Konke Okudingeka Ukwazi Ngomdlavuza Wamaphaphu

-Delile

• Ziyini izimpawu zomdlavuza wamaphaphu?
• Yini ebangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu?
• Izigaba zomdlavuza wamaphaphu
• Umdlavuza wamaphaphu nobuhlungu bomhlane
• Izici zobungozi zomdlavuza wamaphaphu
• Umdlavuza wamaphaphu nokubhema
• Ukuhlonza umdlavuza wamaphaphu
• Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu
• Amakhambi asekhaya ezimpawu zomdlavuza wamaphaphu
• Izincomo zokudla kwabantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu
• Umdlavuza wamaphaphu kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
• Amaqiniso nezibalo ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu

Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza wamaphaphu?

Umdlavuza wamaphaphu ngumdlavuza oqala emaphashini.

Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu umdlavuza wamaphaphu weseli ongeyona omncane (i-NSCLC). I-NSCLC yakha cishe amaphesenti angama-80 kuya kwangu-85 awo wonke amacala. Amaphesenti angamashumi amathathu ala macala aqala kumaseli akha ulwelwesi lwezimbotshana zomzimba nezindawo zawo.

Lolu hlobo luvame ukwakheka engxenyeni engaphandle yamaphaphu (adenocarcinomas). Amanye amaphesenti angama-30 amacala aqala kumaseli agudla izindima zomgudu wokuphefumula (squamous cell carcinoma).

I-subset engavamile ye-adenocarcinoma iqala emasakeni amancane omoya emaphashini (alveoli). Ibizwa ngokuthi i-adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS).

Lolu hlobo alunalo ulaka futhi alunakuhlasela izicubu ezizungezile noma ludinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Izinhlobo ezikhula ngokushesha ze-NSCLC zifaka ama-cell-carcinoma amakhulu nezicubu ezinkulu ze-neuroendocrine.

Umdlavuza wamaphaphu wamaseli amancane (i-SCLC) umele amaphesenti angaba ngu-15 kuya kwangu-20 omdlavuza wamaphaphu. I-SCLC ikhula futhi isakazeka ngokushesha kune-NSCLC. Lokhu futhi kwenza kube lula ukuphendula i-chemotherapy. Kodwa-ke, futhi mancane amathuba okuthi welashwe ngokwelashwa.

Kwezinye izimo, izicubu zomdlavuza wamaphaphu ziqukethe womabili amaseli e-NSCLC ne-SCLC.

I-Mesothelioma ingenye uhlobo lomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ngokuvamile kuhlotshaniswa nokuchayeka kwe-asbesto. Izicubu ze-carcinoid ziqala kumaseli akhiqiza ama-hormone (neuroendocrine).

Izimila emaphashini zingakhula zibe nkulu kakhulu ngaphambi kokubona izimpawu. Izimpawu zokuqala zilingisa umkhuhlane noma ezinye izimo ezivamile, ngakho-ke abantu abaningi abafuni ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Lesi esinye sezizathu zokuthi umdlavuza wamaphaphu ungajwayelekile ukutholakala usaqala.

Funda ukuthi uhlobo lomdlavuza wamaphaphu lungathinta kanjani amazinga okusinda »

Ziyini izimpawu zomdlavuza wamaphaphu?

Izimpawu zomdlavuza wamangqamuzana ongewona omncane nesifo somdlavuza omncane wamaphaphu zifana ngokuyisisekelo.

Izimpawu zokuqala zingafaka:

• ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo noma okuqhubekayo
• ukukhwehlela isikhwehlela noma igazi
• Ubuhlungu besifuba obuba nzima lapho uphefumula kakhulu, uhleka noma ukhwehlela
• ukushaqeka
• ukuphelelwa umoya
• isifuba
• ubuthakathaka nokukhathala
• ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla nokuncipha

Ungase futhi ube nezifo zokuphefumula eziphindaphindiwe ezifana ne-pneumonia noma i-bronchitis.

