Ukuxilongwa Komdlavuza Wamaphaphu

-Delile

• Ukuhlonza umdlavuza wamaphaphu
• Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba
• Iskena se-CT
• I-Bronchoscopy
• Isikhohlela cytology
• I-biopsy yamaphaphu
• Ukuhlola ukusabalala komdlavuza wamaphaphu
• Izigaba zomdlavuza wamaphaphu
• Izigaba zomdlavuza wamaphaphu weseli elincane
• Izigaba zomdlavuza wamangqamuzana ongewona omncane
• Uyini umbono?
• Indaba Ka-Frank's Lung Cancer Survivor

Ukubuka konke

Odokotela bahlukanisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu ube yizinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ngokuya ngokuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza abukeka kanjani ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu. Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili umdlavuza wamaphaphu wamaseli amancane kanye nomdlavuza wamangqamuzana ongewona omncane, okuvame kakhulu. Ngokusho kwe-American Lung Association, umdlavuza wamaphaphu uyimbangela ehamba phambili yokufa komdlavuza kwabesilisa nabesifazane e-United States.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi unezimpawu zomdlavuza wamaphaphu, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha. Udokotela wakho uzohlola umlando wakho wezokwelapha, ahlole noma yiziphi izinto ezinobungozi onazo, bese enza ukuhlolwa komzimba. Udokotela wakho angancoma ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe uma kunesidingo.

Ukuhlolwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu kungaba yingozi futhi kungabeka abantu engcupheni engadingekile. Kodwa-ke, njengoba abantu bengakhombisi izimpawu kuze kube yilapho isifo sesithuthukile, ukusihlola kungasiza ukusithola kusenesikhathi, lapho sinethuba eliphakeme lokwelashwa. Ngokuvamile, udokotela wakho uzoncoma ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kuphela uma bathole isizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi ungaba naso.

Ukuhlonza umdlavuza wamaphaphu

Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba

Udokotela wakho uzohlola izimpawu zakho ezibalulekile njengokugcwala komoya-mpilo, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, nomfutho wegazi, ulalele ukuphefumula kwakho, futhi ahlole isibindi esivuvukile noma ama-lymph node. Bangakuthumela ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe uma bethola okuthile okungajwayelekile noma okungabazekayo.

Iskena se-CT

I-CT scan iyi-X-ray ethatha izithombe eziningana zangaphakathi njengoba ijikeleza emzimbeni wakho, inikeze isithombe esiningiliziwe sezitho zakho zangaphakathi. Kungasiza udokotela wakho ukuthi abone umdlavuza wokuqala noma izicubu kangcono kune-X-ray ejwayelekile.

I-Bronchoscopy

Ishubhu elincane elikhanyisiwe elibizwa nge-bronchoscope lizofakwa emlonyeni noma ekhaleni lakho bese lishone phansi emaphashini akho ukuze lihlole i-bronchi namaphaphu. Bangathatha isampula leseli ukuyohlolwa.

Isikhohlela cytology

Isikhwehlela, noma i-phlegm, uketshezi olujiyile olukhwehlela uphume emaphashini akho. Udokotela wakho uzothumela isampula lesikhohlela ebhodini ukuze kuhlolwe ngemicroscopic kunoma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma izinto ezithathelwanayo njengamagciwane.

I-biopsy yamaphaphu

Ukuhlola ukuhlolwa kungasiza udokotela wakho ukuthi abone izixuku nezicubu. Ezinye izicubu zingaba nezici ezisolisayo, kodwa odokotela be-radiologists abakwazi ukuqiniseka ukuthi banobungozi noma babi. I-biopsy kuphela engasiza udokotela wakho ukuthi anqume ukuthi ngabe izilonda zamaphaphu ezisolisayo zinomdlavuza yini. I-biopsy izobasiza futhi ukunquma uhlobo lomdlavuza nokusiza ekuqondiseni ukwelashwa.Izindlela eziningana ze-biopsy yamaphaphu zifaka okulandelayo:

• Ngesikhathi se-thoracentesis, udokotela wakho ufaka inaliti ende ukuthatha isampula loketshezi, olubizwa ngokuthi yi-pleural effusion, phakathi kwezingqimba zezicubu ezifake iphaphu lakho.
• Ngesikhathi senaliti enhle, udokotela wakho usebenzisa inaliti encane ukuthatha amaseli emaphashini akho noma kuma-lymph node.
• I-biopsy eyinhloko ifana nesifiso esihle senaliti. Udokotela wakho usebenzisa inaliti ukuthatha isampula elikhudlwana elibizwa nge- “core.”
• Ngesikhathi se-thoracoscopy, udokotela wakho wenza ukusikeka okuncane esifubeni sakho nasemuva ukuze ahlole izicubu zamaphaphu ngenshubhu encane.
• Ngesikhathi se-mediastinoscopy, udokotela wakho ufaka ithubhu elincane, elikhanyisiwe ngokusebenzisa imbobo encane phezulu kwesifuba sakho ukuze ubone ngeso lengqondo futhi uthathe amasampula wezicubu kanye ne-lymph node.
• Ngesikhathi se-endobronchial ultrasound, udokotela wakho usebenzisa amagagasi omsindo ukuqondisa i-bronchoscope phansi kogodo lwakho noma "i-windpipe" ukubheka izimila bese uzithwebula uma zikhona. Bazophinde bathathe amasampula ezindaweni okukhulunywa ngazo.
• Ngesikhathi se-thoracotomy, udokotela wakho ohlinzayo wenza isibambo eside esifubeni sakho ukususa izicubu ze-lymph node nezinye izicubu zokuhlolwa.

Ukuhlola ukusabalala komdlavuza wamaphaphu

Imvamisa, odokotela basebenzisa i-CT scan njengesivivinyo sokuqala sokuthatha izithombe. Kubandakanya ukujova kukadayi wokuqhathanisa emthanjeni. I-CT inika udokotela wakho isithombe samaphaphu akho nezinye izitho lapho umdlavuza kungenzeka usabalale khona njengesibindi sakho nezindlala ze-adrenal. Odokotela futhi bavame ukusebenzisa i-CT ukuqondisa izinaliti ze-biopsy.

Okunye ukuhlolwa kungadingeka ukuthola ukuthi umdlavuza usakaze noma kuphi, noma we-metastasized, emzimbeni:

• Odokotela bangahle ba-ode i-MRI lapho besola ukuthi umdlavuza wamaphaphu kungenzeka usabalele ebuchosheni noma emgogodleni.
• I-positron-emission tomography scan ifaka umjovo wesidakamizwa esikhipha imisebe, noma i-tracer, ezoqoqa kumaseli womdlavuza, okuvumela udokotela wakho ukuthi abone izindawo ezinomdlavuza.
• Odokotela ba-oda kuphela ukuskena kwamathambo lapho besola ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalele emathanjeni. Kubandakanya ukujova izinto ezinemisebe emthanjeni wakho, ezakheka ezindaweni ezingavamile noma ezinomdlavuza wethambo. Bese bangakubona ezithombeni.

Izigaba zomdlavuza wamaphaphu

Isigaba somdlavuza wamaphaphu sichaza ukuqhubeka noma ubukhulu bomdlavuza. Uma uthola ukuxilongwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu, isigaba sizosiza udokotela wakho aqhamuke nokwelashwa kwakho. Isiteji asikhombisi kuphela inkambo nomphumela womdlavuza wakho wamaphaphu. Umbono wakho uncike kokulandelayo:

• isimo sempilo nokusebenza jikelele
• amandla
• ezinye izimo zezempilo
• impendulo ekwelashweni

Umdlavuza wamaphaphu uhlukaniswa ikakhulukazi njengomdlavuza wamangqamuzana amancane noma omncane. Umdlavuza ongewona omncane uvame kakhulu.

Izigaba zomdlavuza wamaphaphu weseli elincane

Umdlavuza wamaphaphu weseli elincane uvela ngezigaba ezimbili ezibizwa ngokuthi "kunqunyelwe" futhi "kubanzi."

