus ye-SARS-CoV-2 (ingxenye yegciwane elinamathela kumaseli asemzimbeni wakho) nokusebenzisa lezo zingcezu ezifakwe ikhodi ukuqala ukuphendula komzimba emzimbeni wakho ukuze kudaleke. amasosha omzimba alwa negciwane. (Bheka: Usebenza Kangakanani Umgomo we-COVID-19?)

Umuthi wokugoma kaJohnson & Johnson usebenza ngokuhlukile. Okokuqala, akuwona umuthi wokugoma we-mRNA. Umuthi wokugomela i-adenovector, okusho ukuthi usebenzisa igciwane elingacushiwe (kulokhu, i-adenovirus, elibangela umkhuhlane) njenge-vector ukuletha amaprotheni (kulokhu, amaprotheni e-spike avela kwa-SARS-CoV-2) umzimba wakho ozowathola. ukubona njengosongo nokwakha amasosha omzimba alwa nawo, kusho uBrittany Busse, MD, ongumqondisi wezokwelapha e-WorkCare.

Manje, ungahle uzibuze ukuthi ngabe ukufaka "igciwane elingasebenzi" emzimbeni wakho kungakugulisa ungahlosile, kepha ngeke. “Igciwane elingasebenzi alinakuziphindaphinda noma likugulise,” kusho u-Abisola Olulade, M.D., udokotela oqinisekiswe ngamabhodi wezokwelapha emndenini eSharp Rees-Stealy Medical Group. Esikhundleni salokho, i-adenovirus emuthini wokugoma we-COVID-19 kaJohnson & Johnson umane usebenze njengophethe (noma "i-vector") yesakhi samaprotheni se-spike se-SARS-CoV-2 kumaseli akho, okwenza ukuthi amangqamuzana enze amakhophi aleyofuzo, uyachaza. Cabanga ngofuzo lwe-spike protein njengesethi yemiyalo yokuthi umzimba wakho ungalwa kanjani ne-SARS-CoV-2, kunezela uDkt. Olulade. "Lawa maprotheni we-spike angabonwa amasosha akho omzimba futhi akwenze ukuthi ukhiqize amasosha omzimba azovikela i-COVID," kuchaza yena. (I-FYI: Ukudutshulwa komkhuhlane kusebenza ngendlela efanayo.)

Yize lobu buchwepheshe bokugoma buhlukile kobukaPfizer noModerna, akuwona umqondo omusha. Umuthi wokugomela i-COVID ka-Oxford kanye ne-AstraZeneca - owagunyazwa ukusetshenziswa e-EU nase-UK ngoJanuwari (i-FDA okwamanje ilinde imininingwane evela ocwaningweni lomtholampilo lwe-AstraZeneca ngaphambi kokucubungula ukugunyazwa kwe-US, New York Times imibiko) - isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufanayo be-adenovirus. UJohnson & Johnson ubuye wasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ukudala umuthi wokugomela i-Ebola, okhonjiswe ukuthi uphephile futhi usebenza kahle ekukhiqizeni amasosha omzimba emzimbeni.

Usebenza kangakanani umuthi wokugoma kaJohnson & Johnson COVID-19?

Esivivinyweni esikhulu somtholampilo sabantu abacishe babe ngu-44,000, umuthi wokugoma kaJohnson & Johnson we-COVID-19 ukhonjiswe njengamaphesenti angama-66 asebenza ngokuphelele ekuvikeleni okulingene (okuchazwa njengophawu olulodwa noma ngaphezulu lwe-COVID-19) kuya ku-COVID-19 ebucayi ukungeniswa ku-ICU, ukwehluleka ukuphefumula, noma ukwehluleka kwezitho, phakathi kwezinye izici) ezinsukwini ezingama-28 ngemuva kokugoma, ngokusho kombiko wenkampani. (Imininingwane "izohanjiswa kumagazini obuyekezwa ontanga emasontweni azayo," kusho umbiko wabezindaba.)