Njengoba umdlavuza usakazeka, izimpawu ezengeziwe zincike lapho kwakhiwa khona izicubu ezintsha. Isibonelo, uma ku:

• Ama-lymph node: izigaxa, ikakhulukazi entanyeni noma kukhola
• amathambo: ubuhlungu bamathambo, ikakhulukazi ngemuva, izimbambo, noma okhalweni
• ubuchopho noma umgogodla: ikhanda, isiyezi, izingqinamba zokulinganisela, noma ukuba ndikindiki ezingalweni noma emilenzeni
• isibindi: ukuphuzi kwesikhumba namehlo (i-jaundice)

Izicubu ezisezingeni eliphezulu emaphashini zingathinta izinzwa zobuso, okuholele ekunciphiseni kwejwabu leso elilodwa, umfundi omncane, noma ukuntuleka komjuluko kolunye uhlangothi lobuso. Ngokubambisana, lezi zimpawu zibizwa nge-Horner syndrome. Kungadala nobuhlungu behlombe.

Izicubu zingacindezela emthanjeni omkhulu ohambisa igazi phakathi kwekhanda, izingalo nenhliziyo. Lokhu kungadala ukuvuvukala kobuso, intamo, isifuba esingenhla, nezingalo.

Umdlavuza wamaphaphu kwesinye isikhathi udala into efana namahomoni, okudala izimpawu ezahlukahlukene ezibizwa nge-paraneoplastic syndrome, efaka:

• ubuthakathaka bemisipha
• isicanucanu
• ukuhlanza
• ukugcinwa koketshezi
• umfutho wegazi ophakeme
• ushukela ophakeme wegazi
• ukudideka
• isithuthwane
• ikhoma

Funda kabanzi mayelana nezimpawu zomdlavuza wamaphaphu »

Yini ebangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu?

Noma ngubani angathola umdlavuza wamaphaphu, kepha amaphesenti angama-90 amacala omdlavuza wamaphaphu angumphumela wokubhema.

Kusukela lapho uhogela intuthu emaphashini akho, iqala ukulimaza izicubu zakho zamaphaphu. Amaphaphu angawulungisa lo monakalo, kepha ukuqhubeka nokuchayeka emsini kwenza kube nzima kakhulu emaphashini ukuthi aqhubeke nokulungiswa.

Lapho amaseli esonakele, aqala ukuziphatha ngokungajwayelekile, andise amathuba okuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Umdlavuza wamaphaphu wamaseli amancane uvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokubhema okunzima. Uma uyeka ukubhema, wehlisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ukuvezwa kwe-radon, igesi enemisebe ekhona ngokwemvelo, kuyimbangela yesibili ehamba phambili, ngokusho kwe-American Lung Association.

URadon ungena ezakhiweni ngemifantu emincane esisekelweni. Ababhemayo nabo ababhekene ne-radon basengozini enkulu kakhulu yomdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Ukuphefumula ezinye izinto ezinobungozi, ikakhulukazi isikhathi eside, nakho kungadala umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Uhlobo lomdlavuza wamaphaphu obizwa nge-mesothelioma cishe njalo lubangelwa ukuvezwa kwe-asbestos.

Ezinye izinto ezingadala umdlavuza wamaphaphu yilezi:

• i-arsenic
• ikadiyamu
• chromium
• i-nickel
• eminye imikhiqizo kaphethiloli
• i-uranium

Ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo okuzuzwe kungakwenza ube sethubeni lokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu, ikakhulukazi uma ubhema noma uvezwa kwamanye ama-carcinogens.

Kwesinye isikhathi, asikho isizathu esisobala somdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi yini ebangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu »

Izigaba zomdlavuza wamaphaphu

Izigaba zomdlavuza zisho ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalale kangakanani futhi zisiza ekuqondiseni ukwelashwa.

Ithuba lokwelashwa okuphumelelayo noma kwelaphayo liphakeme kakhulu lapho umdlavuza wamaphaphu utholakala futhi welashwa ezigabeni zokuqala, ngaphambi kokuba usabalale. Ngenxa yokuthi umdlavuza wamaphaphu awubangeli zimpawu ezisobala ezigabeni zakuqala, ukuxilongwa kaningi kuza ngemuva kokuba ususabalele.

