Ukufakelwa Kwezinso

-Delile

• Kuyini ukufakelwa izinso?
• Ngubani ongadinga ukufakelwa izinso?
• Ngubani onikela ngezinso?
• Abanikeli abaphilayo
• Abaxhasi abangasekho
• Inqubo efanayo
• Kwenziwa kanjani ukufakelwa izinso?
• Ukunakekelwa ngemuva
• Ziyini izingozi zokufakelwa kabusha kwezinso?
• Izingozi ezingaba khona

Kuyini ukufakelwa izinso?

Ukufakelwa kwezinso kuyindlela yokuhlinzwa eyenzelwe ukwelapha ukwehluleka kwezinso. Izinso zihluza imfucuza egazini bese ziyisusa emzimbeni ngomchamo wakho. Zisiza futhi ukugcina ibhalansi yomzimba wakho ye-fluid ne-electrolyte. Uma izinso zakho ziyeka ukusebenza, imfucuza iyakheka emzimbeni wakho futhi ingakugulisa kakhulu.

Abantu abanezinso ezingaphumelelanga bavame ukwelashwa okubizwa nge-dialysis. Le ndlela yokwelapha ihlunga imfucuza eyakheka egazini lapho izinso ziyeka ukusebenza.

Abanye abantu izinso zabo ezihlulekile bangakufanelekela ukufakelwa izinso. Kule nqubo, inso elilodwa noma zombili zithathelwa indawo izinso zabanikeli ezivela kumuntu ophilayo noma oshonile.

Kunobuhle nobubi kukho kokubili ukufakwa kwe-dialysis nokufakelwa kwezinso.

Ukwenza i-dialysis kuthatha isikhathi futhi kudinga abasebenzi abaningi. I-Dialysis ivame ukudinga ukwenza uhambo oluya njalo esikhungweni se-dialysis ukuthola ukwelashwa. Esikhungweni se-dialysis, igazi lakho liyahlanzwa kusetshenziswa umshini we-dialysis.

Uma ubhalisela ukuba ne-dialysis ekhaya lakho, kuzodingeka uthenge izinto ze-dialysis futhi ufunde ukuthi uzisebenzisa kanjani.

Ukufakelwa kwezinso kungakukhulula ekuthembekeni kwesikhathi eside kumshini we-dialysis kanye nohlelo oluqinile oluhambisana nalo. Lokhu kungakuvumela ukuthi uphile impilo esebenzayo. Kodwa-ke, ukufakelwa kwezinso akulungele wonke umuntu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi abantu abanezifo ezisebenzayo kanye nalabo abakhuluphele ngokweqile.

Ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kwezinso, udokotela wakho ohlinzayo uzothatha izinso ezinikelwe azibeke emzimbeni wakho. Noma uzalwe unezinso ezimbili, ungaphila impilo enempilo ngezinso elilodwa kuphela elisebenzayo. Ngemuva kokufakelwa kabusha, kuzofanele uthathe imishanguzo ecindezela amasosha omzimba ukugcina amasosha akho omzimba ekuhlaseleni isitho esisha.

Ngubani ongadinga ukufakelwa izinso?

Ukufakelwa kwezinso kungaba yindlela uma izinso zakho ziyeke ukusebenza ngokuphelele. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi yi-end-stage renal disease (ESRD) noma isifo sezinso sokugcina (ESKD). Uma ufinyelela kuleli phuzu, udokotela wakho kungenzeka ancoma i-dialysis.

Ngaphezu kokukufaka ku-dialysis, udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi bacabanga ukuthi ungumuntu olungele yini ukufakelwa izinso.

Kuzodingeka ube nempilo ngokwanele ukuze uhlinzwe kakhulu futhi ubekezelele umuthi oqinile, wemithi yempilo yonke ngemuva kokuhlinzwa ukuze ube ngumuntu olungele ukufakelwa. Kumele futhi uzimisele futhi ukwazi ukulandela yonke imiyalelo evela kudokotela wakho futhi uphuze imishanguzo yakho njalo.

Uma unesimo esibucayi sezokwelapha, ukufakelwa kwezinso kungaba yingozi noma kungenzeki ukuthi kuphumelele. Lezi zimo ezibucayi zifaka:

• umdlavuza, noma umlando wakamuva womdlavuza
• ukutheleleka okukhulu, njengesifo sofuba, ukutheleleka kwamathambo, noma i-hepatitis
• isifo esibi senhliziyo
• isifo sesibindi

Udokotela wakho futhi angancoma ukuthi awunakho ukufakelwa kabusha uma:

• intuthu
• phuza utshwala ngokweqile
• sebenzisa izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni

Uma udokotela wakho ecabanga ukuthi ungumuntu ofanelekayo wokufakelwa futhi unentshisekelo kule nqubo, kuzodingeka uhlolwe esikhungweni sokufakelwa kabusha.

Lokhu kuhlola kuvame ukuhilela ukuvakashelwa okuningana ukuhlola isimo sakho somzimba, somqondo, nesomndeni. Odokotela bakulesi sikhungo bazokuhlolela igazi nomchamo wakho. Futhi bazokunikeza ukuhlolwa okuphelele ngokomzimba ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uphilile ngokwanele ukuze uhlinzwe.

Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo kanye nosonhlalakahle nabo bazohlangana nawe ukuze baqiniseke ukuthi uyakwazi ukuqonda nokulandela uhlobo lwemithi oluyinkimbinkimbi. Usonhlalonhle uzoqinisekisa ukuthi uyakwazi ukuyikhokhela le nqubo nokuthi uthola ukwesekwa okwanele ngemuva kokuphuma esibhedlela.

Uma uvunyelwe ukufakelwa, ilungu lomndeni linganikela ngenso noma uzobekwa ohlwini lokulinda ne-Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN). Ukulinda okujwayelekile kwesitho sabanikeli abangasekho kungaphezu kweminyaka emihlanu.

Ngubani onikela ngezinso?

Abaxhasi bezinso kungenzeka ukuthi bayaphila noma bashonile.

Abanikeli abaphilayo

Ngoba umzimba ungasebenza kahle ngokuphelele ngenso elilodwa nje eliphilile, ilungu lomndeni elinezinso ezimbili ezinempilo lingakhetha ukunikela ngalo elilodwa lazo.

Uma igazi nezicubu zelungu lomndeni wakho zifana negazi nezicubu zakho, ungahlela umnikelo ohleliwe.

Ukwamukela izinso kwilungu lomndeni kuyindlela enhle. Kunciphisa ubungozi bokuthi umzimba wakho uzokwenqaba izinso, futhi kukwenza ukwazi ukweqa uhlu lokulindela lweminyaka eminingi yomnikeli ongasekho.

Abaxhasi abangasekho

Abaxhasi abangasekho babizwa nangokuthi yi-cadaver donors. Laba ngabantu abashonile, imvamisa njengomphumela wengozi hhayi isifo. Kuphakathi kokuthi umnikeli noma umndeni wabo ukhethe ukunikela ngezitho zabo zomzimba nezicubu.

Umzimba wakho kungenzeka ukuthi wenqabe izinso ezivela kumnikeli ongahlobene. Kodwa-ke, isitho se-cadaver siyindlela enhle uma ungenalo ilungu lomndeni noma umngani ozimisele noma okwaziyo ukunikela ngenso.

Inqubo efanayo

Ngesikhathi sokuhlola kwakho ukufakelwa, uzoba nokuhlolwa kwegazi ukuthola uhlobo lwegazi lakho (A, B, AB, noma O) ne-leukocyte antigen yakho yomuntu (HLA). I-HLA yiqembu lama-antigen atholakala ebusweni bamaseli akho amhlophe egazi. Ama-antigen anesibopho sokuphendula komzimba wakho.

Uma uhlobo lwakho lwe-HLA lufana nohlobo lwe-HLA lomnikeli, kungenzeka ukuthi umzimba wakho ngeke uzenqabe izinso. Umuntu ngamunye unama-antigen ayisithupha, amathathu avela kumzali ngamunye ophilayo. Lapho ama-antigen amaningi onawo afana nalawo womnikeli, aba maningi amathuba okufakelwa kabusha ngempumelelo.

Lapho umuntu ongaba ngumnikeli esekhonjisiwe, uzodinga olunye uvivinyo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amasosha omzimba wakho ngeke ahlasele isitho somnikeli. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokuxuba inani elincane legazi lakho negazi lomnikeli.

Ukufakelwa akunakwenziwa uma igazi lakho lakha amasosha omzimba ngokuphendula egazini lomnikeli.

Uma igazi lakho lingakhombisi ukusabela kwama-antibody, unalokho okubizwa nge- "crossmatch engemihle." Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukufakelwa kabusha kungaqhubeka.

Kwenziwa kanjani ukufakelwa izinso?

Udokotela wakho angakuhlelela ukufakelwa kusengaphambili uma uthola izinso kumnikeli ophilayo.

Kodwa-ke, uma ulinde umnikeli oshonile ofana kakhulu nohlobo lwakho lwethishu, kuzofanele utholakale ukuze uphuthume esibhedlela ngesikhashana lapho kutholakala umnikeli. Izibhedlela eziningi zokufakelwa zinikeza abantu bazo ama-pager noma omakhalekhukhwini ukuze bakwazi ukutholakala ngokushesha.

Lapho usufikile esikhungweni sokufakelwa kabusha, kuzodingeka unikeze isampula legazi lakho ukuze kuhlolwe amasosha omzimba. Uzosuselwa ukuhlinzwa uma umphumela uyi-crossmatch engemihle.

Ukufakelwa kwezinso kwenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile. Lokhu kubandakanya ukukunika umuthi okukulalisa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. I-anesthetic izofakwa emzimbeni wakho ngomugqa we-intravenous (IV) osesandleni sakho noma engalweni.

Uma usulele, udokotela wakho wenza imbobo esiswini sakho bese ubeka izinso zabaxhasi ngaphakathi. Bese bexhuma imithambo nemithambo kusuka ezinso kuya emithanjeni nasemithanjeni yakho. Lokhu kuzodala ukuthi igazi liqale ukugeleza ngezinso ezintsha.