Isigaba esilinganiselwe sigcinwa esifubeni futhi kuvame ukuba semaphashini munye nakuma-lymph node angomakhelwane. Imithi ejwayelekile ifaka i-chemotherapy kanye ne-radiation therapy.

Isigaba esibanzi sihilela amaphaphu nezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Odokotela bavame ukuphatha lesi sigaba ngamakhemikhali nokunakekelwa okusekelayo. Uma unalolu hlobo lomdlavuza wamaphaphu, ungahle uthande ukubona ukuthi ngabe uyilungele yini ukuvivinywa komtholampilo okwenzelwe ukuhlola ukusebenza nokuphepha kwemithi emisha.

Izigaba zomdlavuza wamangqamuzana ongewona omncane

• Esigabeni sokusebenzelana nemimoya, amangqamuzana omdlavuza wamaphaphu askhwehlela noma kusampula eqoqwe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kepha alukho uphawu lwesimila emaphashini.
• Esigabeni 0, amangqamuzana omdlavuza asezingeni elingaphakathi impela lephaphu futhi umdlavuza awuhlaseli
• Esigabeni 1A, umdlavuza ungaphakathi kolwelwesi lwangaphakathi lwamaphaphu nezicubu ezijulile zamaphaphu. Futhi, isimila asikho ngaphezu kwamasentimitha amathathu (cm) ngaphesheya futhi asikahlaseli i-bronchus noma i-lymph node.
• Esigabeni 1B, umdlavuza usukhule waba mkhulu futhi wajula kwezicubu zamaphaphu, ngephaphu naku-pleura, ungaphezu kuka-3 cm ububanzi, noma usukhule waba yi-bronchus eyinhloko kodwa awukahlaseli ama-lymph node. Ukuhlinzwa futhi kwesinye isikhathi ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kuyindlela yokwelashwa yomdlavuza wamaphaphu esigabeni 1A naku-1B.
• Esigabeni 2A, umdlavuza ungaphansi kuka-3 cm ububanzi kodwa usabalalele kuma-lymph node ohlangothini olufanayo lwesifuba njengesimila.
• Esigabeni 2B, umdlavuza usukhule waba udonga lwesifuba, i-bronchus enkulu, i-pleura, i-diaphragm, noma izicubu zenhliziyo, ingaphezu kuka-3 cm ububanzi, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi isabalale nakuma-lymph node.
• Esigabeni 3A, umdlavuza ususabalele kuma-lymph node maphakathi nesifuba futhi ngasohlangothini olufanayo nesimila, kanti isimila sinanoma yisiphi isayizi. Ukwelashwa kwalesi sigaba kungabandakanya inhlanganisela yamakhemikhali kanye nemisebe.
• Esigabeni 3B, umdlavuza uhlasele ama-lymph node ohlangothini oluphambene nesifuba, intamo, futhi mhlawumbe nenhliziyo, imithambo yegazi emikhulu, noma isopha, futhi isimila sinobukhulu buphi. Ukwelashwa kwalesi sigaba kubandakanya ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngemisebe
• Esigabeni 4, umdlavuza wamaphaphu usabalalele nakwezinye izindawo zomzimba, mhlawumbe izindlala ze-adrenal, isibindi, amathambo nobuchopho. Ukwelashwa kwalesi sigaba kubandakanya ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, ukusekelwa, noma ukunethezeka, ukunakekelwa, futhi mhlawumbe nesilingo somtholampilo uma ungumbhikhethi futhi ukhetha ukubamba iqhaza.

Uyini umbono?

Bheka udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma usola ukuthi ungaba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ukuhlolwa okuningi kuyatholakala ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa nokuhlonzwa ukuthi umdlavuza ukulesi sigaba sini uma unomdlavuza. Ukuthola umdlavuza kusenesikhathi kungasiza udokotela wakho ukuthi awelaphe umdlavuza kusenesikhathi futhi ngempumelelo enkulu. Noma ngabe yisiphi isigaba somdlavuza, ukwelashwa kuyatholakala.

Indaba Ka-Frank's Lung Cancer Survivor