Umdlavuza wamangqamuzana ongewona omncane unezigaba ezine eziyinhloko:

• Isigaba 1: Umdlavuza utholakala emaphashini, kepha awusakazekanga ngaphandle kwamaphaphu.
• Isigaba 2: Umdlavuza utholakala emaphashini nakuma-lymph node aseduze.
• Isigaba 3: Umdlavuza usephashini nakuma-lymph node maphakathi nesifuba.
• Isigaba 3A: Umdlavuza utholakala kuma-lymph node, kodwa ohlangothini olufanayo lwesifuba lapho umdlavuza waqala khona ukukhula.
• Isigaba 3B: Umdlavuza usabalalele kuma-lymph node ngakolunye uhlangothi lwesifuba noma kuma-lymph node ngenhla kokhololo.
• Isigaba 4: Umdlavuza usabalalele kuwo womabili amaphaphu, wangena endaweni ezungeze amaphaphu, noma ezithweni ezikude.

Umdlavuza wamaphaphu wamaseli amancane (i-SCLC) unezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko. Esigabeni esilinganiselwe, umdlavuza utholakala kuphela emaphashini noma kuma-lymph node aseduzane ohlangothini olufanayo lwesifuba.

Isigaba esibanzi sisho ukuthi umdlavuza usakazekile:

• emaphashini owodwa
• uye ephashini eliphambene
• kuma-lymph node ngakolunye uhlangothi
• uketshezi oluzungeze iphaphu
• kumnkantsha wethambo
• ezithweni ezikude

Ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa, abantu ababili kwabathathu abane-SCLC basebevele besesigabeni esibanzi.

Umdlavuza wamaphaphu nobuhlungu bomhlane

Ubuhlungu bokubuyela emuva buvame kakhulu kubantu abaningi. Kungenzeka ube nomdlavuza wamaphaphu nezinhlungu zasemhlane ezingahlobene. Iningi labantu abanezinhlungu emuva alinomdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Akuwona wonke umuntu onomdlavuza wamaphaphu othola ubuhlungu emuva, kodwa abaningi bayabuthola. Kwabanye abantu, ubuhlungu emuva buba esinye sezimpawu zokuqala zomdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Ubuhlungu beqolo bungaba ngenxa yengcindezi yamathumba amakhulu akhula emaphashini. Kungasho futhi ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalalise umgogodla noma izimbambo zakho. Njengoba sikhula, isimila somdlavuza singadala ukucindezelwa komgogodla.

Lokho kungaholela ekuwohlokeni kwe-neurologic okubangela:

• ubuthakathaka bezingalo nemilenze
• ukuba ndikindiki noma ukulahlekelwa umuzwa emilenzeni nasezinyaweni
• ukungasebenzi komchamo namathumbu
• ukuphazamiseka kokunikezwa kwegazi lomgogodla

Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, izinhlungu zasemhlane ezibangelwa umdlavuza zizoqhubeka nokuba zimbi. Ubuhlungu beqolo bungathuthuka uma ukwelashwa okufana nokuhlinzwa, imisebe, noma i-chemotherapy kungasusa ngempumelelo noma kunciphise isimila.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela wakho angasebenzisa i-corticosteroids noma anikeze ukudambisa izinhlungu okufana ne-acetaminophen kanye ne-nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs). Ngobuhlungu obukhulu, ama-opioid afana ne-morphine noma i-oxycodone angadingeka.

Izici zobungozi zomdlavuza wamaphaphu

Ingozi enkulu yomdlavuza wamaphaphu ukubhema. Lokho kufaka ugwayi, osikilidi namapayipi. Imikhiqizo kagwayi iqukethe izinkulungwane zezinto ezinobuthi.

Ngokusho kwalabo ababhemayo, usikilidi unamathuba aphindwe ka-15 kuya kwangama-30 okuthola umdlavuza wamaphaphu kunabantu abangabhemi. Uma uqhubeka ubhema, maningi amathuba okuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ukuyeka ukubhema kungehlisa leyo ngozi.

Ukuphefumula intuthu kagwayi nakho kuyingozi enkulu. Njalo ngonyaka e-United States, abantu abangaba ngu-7 300 abangakaze babheme babulawa umdlavuza wamaphaphu obangelwa intuthu kagwayi.