UJohnson & Johnson baphinde babelana ngokuthi izinga lomgomo walo wokuvikela ngokumelene ne-COVID emaphakathi ukuya kokuqina bekungamaphesenti angama-72 e-US, amaphesenti angama-66 eLatin America, kanye namaphesenti angama-57 eNingizimu Afrika (okumaphakathi, okukunikeze isilinganiso sokusebenza esingamaphesenti angama-66). . Uma lezo zinombolo zibonakala zixakile, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi, uma kuqhathaniswa, ukudubula komkhuhlane kusebenza ngamaphesenti angama-40 kuye kwangama-60 kuphela ekuvikeleni umzimba emkhuhlaneni, nokho kusadlala indima enkulu ekwehliseni ukulaliswa okuhlobene nomkhuhlane nokufa, kusho. UDkt Olulade. (Okuhlobene: Ingabe I-Flu Shot Ingakuvikela Ku-Coronavirus?)

I-COVID-19 Enzima Nedatha Yokufa

Ekuqaleni, isilinganiso sokusebenza komuthi wokugoma kaJohnson & Johnson esingamaphesenti angama-66 singabonakala siphansi ngandlela thile, ikakhulukazi uma usiqhathanisa namazinga okusebenza asuka eModerna (amaphesenti angama-94.5 asebenzayo) kanye nePfizer (“engaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-90 asebenzayo,” ngokusho kwenkampani). Kodwa uma umba ujule, idatha kaJohnson & Johnson yenza khombisa imiphumela ethembisa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngamacala abucayi kakhulu e-COVID-19.

Kuzo zonke izifunda, umuthi wokugoma wawukhona Amaphesenti angu-85 asebenzayo ekuvimbeleni i-COVID-19 enzima, ngokusho kwabezindaba zikaJohnson & Johnson. Eqinisweni, inkampani iphawule ukuthi umuthi wayo wokugoma ukhombisa "ukuvikela okuphelele ezibhedlela kanye nokufa okuhlobene ne-COVID" ezinsukwini ezingama-28 ngemuva kokugonywa, "ngaphandle kwamacala abikiwe" okulaliswa esibhedlela okuhlobene ne-COVID noma ukufa phakathi kwalabo ababethole umuthi wokugoma kaJohnson & Johnson.

Mayelana nemiphumela engemihle, uJohnson & Johnson uthe umuthi wokugoma we-COVID "ngokuvamile wawubekezelelwa kahle" kubo bonke ababambiqhaza esivivinyweni. Idatha yokuqala yenkampani iphakamisa ukuthi umuthi wokugoma ungadala "imiphumela emibi engemihle ejwayele ukuhlotshaniswa nokugoma," kufaka phakathi ukukhathala, ikhanda, ubuhlungu bemisipha, nobuhlungu besiza somjovo.

Okuhlukile kwe-COVID-19

Ngokungafani nezifundo zikaPfizer nezikaModerna, isivivinyo sokugoma sikaJohnson & Johnson sifaka imiphumela ezifundeni eziningi - kufaka phakathi lezo ezisanda kubona ukuphakama emacaleni e-COVID abangelwa ukuhlukahluka kwaleli gciwane. “[Lezi zinhlobonhlobo] kungenzeka zazingalawuleki kakhulu ngesikhathi kucwaningwa imigomo yangaphambilini,” kuphawula uDkt. Olulade. Yiqiniso, abacwaningi manje sebebheka ukuthi kusebenza kanjani konke Imithi yokugoma ye-COVID-19 ingaba ekuvikeleni umzimba ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene ze-COVID-19. Okwamanje, uDkt Busse uthi okuhlukile e-UK “akunakwenzeka ukuthi kube yinkinga yemithi yokugoma ye-COVID.” Kodwa-ke, uyanezela, lapho kuyinto Ukuqagela ukuthi izinhlobonhlobo ze-COVID ezivela eNingizimu Afrika naseBrazil zingase "ziguqule indlela amasosha omzimba asebenzisana ngayo negciwane" futhi zenze lawo masosha omzimba avikelayo "angasebenzi kahle." (Okuhlobene: Kungani Izinqa Ezintsha Ze-COVID-19 Zisabalala Ngokushesha?)

Lokho kusho, ngenkathi umuthi wokugoma ungavimbela ukutheleleka kwe-COVID-19 ngokuphelele, kubonakala kusiza abantu ukuthi bagweme igciwane elibi kakhulu. “Lokho futhi kusho ukuthi inamandla okunciphisa umthwalo ohlelweni lwethu lokunakekelwa kwempilo olusindelwe futhi kusisondeza kulokho kukhanya ekugcineni komhubhe,” kusho uDkt. Olulade.

