Umdlavuza wegazi

-Delile

• Izici ezinobungozi be-leukemia
• Izinhlobo ze-leukemia
• I-leukemia enamandla kakhulu (AML)
• I-leukemia enamandla ye-lymphocytic (BONKE)
• I-leukemia engapheli (i-CML)
• I-lymphocytic leukemia engapheli (CLL)
• Ziyini izimpawu ze-leukemia?
• Ukuhlonza i-leukemia
• Izivivinyo
• Isiteji
• Ukuhlola ukuqhubeka
• Ukwelapha i-leukemia
• Umbono wesikhathi eside

Yini i-leukemia?

Umdlavuza wegazi ngumdlavuza wamaseli egazi. Kunezigaba eziningana ezibanzi zamaseli egazi, kufaka phakathi amangqamuzana abomvu egazi (ama-RBC), amaseli amhlophe egazi (ama-WBC), nama-platelets. Ngokuvamile, i-leukemia isho umdlavuza wama-WBCs.

Ama-WBC ayingxenye ebalulekile yamasosha akho omzimba. Avikela umzimba wakho ekuhlaselweni amagciwane, amagciwane nesikhunta, kanye nasemangqamuzaneni angajwayelekile nezinye izinto zangaphandle. Kwi-leukemia, ama-WBCs awasebenzi njengama-WBCs ajwayelekile. Bangabuye bahlukane ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ekugcineni bakhiphe amangqamuzana ajwayelekile.

Ama-WBC akhiqizwa kakhulu emnkantsheni wethambo, kepha izinhlobo ezithile zama-WBCs nazo zenziwa kuma-lymph node, spleen, kanye ne-thymus gland. Uma sesakhiwe, ama-WBCs ajikeleza emzimbeni wakho wonke egazini lakho nase-lymph (uketshezi oluzungeza ngohlelo lwe-lymphatic), lugxile kuma-lymph node kanye nobende.

Izici ezinobungozi be-leukemia

Izimbangela ze-leukemia azaziwa. Kodwa-ke, kunezici eziningana ezikhonjisiwe ezingakhuphula ubungozi bakho. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• umlando womndeni we-leukemia
• ukubhema, okwandisa ingozi yakho yokuthola i-acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
• ukuphazamiseka kofuzo njenge-Down syndrome
• ukuphazamiseka kwegazi, njenge-myelodysplastic syndrome, kwesinye isikhathi ebizwa nge- "preleukemia"
• ukwelashwa kwangaphambilini komdlavuza ngamakhemikhali noma ngemisebe
• ukuchayeka emazingeni aphezulu emisebe
• ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali afana ne-benzene

Izinhlobo ze-leukemia

Ukuqala kwe-leukemia kungaba nzima (ukuqala okungazelelwe) noma okungapheli (ukuqala kancane). Ku-leukemia enamandla, amangqamuzana omdlavuza anda ngokushesha. Kwi-leukemia engapheli, lesi sifo siqhubeka kancane futhi izimpawu zakuqala zingaba mnene kakhulu.

Umdlavuza wegazi nawo uhlukaniswa ngokohlobo lweseli. I-leukemia ehilela amangqamuzana e-myeloid ibizwa ngokuthi i-myelogenous leukemia. Amaseli we-Myeloid amangqamuzana egazi angavuthiwe ajwayele ukuba ngama-granulocyte noma ama-monocyte. I-leukemia ehlanganisa ama-lymphocyte ibizwa nge-lymphocytic leukemia. Kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko ze-leukemia:

I-leukemia enamandla kakhulu (AML)

I-leukemia ye-myelogenous acute (AML) ingenzeka ezinganeni nakubantu abadala. Ngokwe-Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Programme ye-National Cancer Institute (NCI), kutholakala izigameko ezintsha ezingama-21,000 ze-AML minyaka yonke e-United States. Le ndlela ejwayelekile kakhulu ye-leukemia. Izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu le-AML lingamaphesenti angama-26.9.