Ukuvezwa kwe-radon, igesi eyenzeka ngokwemvelo, kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu. URadon uvuka phansi, ungena ezakhiweni ngemifantu emincane. Yimbangela ehamba phambili yomdlavuza wamaphaphu kubantu abangabhemi. Ukuhlolwa kwasekhaya okulula kungakutshela ukuthi ngabe izinga le-radon ekhaya lakho liyingozi yini.

Ingozi yakho yokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu iphezulu uma uchayeka ezintweni ezinobuthi ezifana ne-asbestos noma ukukhishwa kukadizili emsebenzini.

Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi zifaka:

• umlando womndeni womdlavuza wamaphaphu
• umlando wakho womdlavuza wamaphaphu, ikakhulukazi uma ubhema
• ukwelashwa kwemisebe kwangaphambilini esifubeni

Funda kabanzi ngezici eziyingozi zomdlavuza wamaphaphu »

Umdlavuza wamaphaphu nokubhema

Akubona bonke ababhemayo abathola umdlavuza wamaphaphu, futhi akuwona wonke umuntu onomdlavuza wamaphaphu obhemayo. Kodwa akungabazeki ukuthi ukubhema kuyingozi enkulu kunazo zonke, kubangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Ngaphezu kogwayi, ukubhema i-cigar namapayipi nakho kuxhumene nomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Lapho uqhubeka ubhema futhi uqhubeka ubhema, kukhulu amathuba akho okuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Akudingeki ukuthi ubheme ukuze uthinteke.

Ukuphefumula intuthu yabanye abantu kwandisa amathuba okuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ngokusho kwalabo ababhemayo, intuthu kagwayi iyimbangela yokufa kwabantu umdlavuza wamaphaphu ababalelwa ku-7 300 unyaka nonyaka e-United States.

Imikhiqizo kagwayi iqukethe amakhemikhali angaphezu kuka-7 000, kanti okungenani angama-70 aziwa ngokudala umdlavuza.

Lapho uhogela intuthu kagwayi, le nhlanganisela yamakhemikhali ihanjiswa ngqo emaphashini akho, lapho iqala khona ukudala umonakalo.

Amaphaphu ngokuvamile angawulungisa umonakalo ekuqaleni, kodwa umphumela oqhubekayo ezicutshini zamaphaphu kuba nzima ukuphatha. Yilapho amaseli alimele akwazi ukushintsha futhi akhule angalawuleki.

Amakhemikhali owadonsayo nawo angena egazini lakho futhi athwalwa emzimbeni wakho wonke, okwandisa ubungozi bezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza.

Ababhemayo bangaphambili basengozini yokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu, kodwa ukuyeka ukuyeka le ngozi kungayinciphisa kakhulu leyo ngozi. Kungakapheli iminyaka eyi-10 yokuyeka, ingozi yokufa ngenxa yomdlavuza wamaphaphu yehla ngesigamu.

Funda kabanzi ngezinye izimbangela zomdlavuza wamaphaphu »

Ukuhlonza umdlavuza wamaphaphu

Ngemuva kokuhlolwa komzimba, udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi ungazilungiselela kanjani izivivinyo ezithile, njenge:

• Ukuhlola ukuhlolwaIsisindo esingajwayelekile singabonakala kuma-X-ray, MRI, CT, naku-PET scan. Lokhu kuskena kukhiqiza imininingwane eminingi futhi kutholakale izilonda ezincane.
• Isikhohlela cytology: Uma ukhiqiza i-phlegm lapho ukhwehlela, ukuhlolwa okuncane kakhulu kunganquma ukuthi ngabe amangqamuzana omdlavuza akhona yini.

I-biopsy inganquma ukuthi amangqamuzana e-tumor anomdlavuza yini. Isampula lezicubu lingatholakala nge:

• I-Bronchoscopy: Ngenkathi ungaphansi kwesilaliso, ithubhu elikhanyisiwe lidluliselwa emphinjeni nasemaphashini, okuvumela ukuhlolwa okusondele.
• I-Mediastinoscopy: Udokotela wenza imbobo ngasentanyeni. Kufakwa insimbi ekhanyisiwe futhi kusetshenziswa amathuluzi okuhlinza ukuthatha amasampuli kuma-lymph node. Kuvame ukwenziwa esibhedlela ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile.
• Inaliti: Kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging njengesiqondisi, inaliti ifakwa odongeni lwesifuba kanye nezicubu zamaphaphu ezisolisayo. I-Needle biopsy nayo ingasetshenziselwa ukuhlola ama-lymph node.