Udokotela wakho uzonamathisela i-ureter entsha yezinso esinyeni sakho ukuze ukwazi ukuchama ngokwejwayelekile. I-ureter yishubhu elixhuma izinso zakho esinyeni sakho.

Udokotela wakho uzoshiya izinso zakho zoqobo emzimbeni wakho ngaphandle kokuthi zibangela izinkinga, ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophezulu noma ukutheleleka.

Ukunakekelwa ngemuva

Uzophaphama egumbini lokutakula. Abasebenzi basesibhedlela bazoqapha izimpawu zakho ezibalulekile baze baqiniseke ukuthi uvukile futhi uzinzile. Ngemuva kwalokho, bazokudlulisela egumbini lesibhedlela.

Noma uzizwa umuhle ngemuva kokufakelwa (abantu abaningi benza), kuzodingeka uhlale esibhedlela kuze kube yisonto ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.

Izinso zakho ezintsha zingaqala ukusula imfucuza emzimbeni ngokushesha, noma kungathatha amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokuba iqale ukusebenza. Izinso ezinikelwe ngamalungu omndeni ngokuvamile ziqala ukusebenza ngokushesha okukhulu kunalezo ezivela kubaxhasi abangahlobene noma abangasekho.

Ungalindela okuhle okuhle nobuhlungu eduze kwesiza sokusika ngenkathi usalulama okokuqala. Ngenkathi usesibhedlela, odokotela bakho bazokuqapha ngezinkinga. Bazokubeka futhi esimisweni esiqinile semithi yokuvikela imishanguzo ukuvimba umzimba wakho ukwenqaba izinso ezintsha. Uzodinga ukuthatha le mithi nsuku zonke ukuvimbela umzimba wakho ukwenqaba izinso zabanikeli.

Ngaphambi kokuba uphume esibhedlela, iqembu lakho lokufakelwa kabusha lizokunikeza imiyalo ethile yokuthi uyiphuza kanjani futhi nini imithi yakho. Qiniseka ukuthi uyayiqonda le miyalo, bese ubuza imibuzo eminingi njengoba kudingeka. Odokotela bakho bazokwenzela nohlelo lokuhlola okufanele ululandele ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.

Uma usukhishiwe, kuzodingeka ugcine ama-aphoyintimenti avamile nethimba lakho lokufakelwa ukuze bakwazi ukuhlola ukuthi izinso zakho ezintsha zisebenza kahle kangakanani.

Uzodinga ukuthatha imishanguzo yakho yokuvikela ukujula njengoba uqondisiwe. Udokotela wakho uzokunika nemithi eyengeziwe ukunciphisa ubungozi bokutheleleka. Ekugcineni, kuzodingeka ukuthi uziqaphele ukuze uthole izimpawu zokuxwayisa ukuthi umzimba wakho uzenqabile izinso. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ubuhlungu, ukuvuvukala, kanye nezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane.

Uzodinga ukulandelela njalo nodokotela wakho okokuqala ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya kwezimbili ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Ukululama kwakho kungathatha cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha.

Ziyini izingozi zokufakelwa kabusha kwezinso?

Ukufakelwa kwezinso kungukuhlinzwa okukhulu. Ngakho-ke, kunengozi yoku:

• ukusabela okweqile ku-anesthesia jikelele
• ukopha
• amahlule egazi
• ukuvuza okuvela ku-ureter
• ukuvinjelwa kwe-ureter
• ukutheleleka
• ukwenqaba izinso ezinikelwe
• ukwehluleka kwezinso ezinikelwe
• isifo senhliziyo
• isifo sohlangothi

Izingozi ezingaba khona

Ingozi enkulu yokufakelwa kabusha ukuthi umzimba wakho uyazenqaba izinso. Kodwa-ke, akuvamile ukuthi umzimba wakho wenqabe izinso zabanikeli bakho.

Umtholampilo iMayo ulinganisela ukuthi amaphesenti angama-90 wabamukeli bokufakelwa abathola izinso zabo kumnikeli ophilayo baphila okungenani iminyaka emihlanu ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Cishe amaphesenti angama-82 alabo abathola izinso kumuntu oshonile oshonile baphila iminyaka emihlanu ngemuva kwalokho.

Uma ubona ukukhathazeka okungajwayelekile endaweni yokuqhekeza noma ushintsho kumthamo womchamo wakho, yazisa iqembu lakho lokufakelwa ngokushesha. Uma umzimba wakho uzenqaba izinso ezintsha, ungaqala kabusha i-dialysis bese ubuyela ohlwini lokulinda ezinye izinso ngemuva kokuhlolwa futhi.

Izidakamizwa zokuzivikela emzimbeni okufanele uzithathe ngemuva kokuhlinzwa zingaholela nakweminye imiphumela emibi. Lokhu kungafaka:

• ukuzuza kwesisindo
• ukuncipha kwamathambo
• ukukhula kwezinwele
• induna
• ingozi ephezulu yokuthola umdlavuza othile wesikhumba kanye ne-non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezingozi zakho zokuthuthukisa le miphumela emibi.