I-leukemia enamandla ye-lymphocytic (BONKE)

I-acute lymphocytic leukemia (YONKE) ivela kakhulu ezinganeni. I-NCI ilinganisela ukuthi amacala amasha angama-6,000 abo BONKE atholakala minyaka yonke. Izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu YONKE lingamaphesenti angama-68.2.

I-leukemia engapheli (i-CML)

I-chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) ithinta kakhulu abantu abadala. Cishe kube ngama-9,000 amacala amasha we-CML atholakala minyaka yonke, ngokusho kwe-NCI. Izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu le-CML lingamaphesenti angama-66.9.

I-lymphocytic leukemia engapheli (CLL)

I-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) kungenzeka ukuthi ithinte abantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-55. Akuvamile ukubonwa ezinganeni. Ngokusho kwe-NCI, cishe kutholakala izigameko ezintsha ezingama-20 000 ze-CLL minyaka yonke. Izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu le-CLL lingamaphesenti angama-83.2.

I-hairy cell leukemia iyinhlobo engezansi kakhulu ye-CLL. Igama layo livela ekubukeni kwama-lymphocyte anomdlavuza ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-leukemia?

Izimpawu ze-leukemia zifaka:

• ukujuluka okweqile, ikakhulukazi ebusuku (okubizwa ngokuthi “ukujuluka ebusuku”)
• ukukhathala nobuthakathaka obungapheli nokuphumula
• ukuncipha kwesisindo ngokungenhloso
• ubuhlungu bamathambo nobumnene
• ama-lymph node angenabuhlungu, avuvukile (ikakhulukazi entanyeni nasemakhwapheni)
• ukukhulisa isibindi noma ubende
• amabala abomvu esikhunjeni, abizwa ngokuthi i-petechiae
• ukopha kalula nokulimala kalula
• umkhuhlane noma amakhaza
• ukutheleleka okuvamile

I-leukemia nayo ingadala izimpawu ezithweni ezifakwe ngaphakathi noma ezithintwe amaseli omdlavuza. Isibonelo, uma umdlavuza usakazekela ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi, ungadala ikhanda, isicanucanu nokuhlanza, ukudideka, ukulahlekelwa ukulawula imisipha, nokuquleka.

I-leukemia nayo ingasakazekela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho, kufaka phakathi:

• amaphaphu
• umgudu wamathumbu
• inhliziyo
• izinso
• amasende

Ukuhlonza i-leukemia

I-leukemia ingasolwa uma unezici ezithile zobungozi noma eziphathelene nezimpawu. Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngomlando ophelele nokuhlolwa komzimba, kepha i-leukemia ayikwazi ukutholakala ngokuphelele ngokuhlolwa komzimba. Esikhundleni salokho, odokotela bazosebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwegazi, ama-biopsies, kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-imaging ukwenza ukuxilongwa.

Izivivinyo

Kunezivivinyo eziningi ezahlukahlukene ezingasetshenziswa ukuthola i-leukemia. Isibalo segazi esiphelele sinquma izinombolo zama-RBCs, ama-WBCs, nama-platelets egazini. Ukubheka igazi lakho ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu kungabuye kunqume ukuthi amaseli abukeka ngendlela engajwayelekile.

Izicubu ze-biopsiescan zithathwa emnkantsheni wethambo noma kuma-lymph node ukufuna ubufakazi be-leukemia. Lezi sampuli ezincane zingakhomba uhlobo lwe-leukemia nezinga lokukhula kwayo. Ama-Biopsies ezinye izitho ezifana nesibindi nobende angakhombisa ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekile yini.

Isiteji

Lapho nje i-leukemia itholakele, izobekwa esigabeni. Isiteji sisiza udokotela wakho ukuthi anqume umbono wakho.

I-AML nabo BONKE bahlelwe ngokuya ngokuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza abukeka kanjani ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu nohlobo lweseli olubandakanyekayo. KONKE ne-CLL kuhlelwe ngokuya ngesibalo se-WBC ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa. Ukuba khona kwamaseli egazi amhlophe angavuthiwe, noma ama-myeloblast, egazini nasemnkantsheni wethambo nakho kusetshenziselwa ukubeka i-AML ne-CML.