Amasampula amathishu athunyelwa kudokotela wezifo ukuyohlola. Uma umphumela ulungile kumdlavuza, ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo, njengokuhlolwa kwethambo, kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi umdlavuza usakazekile yini futhi nokusiza ngezigaba.

Kulolu vivinyo, uzojovwa ngekhemikhali enemisebe. Izindawo ezingavamile zamathambo zizobe zigqanyiswa ezithombeni. Ukuskena kwe-MRI, CT, ne-PET nakho kusetshenziselwa ukwenza iziteji

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi umdlavuza wamaphaphu utholakala kanjani »

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu

Ngokuvamile kuwumqondo omuhle ukufuna umbono wesibili ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa. Udokotela wakho angakwazi ukusiza ukwenza lokho kwenzeke. Uma uthola ukuthi unomdlavuza wamaphaphu, ukunakekelwa kwakho kuzophathwa yithimba lodokotela abangafaka:

• udokotela ohlinzayo ogxile esifubeni nasemaphashini (udokotela ohlinzayo we-thoracic)
• uchwepheshe wamaphaphu (i-pulmonologist)
• i-oncologist yezokwelapha
• i-oncologist yemisebe

Xoxa ngazo zonke izinketho zokwelashwa ngaphambi kokwenza isinqumo. Odokotela bakho bazoxhumanisa ukunakekelwa futhi bazisane.

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu weseli ongeyona omncane (i-NSCLC) kuyahluka kuye ngomuntu nomuntu. Okuningi kuya ngemininingwane ethile yempilo yakho.

Isigaba 1 NSCLC: Ukuhlinzwa ukususa ingxenye yamaphaphu kungaba yikho konke okudingayo. Kunganconywa ne-Chemotherapy, ikakhulukazi uma usengozini enkulu yokuphindeka.

Isigaba 2 NSCLC: Ungadinga ukuhlinzwa ukuze ususe ingxenye noma wonke amaphaphu akho. I-Chemotherapy ivame ukunconywa.

Isigaba 3 NSCLC: Ungadinga inhlanganisela yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, ukuhlinzwa kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe.

Isigaba 4 NSCLC kunzima kakhulu ukwelashwa. Izinketho zifaka ukuhlinzwa, imisebe, i-chemotherapy, ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe, kanye ne-immunotherapy.

Izinketho zomdlavuza omncane wamangqamuzana wamaphaphu (i-NSCLC) zifaka nokuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali nokwelashwa ngemisebe. Ezimweni eziningi, umdlavuza uzobe usudlulele kakhulu ekuhlinzweni.

Ukuhlolwa komtholampilo kunikeza ukufinyelela kuzindlela zokwelashwa ezintsha ezethembisayo. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi ufanelekile yini ukuhlolwa kokwelapha.

Abanye abantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu osezingeni eliphakeme bakhetha ukungaqhubeki nokwelashwa. Usengakhetha izindlela zokwelashwa ezithokozisayo, ezigxile ekwelapheni izimpawu zomdlavuza kunomdlavuza uqobo.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nezinye izindlela zokwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu »

Amakhambi asekhaya ezimpawu zomdlavuza wamaphaphu

Amakhambi asekhaya namakhambi we-homeopathic ngeke awelaphe umdlavuza. Kepha amakhambi athile asekhaya angasiza ukukhulula ezinye zezimpawu ezihambisana nomdlavuza wamaphaphu kanye nemiphumela engemihle yokwelashwa.

Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi kufanele yini uthathe izithako zokudla futhi uma kunjalo, yiziphi. Amanye amakhambi, ukukhishwa kwezitshalo, namanye amakhambi asekhaya kungaphazamisa ukwelashwa futhi kubeke impilo yakho engozini. Qiniseka ukuthi uxoxa ngazo zonke izindlela zokwelapha ezihambisanayo nodokotela wakho ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi ziphephile kuwe.