“Kubalulekile futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi lapho sishesha ukugwema abantu ukuba bagonywe, zimbalwa izinguquko igciwane okufanele lishintshe futhi lizenze,” kunezela uDkt. Olulade. "Yingakho kudingeka ukuthi wonke umuntu [agonywe] ngokushesha okukhulu."

Udinga imithamo emingaki yomuthi wokugoma kaJohnson & Johnson COVID-19?

Ngaphandle kokusebenza komuthi uqobo, ochwepheshe bathi umuthi wokugoma we-COVID kaJohnson & Johnson nawo uyathembisa ngoba udinga kuphela ukudubula okukodwa, kanti imijovo kaPfizer kanye neModerna ngayinye idinga isibhamu ezimbili esihlukaniswe amasonto ambalwa.

"Lokhu kungase kushintshe ngempela," kusho uDkt. Olulade. "Siyabona ukuthi ezinye iziguli, ngeshwa, azibuyi ngomthamo wazo wesibili," ngakho-ke le ndlela eyodwa neyenziwayo ingahumushela emigomeni eminingi isiyonke.

Enye inzuzo enkulu yokugomela i-COVID kaJohnson & Johnson? Imithamo ngokusobala ilula kakhulu ukuyigcina nokusabalalisa kunemithi yokugoma ka-Pfizer kanye neModerna, ngenxa yokusebenzisa kuka-J&J ubuchwepheshe bokugomela i-adenovector. “I-Adenovirus [ekugomeni kaJohnson & Johnson] ishibhile futhi ayintekenteke [njenge-mRNA emithini yokugoma kaPfizer kanye neModerna],” lena yokugcina edinga ukugcinwa emazingeni okushisa abandayo kakhulu, kuchaza uDkt. Busse. "Umuthi wokugoma uJohnson & Johnson uzinzile esiqandisini izinyanga ezifika kwezintathu, okwenza kube lula ukuthunyelwa nokusabalalisa labo abawudingayo."

Umuthi wokugoma kaJohnson & Johnson ukuthinta kanjani ukudluliswa kwe-COVID-19?

"Kusesekuseni kakhulu ukuthi ungasho," kusho uPrabhjot Singh, M.D., Ph.D., umeluleki omkhulu wezokwelapha nezesayensi we-CV19 CheckUp, ithuluzi eliku-inthanethi elikusiza ukuhlola ubungozi bakho be-COVID-19. Lokho kuya konke wemithi yokugoma i-COVID-19 esiyibonile kuze kube manje i-BTW, hhayi uJohnson noJohnson kuphela, kuphawula uDkt Singh. "Ucwaningo lwakuqala lukhombisa ukuthi ubungozi bokudlulisa kufanele banciphise ngemuva kokugonywa, kepha impendulo ecacile idinga ucwaningo oluhlelekile," kuchaza yena.

Njengoba imiphumela yokugoma ekudlulisweni kwe-COVID kungaziwa, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uqhubeke ugqoke imaski futhi ugcine ibanga lakho kubantu abangaphandle kwekhaya lakho, kusho uDkt. Olulade. (Linda, kufanele ngabe uku-masking kabili ukuvikela i-COVID-19?)

Ngezansi: Konke yale mithi yokugoma ibonakala inikeza isivikelo esibalulekile ku-COVID-19, okuyinto enhle kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, “umuthi wokugoma awuyona imvume yokuyekisa ukuqapha,” kuchaza uDkt. Olulade. "Kumele sicabange ngokungenabugovu ngempilo nenhlalakahle yabanye abangakagomi futhi abangakabi nokuvikelwa ku-COVID."

Imininingwane ekule ndaba inembile njengesikhathi sokushicilela. Njengoba izibuyekezo ezimayelana ne-coronavirus COVID-19 ziqhubeka nokuvela, kungenzeka ukuthi eminye imininingwane nezincomo kule ndaba zishintshile selokhu kwashicilelwa okokuqala. Sikukhuthaza ukuthi uhlole njalo izinsiza ezifana ne-CDC, i-WHO, kanye nomnyango wezempilo womphakathi wendawo ukuze uthole imininingwane yakamuva nezincomo.

Buyekeza kwe-