Ukwelashwa kwe-visceral leishmaniasis: amakhambi nokunakekelwa

-Delile

• Amakhambi asetshenziswa kakhulu
• Ukunakekelwa ngesikhathi sokwelashwa
• Izimpawu zokuthuthuka
• Izimpawu zokuwohloka

Ukwelashwa kwe-visceral leishmaniasis yabantu, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-kala azar, kwenziwa ikakhulukazi ngama-Pentavalent Antimonial Compounds izinsuku ezingama-20 kuye kwangama-30, ngenhloso yokulwa nezimpawu zalesi sifo.

IVisceral Leishmaniasis yisifo esidalwa yi-protozoan eBrazilLeishmania chagasi, edluliselwa izinambuzane zohloboILutzomyia longipalpis futhiILutzomyia cruzi. Lesi sifo siya ngokuya siba sibi kakhulu futhi singaba sibi kakhulu, ngakho-ke, lapho kukhona izimpawu nezimpawu ezibonisa i-visceral Leishmaniasis, kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha, ukuthola ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa okulungile. Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ungayibona kanjani i-visceral leishmaniasis.

Ngaphezu kwemithi yokuqeda i-protozoan, ukwelashwa kufanele kubandakanye ukulawulwa kwezinkinga ezivamile zalesi sifo, njenge-anemia, isifo sohudo, ukungondleki kahle, ukopha nokutheleleka ngenxa yokwehla kokuzivikela komzimba, ngoba lezi yizimo ezenza buthakathaka futhi ezingabeka impilo yomuntu isengozini.

Amakhambi asetshenziswa kakhulu

Izidakamizwa eziyinhloko ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-visceral Leishmaniasis yi-Pentavalent Antimonial Compounds, efana ne-meglumine antimoniate ne-sodium stibogluconate, okuyindlela yokwelashwa eyinhloko, esetshenziswa emithanjeni ye-intramuscular or venous, izinsuku ezingama-20 kuya kwezingu-30. Thola kabanzi mayelana nokuthi isetshenziswa kanjani kanye nentengo yomuthi osetshenziswa kakhulu ekwelapheni iLeishmaniasis.

Ezimweni ezimbalwa, le mithi ingadala imiphumela emibi, efana ne-arrhythmias, ukuqaqamba komzimba nokungathandi ukudla, futhi kuyaphikiswa kubantu abanezinso noma ukwehluleka kwesibindi, kwabesifazane abakhulelwe kuma-trimesters amabili okuqala okukhulelwa futhi ezimweni ezibonisa izimpawu izinguquko ku-electrocardiogram, eyaziwa ngokuthi ukwanda kwesikhawu se-QT.

Okunye okunye ongakhetha kukho uma kushoda noma kungaphikiswa kulawa makhambi yi-liposomal Amphotericin B, ukusabalalisa kwe-colloidal-Amphotericin B, Pentamidines kanye nama-immunomodulators, njenge-gamma interferon kanye ne-GM-CSF, ngaphezu kweMiltefosina, nayo engumuthi womlomo ekwelashweni we-leishmaniasis.

Ukunakekelwa ngesikhathi sokwelashwa

Ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa, kufanele kuqashelwe ezinye izindlela, phakathi kwazo ukuhlolwa nokuzinza kwezimo zomtholampilo ezibangelwa yilesi sifo, njengokugqoka noma ukufakwa kwegazi ekulawuleni ukopha, ukufaka insimbi nokufaka uvithamini noma, uma kunesidingo, ukumpontshelwa igazi, ukusiza ukwelashwa.ukululama ekushoneni kwegazi, ekudleni okunamaphrotheni kanye namakhalori ukwenza ngcono ukungondleki kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic ukwelapha izifo.

Ukwelashwa kungenziwa ekhaya, inqobo nje uma umuntu ezokwazi ukuthola ukunakekelwa okudingekayo kule ndawo futhi akwazi ukuya esibhedlela ukuyothola imishanguzo kanye nokuhlolwa kabusha kwezokwelapha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwelashwa esibhedlela kufanele kunconywe noma kunini lapho kukhona:

• I-anemia enamandla, ene-hemoglobin engaphansi kuka-5 g / dL;
• Uhudo olunamandla noma olude;
• Ukungondleki okukhulu;
• Ukuba khona kwegazi;
• Ukuvuvukala okujwayelekile;
• Ukuba khona kwezinye izifo ezihambisanayo, ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo senhliziyo, i-nephropathy noma isifo sesibindi;
• Izingane ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha noma abantu asebekhulile abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65;
• Lapho lesi sifo sibuya emuva kokuphela kokwelashwa noma kungekho mpendulo ekwelashweni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemuva kokuthi ukwelashwa sekuphelile, umuntu kufanele alandelwe udokotela ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-3, 6 kanye ne-12 futhi, uma ehlala ezinzile ekuhloleni kokugcina, isiguli sithathwa njengeselaphekile.

Izimpawu zokuthuthuka

Izimpawu zokuthuthuka sezivele zivele ngemuva kwesonto lokuqala ngemuva kokuqala kokwelashwa futhi zibonakala ngokuncipha komkhuhlane, ukunciphisa isisu esivuvukile, ukuzuza kwesisindo nokubuyiselwa kwesimo.

Izimpawu zokuwohloka

Lezi zimpawu zivame kakhulu lapho ukwelashwa kungaqalwa ngokushesha futhi kufaka ukwanda noma ukuphindeka komkhuhlane, ukwehla kwesisindo, ubuthakathaka obungapheli, ukutheleleka ngegciwane kanye namagciwane emzimbeni nokopha.