Izinketho zingafaka:

• Ukubhucungwa: Ngomelaphi ofanelekayo, ukubhucungwa kungasiza ekudambiseni ubuhlungu nokukhathazeka. Abanye abelaphi be-massage baqeqeshelwe ukusebenza nabantu abanomdlavuza.
• Ukuthoma: Uma kwenziwa ngudokotela oqeqeshiwe, i-acupuncture ingasiza ekunciphiseni ubuhlungu, isicanucanu nokuhlanza. Kodwa akuphephile uma unezibalo eziphansi zegazi noma uthatha izinciphisi zegazi.
• Ukuzindla: Ukuphumula nokuzindla kunganciphisa ukucindezeleka futhi kuthuthukise izinga lempilo kwiziguli ezinomdlavuza.
• I-Hypnosis: Kukusiza ukuba uphumule futhi kungasiza ngenkanuko, ubuhlungu, nokukhathazeka.
• I-Yoga: Ukuhlanganisa izindlela zokuphefumula, ukuzindla nokwelula, i-yoga ingakusiza uzizwe ungcono ngokuphelele futhi uthuthukise ukulala.

Abanye abantu abanomdlavuza baphendukela kumafutha e-cannabis. Ingafakwa emafutheni okupheka ukugcwala emlonyeni wakho noma ukuhlangana nokudla. Noma umhwamuko ungadonswa. Lokhu kunganciphisa isicanucanu nokuhlanza futhi kuthuthukise isifiso sokudla. Izifundo zabantu ziyashoda futhi nemithetho yokusetshenziswa kukawoyela we-cannabis iyahlukahluka kuye ngesifundazwe.

Izincomo zokudla kwabantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu

Akukho kudla okuqondene ngqo nomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Kubalulekile ukuthola zonke izakhamzimba ezidingwa ngumzimba wakho.

Uma untula amavithamini noma amaminerali athile, udokotela wakho angakweluleka ukuthi yikuphi ukudla okungakunika. Ngaphandle kwalokho, uzodinga isengezo sokudla. Ungathathi izithasiselo ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngoba ezinye zingaphazamisa ukwelashwa.

Nawa amathiphu ambalwa wokudla:

• Yidla noma nini lapho unesifiso sokudla.
• Uma ungenaso isifiso esikhulu sokudla, zama ukudla ukudla okuncane usuku lonke.
• Uma udinga ukuthola isisindo, engeza ngoshukela ophansi, ukudla okunama-kilojoule amaningi neziphuzo.
• Sebenzisa i-mint kanye ne-ginger teas ukuze unciphise uhlelo lwakho lokugaya ukudla.
• Uma isisu sakho sicasuke kalula noma unezilonda zomlomo, gwema izinongo bese unamathela ekudleni okungamanyala.
• Uma ukuqunjelwa kuyinkinga, engeza okuningi ukudla okunefayibha ephezulu.

Njengoba uthuthuka ngokwelashwa, ukubekezelela kwakho ukudla okuthile kungashintsha. Kanjalo nemiphumela yakho emibi kanye nezidingo zokudla okunempilo. Kuyafaneleka ukuxoxa ngokudla okunempilo nodokotela wakho kaningi. Ungacela futhi ukuthunyelwa kusazi sokudla noma kudokotela wezokudla.

Akukho kudla okwaziwa ukwelapha umdlavuza, kepha ukudla okunomsoco ongakusiza ukulwa nemiphumela engemihle futhi uzizwe ungcono.

Nakhu ukuthi ungahlangabezana kanjani nezidingo zakho zokudla uma unomdlavuza wamaphaphu »

Umdlavuza wamaphaphu kanye nesikhathi sokuphila

Lapho umdlavuza usungene kuma-lymph node nasegazini, ungasakazeka noma kuphi emzimbeni. Umbono ungcono lapho ukwelashwa kuqala ngaphambi kokuba umdlavuza usabalale ngaphandle kwamaphaphu.

