Ama-lymphocyte: ayini nokuthi kungani engashintshwa

-Delile

• Ama-lymphocyte ashintshiwe
• 1. Ama-lymphocyte aphezulu
• 2. Ama-lymphocyte aphansi
• Izinhlobo zama-lymphocyte
• Yini ama-lymphocyte angama-atypical?

Ama-lymphocyte awuhlobo lweseli lokuzivikela emzimbeni, elaziwa nangokuthi amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, akhiqizwa ngobuningi uma kunokutheleleka, ngakho-ke ayinkomba enhle yesimo sempilo yesiguli.

Imvamisa, inani lama-lymphocyte lingahlolwa ngokuhlolwa kwegazi, futhi uma enwetshiwe, imvamisa kuyisibonakaliso sokutheleleka ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi uthintane nodokotela ojwayelekile ukuthola inkinga bese uqala ukwelashwa okufanele.

Ama-lymphocyte ashintshiwe

Izilinganiso ezijwayelekile zesithenjwa zama-lymphocyte ziphakathi kwama-lymphocyte ayi-1000 kuye kwangama-5000 nge-mm³ yegazi, emele ama-20 kuye kuma-50% enanini elilinganisiwe, futhi lingahluka ngokuya nge-laboratory lapho kwenziwa khona ukuhlolwa. Lapho amanani angaphezulu noma ngaphansi kwenani lesethenjwa, isithombe se-lymphocytosis noma i-lymphopenia sibonakala, ngokulandelana.

1. Ama-lymphocyte aphezulu

Inani lama-lymphocyte angaphezu kwamanani ayizethenjwa libizwa nge-lymphocytosis futhi livame ukuhambisana nezinqubo ezithathelwanayo. Ngakho-ke, izimbangela ezinkulu zama-lymphocyte aphezulu yilezi:

• Ukutheleleka okunamandla, njenge-mononucleosis, uvendle, isimungumungwane, irubella, udenga noma ukukhwehlela, isibonelo;
• Izifo ezingalapheki, njengesifo sofuba, umalaleveva;
• I-hepatitis yegciwane;
• Hyperthyroidism;
• I-anemia enamandla, ebonakala ngokushoda kwe-folic acid novithamini B12;
• Ubuthi nge-benzene nezinsimbi ezisindayo;
• Isifo sikashukela;
• Ukukhuluphala;
• Ukungezwani komzimba.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwanda kwenani lama-lymphocyte nakho kungenzeka ngenxa yezimo zomzimba, njengabesifazane abakhulelwe kanye nezinsana, ngaphezu kokuntuleka kokudla okunempilo, okufana nokushoda kukavithamini C, D noma we-calcium.

2. Ama-lymphocyte aphansi

Inani lama-lymphocyte angaphansi kwamanani okubhekisela abizwa ngokuthi yi-lymphopenia futhi imvamisa lihlobene nezimo ezibandakanya umnkantsha wethambo, njenge-aplastic anemia noma i-leukemia, isibonelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-lymphopenia nayo ingaba uphawu lwezifo ezizimele, lapho umzimba uqobo usebenza ngokumelene nokuzivikela komzimba, njenge-systemic lupus erythematosus, isibonelo (SLE).

I-Lymphopenia isengenzeka ngenxa yengculazi, ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa noma i-chemotherapy noma i-radiotherapy, izifo ezingavamile zofuzo, noma kube yimiphumela yezimo ezicindezelayo, njengokugcwala komzimba nokusebenza ngokweqile, ngokwesibonelo.

Izinhlobo zama-lymphocyte

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-lymphocyte emzimbeni, ama-B lymphocyte, angamaseli angavuthiwe akhiqizwa emnkantsheni futhi akhishwe egazini ukukhiqiza amasosha omzimba alwa namagciwane, amagciwane nesikhunta, nama-T lymphocyte, akhiqizwa emnkantsheni wethambo. kepha ezakhiwa ku-thymus zize zehlukaniswe ngamaqembu ama-3:

• Ama-lymphocyte e-CD4 T: zisiza ama-lymphocyte B ukuqeda izifo, ngokuba yisaziso sokuqala samasosha omzimba. Lawa ngokuvamile amaseli okuqala athinteka yigciwane le-HIV, kanti ezigulini ezinegciwane ukuhlolwa kwegazi kukhombisa inani elingaphansi kuka-100 / mm³.
• Ama-lymphocyte e-CD8 T: ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwezinye izinhlobo zama-lymphocyte futhi, ngakho-ke, kuyanda ezimweni ze-HIV;
• Ama-lymphocyte e-cytotoxic: ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana angavamile futhi atheleleke ngamagciwane noma amabhaktheriya.

Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolwa kohlobo lwama-lymphocyte, ikakhulukazi ohlobo lwe-CD4 noma i-CD8, kufanele kuhunyushwe njalo ngudokotela ukuze ahlole ukuthi kunengozi yokuthola i-HIV, ngokwesibonelo, ngoba ezinye izifo nazo zingadala uhlobo olufanayo lwezinguquko.

Ngakho-ke, uma kukhona ukungabaza mayelana nokutheleleka nge-HIV, kuyalulekwa ukuthi kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kwelabhorethri okubheka leli gciwane ngaphakathi kwamaseli omzimba. Funda kabanzi ngokuhlolelwa i-HIV.

Yini ama-lymphocyte angama-atypical?

Ama-lymphocyte e-atypical angama-lymphocyte aletha amafomu ahlukahlukene futhi avela ngokujwayelekile lapho kunezifo, ikakhulukazi ukutheleleka ngegciwane, njenge-mononucleosis, i-herpes, i-AIDS, i-rubella kanye nenkukhu. Ngaphezu kokubonakala kokutheleleka ngegciwane, ama-lymphocyte e-atypical angabonakala esibalweni segazi lapho kukhona ukutheleleka kwamagciwane, njengesifo sofuba ne-syphilis, ukutheleleka nge-protozoa, njenge-toxoplasmosis, lapho kune-hypersensitivity to drug or in autoimmune izifo, njengase lupus.

Imvamisa inani lala ma-lymphocyte libuyela kokujwayelekile (inani lesethenjwa lama-atypical lymphocyte lingu-0%) lapho umenzeli obangela ukutheleleka esuswa.

Lawa ma-lymphocyte abhekwa njengama-T lymphocyte acushiwe akhiqizwa ukuphendula ama-lymphocyte ohlobo oluthelelekile lwe-B futhi enza imisebenzi efanayo ne-lymphocyte ejwayelekile ekuphenduleni komzimba. Ama-lymphocyte e-Atypical ngokuvamile makhulu kunama-lymphocyte ajwayelekile futhi ayahluka ngokuma.