I-HIV, Imithi, Nezifo Zezinso

-Delile

• Okwenziwa izinso
• I-HIV ingazilimaza kanjani izinso
• Ukwelashwa ngezidambisi gciwane kanye nesifo sezinso
• Ukuhlolelwa isifo sezinso
• Ukuphatha i-HIV kanye nesifo sezinso
• Q:
• A:

Isingeniso

Imithi yokwelashwa ngezidambisi gciwane isiza abantu abane-HIV ukuthi baphile isikhathi eside futhi babe ngcono kunakuqala. Kodwa-ke, abantu abane-HIV basengozini enkulu yezinye izinkinga zezokwelapha, kubandakanya isifo sezinso. Isifo sezinso singaba ngumphumela wokutheleleka nge-HIV noma ngemithi esetshenziswayo ukuyelapha. Ngenhlanhla, ezimweni eziningi, isifo sezinso siyelapheka.

Nazi izinto ezimbalwa okufanele uzazi ngobungozi besifo sezinso kubantu abane-HIV.

Okwenziwa izinso

Izinso uhlelo lokuhlunga umzimba. Lezi zibili zezitho zisusa ubuthi noketshezi oluningi emzimbeni. Uketshezi ekugcineni lishiya umzimba ngomchamo. Inso ngalinye linezihlungi ezincane ezingaphezu kwesigidi ezilungele ukuhlanza igazi lemikhiqizo kadoti.

Njengezinye izitho zomzimba, izinso zingalimala. Ukulimala kungabangelwa ukugula, ukuhlukumezeka, noma imishanguzo ethile. Lapho izinso zilimele, azikwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wazo ngokufanele. Ukusebenza kabi kwezinso kungaholela ekwakhiweni kwemikhiqizo kadoti kanye noketshezi emzimbeni. Isifo sezinso singadala ukukhathala, ukuvuvukala emilenzeni, amajaqamba, nokudideka kwengqondo. Ezimweni ezinzima, kungadala ukufa.

I-HIV ingazilimaza kanjani izinso

Abantu abanokutheleleka nge-HIV kanye nemithwalo yegciwane ephakeme noma izibalo eziphansi ze-CD4 cell (T cell) maningi amathuba okuthi babe nesifo esingapheliyo sezinso. Igciwane le-HIV lingahlasela izihlungi ezisezinsweni libavimbe ekusebenzeni ngokusemandleni abo. Lo mphumela ubizwa ngokuthi yi-nephropathy ehlobene ne-HIV, noma i-HIVAN.

Ngokwengeziwe, ubungozi besifo sezinso bungaba ngaphezulu kubantu:

• unesifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, noma isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo C
• bangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65
• unelungu lomndeni elinesifo sezinso
• angama-African American, amaMelika Omdabu, i-Hispanic American, i-Asia, noma i-Pacific Islander
• basebenzise imithi elimaza izinso iminyaka eminingana

Kwezinye izimo, lezi zingozi ezingeziwe zingancishiswa. Isibonelo, ukuphathwa kahle kwengcindezi ephezulu yegazi, isifo sikashukela, noma i-hepatitis C kungehlisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa yisifo sezinso kulezi zimo. Futhi, i-HIVAN ayivamile kubantu abanesilinganiso esiphansi segciwane lesandulela ngculaza abanezibalo ze-T cell ezibangeni elijwayelekile. Ukuthatha imishanguzo yabo njengoba kunqunyiwe kungasiza abantu abane-HIV ukugcina umthamo wegciwane kanye ne-T cell count yabo lapho kufanele babe khona. Ukwenza lokhu kungasiza futhi ekuvikeleni ukulimala kwezinso.

Abanye abantu abane-HIV kungenzeka bangabi nalezi zinto eziyingozi zokulimala kwezinso okubangelwa i-HIV. Kodwa-ke, imishanguzo elawula ukutheleleka nge-HIV isengadala ingozi enkulu yokulimala kwezinso.

Ukwelashwa ngezidambisi gciwane kanye nesifo sezinso

Ukwelashwa ngezidambisigciwane kungasebenza kakhulu ekwehliseni umthamo wegciwane, ukukhulisa izinombolo zama-T cell, nokuvimba i-HIV ekuhlaseleni umzimba. Kodwa-ke, eminye imishanguzo yokuthithibalisa igciwane ingadala izinkinga zezinso kwabanye abantu.

Imithi engathinta uhlelo lokuhlunga izinso lubandakanya:

• i-tenofovir, isidakamizwa eViread kanye nesinye sezidakamizwa emithini yokuhlanganisa iTruvada, Atripla, Stribild, neComplera
• i-indinavir (i-Crixivan), i-atazanavir (i-Reyataz), namanye ama-HIV protease inhibitors, angakwazi ukukhazimula ngaphakathi kohlelo lwamanzi wezinso, abangele amatshe ezinso

Ukuhlolelwa isifo sezinso

Ochwepheshe bancoma ukuthi abantu abahlolwe benegciwane lesandulela ngculazi nabo bahlolelwe izifo zezinso. Ukwenza lokhu, umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo kungenzeka a-oda ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo.

Lezi zivivinyo zilinganisa izinga lamaprotheni emchameni nezinga lomkhiqizo wemfucuza i-creatinine egazini. Imiphumela isiza umhlinzeki ukunquma ukuthi izinso zisebenza kahle kangakanani.

Ukuphatha i-HIV kanye nesifo sezinso

Isifo sezinso siyinkinga ye-HIV evame ukulawulwa. Kubalulekile ukuthi abantu abane-HIV bahlele futhi bagcine ama-aphoyintimenti okunakekelwa okulandelayo nomhlinzeki wabo wezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Ngesikhathi salokhu kuqokwa, umhlinzeki angaxoxa ukuthi kungcono kanjani ukuphatha izimo zezempilo ukunciphisa ubungozi bezinye izinkinga.

Q:

Ingabe lukhona unyango uma ngiba nesifo sezinso?

A:

Kunezinketho eziningi udokotela wakho angazihlola nawe. Bangalungisa isilinganiso sakho se-ART noma bakunikeze imishanguzo yegazi noma i-diuretics (amaphilisi amanzi) noma kokubili. Udokotela wakho futhi angacabanga nge-dialysis ukuhlanza igazi lakho. Ukufakelwa kwezinso nakho kungaba yindlela. Ukwelashwa kwakho kuzoya ngokuthi isifo sakho sezinso satholwa nini nokuthi sinzima kangakanani. Ezinye izimo zempilo onazo nazo zizobakhona.