Ezinye izinto zifaka iminyaka, impilo yonke, nokuthi uphendula kanjani ekwelashweni. Ngoba izimpawu zokuqala zinganakwa kalula, umdlavuza wamaphaphu uvame ukutholakala ngezigaba zakamuva.

Amanani okusinda nezinye izibalo zinikeza isithombe esibanzi salokho ongakulindela. Kunokwehluka okuphawulekayo komuntu ngamunye, noma kunjalo.Udokotela wakho usesimweni esihle sokuxoxa ngombono wakho.

Izibalo zokusinda zamanje azisho yonke indaba. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukwelashwa okusha kuvunyelwe isigaba 4 somdlavuza wamaphaphu weseli (non-small cell lung cancer) (NSCLC). Abanye abantu baphila isikhathi eside kakhulu kunangaphambili.

Okulandelayo amanani alinganiselwa eminyakeni emihlanu okusinda kwe-NSCLC ngesigaba SEER:

• Kwenziwe kwasendaweni: amaphesenti angama-60
• Isifunda: amaphesenti angama-33
• Okude: amaphesenti angu-6
• Zonke izigaba ze-SEER: amaphesenti angama-23

Umdlavuza wamaphaphu wamaseli amancane (i-SCLC) unolaka kakhulu. Kwi-SCLC yesigaba esilinganiselwe, izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu. Ukusinda kweMedian kuyizinyanga eziyi-16 kuya kwezingu-24. Ukusinda kweMedian kwesiteji esibanzi se-SCLC izinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kwezingu-12.

Ukuphila isikhathi eside ngaphandle kwezifo akuvamile. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, ukusinda okuphakathi kokutholakala kwe-SCLC izinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezine kuphela.

Isilinganiso seminyaka emihlanu sokusinda kwe-mesothelioma, uhlobo lomdlavuza olubangelwa ukuvezwa kwe-asbestos, singamaphesenti ama-5 kuye kwayishumi.

Funda kabanzi ngesibikezelo somdlavuza wamangqamuzana ongewona omncane »

Amaqiniso nezibalo ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu

Umdlavuza wamaphaphu ngumdlavuza ovame kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngokusho kwe-American Lung Association, kube namacala amasha ayi-2.1 million ngonyaka we-2018, kanye nokufa kwabantu abayizigidi eziyi-1.8 ngenxa yomdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu umdlavuza wamangqamuzana ongewona omncane (i-NSCLC), obala amaphesenti angama-80 kuye kwangama-85 kuwo wonke amacala, ngokusho kweLung Cancer Alliance.

Umdlavuza wamaphaphu wamaseli amancane (i-SCLC) umele amaphesenti angaba ngu-15 kuya kwangu-20 omdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa, abantu ababili kwabathathu abane-SCLC basebevele besesigabeni esibanzi.

Noma ngubani angathola umdlavuza wamaphaphu, kepha ukubhema noma ukuhogela intuthu kagwayi kuxhunyaniswe namaphesenti angama-90 wamacala omdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ngokusho kwalabo ababhemayo, usikilidi unamathuba aphindwe ka-15 kuya kwangama-30 okuthola umdlavuza wamaphaphu kunabantu abangabhemi.

E-United States, unyaka ngamunye abantu abangaba ngu-7 300 abangakaze babheme babulawa umdlavuza wamaphaphu obangelwa intuthu kagwayi.

Ababhemayo bangaphambili basengozini yokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu, kodwa ukuyeka ukuyeka kungayinciphisa kakhulu leyo ngozi. Kungakapheli iminyaka eyi-10 yokuyeka, ingozi yokufa ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Imikhiqizo kagwayi inamakhemikhali angaphezu kuka-7,000. Okungenani ama-70 aziwa ngama-carcinogens.

Ngokusho kwe-US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), i-radon ibhekene nokufa kwabantu ababalelwa ku-21,000 minyaka yonke e-United States. Cishe zingu-2 900 lezi zifo ezenzeka phakathi kwabantu abangakaze babheme.

Abantu abaNsundu basengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa nokufa ngumdlavuza wamaphaphu kunamanye amaqembu ezinhlanga nezinhlanga.