Ukuhlola ukuqhubeka

Ezinye izivivinyo eziningi zingasetshenziswa ukuhlola ukuqhubeka kwesifo:

• I-cytometry egelezayo ihlola i-DNA yamaseli womdlavuza bese inquma izinga lokukhula kwawo.
• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi kukhombisa ukuthi amaseli we-leukemia ayathinta noma ahlasela isibindi.
• Ukubhoboza i-Lumbar kwenziwa ngokufaka inaliti ezacile phakathi kwamathambo omqolo ongezansi. Lokhu kuvumela udokotela wakho ukuthi aqoqe uketshezi lomgogodla futhi anqume ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalalisile yini ohlelweni lwemizwa oluphakathi.
• Ukufanekisa izivivinyo, njenge-X-ray, i-ultrasound, kanye nezikena ze-CT, kusiza odokotela ukuthi babheke noma yikuphi ukulimala kwezinye izitho okubangelwa i-leukemia.

Ukwelapha i-leukemia

Umdlavuza wegazi uvame ukwelashwa yi-hematologist-oncologist. Laba ngodokotela abagxile ekuphazamisekeni kwegazi nomdlavuza. Ukwelashwa kuya ngohlobo nesigaba somdlavuza. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-leukemia zikhula kancane futhi azidingi ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa kwe-leukemia kuvame ukuhilela okukodwa noma okuningi kokulandelayo:

• I-Chemotherapy isebenzisa izidakamizwa ukubulala amaseli we-leukemia. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-leukemia, ungathatha umuthi owodwa noma inhlanganisela yezidakamizwa ezahlukahlukene.
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe isebenzisa imisebe ephezulu yamandla ukulimaza amaseli we-leukemia nokuvimbela ukukhula kwawo. Imisebe ingasetshenziswa endaweni ethile noma kuwo wonke umzimba wakho.
• Ukufakelwa kwesitokisi kufakwa endaweni yomnkantsha onesifo ngomnkantsha ophilile, kungaba owakho (obizwa ngokuthi ukufakelwa okuzenzekelayo) noma ovela kumnikeli (obizwa ngokuthi ukufakelwa okungu-allologous). Le nqubo ibizwa nangokuthi ukufakelwa umnkantsha.
• Ukwelashwa okungokwemvelo noma kokuzivikela komzimba kusebenzisa izindlela zokwelapha ezisiza amasosha akho omzimba abone futhi ahlasele amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
• Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe kusebenzisa imishanguzo esebenzisa ukusizakala kumaseli womdlavuza. Isibonelo, i-imatinib (i-Gleevec) isidakamizwa esiqondisiwe esivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ngokumelene ne-CML.

Umbono wesikhathi eside

Umbono wesikhathi eside wabantu abane-leukemia uncike ohlotsheni lomdlavuza abanalo kanye nesigaba sabo sokuxilongwa. Lapho i-leukemia itholakala ngokushesha futhi ilashwa ngokushesha, kuba ngcono amathuba okuba ilulame. Ezinye izinto, njengokuguga, umlando owedlule wokuphazamiseka kwegazi, nokuguquka kwe-chromosome, kungathinta kabi umbono.

Ngokusho kwe-NCI, isibalo sabantu ababulawa yi-leukemia besilokhu sehla ngamaphesenti ayi-1 unyaka ngamunye kusuka ku-2005 kuya ku-2014. Kusukela ngo-2007 kuya ku-2013, izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu (noma amaphesenti asinda eminyakeni emihlanu ngemuva kokuthola ukuxilongwa) lalingamaphesenti angama-60.6 .

Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi lesi sibalo sihlanganisa abantu bayo yonke iminyaka kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo ze-leukemia. Akukona ukubikezela komphumela wanoma yimuphi umuntu oyedwa. Sebenza nethimba lakho lezokwelapha ukwelapha i-leukemia. Khumbula ukuthi isimo somuntu ngamunye sihlukile.