I-Cryptosporidiosis: kuyini, izimpawu, ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• Ukudluliswa kwenzeka kanjani
• Umjikelezo wokuphila
• Ukuxilongwa kwe-cryptosporidiosis
• Yelashwa kanjani

I-Cryptosporidiosis noma i-cryptosporidiasis yisifo esithathelwanayo esibangelwa i-parasite I-Cryptosporidium sp., engatholakala emvelweni, ngesimo se-oocyst, noma sokukhubaza uhlelo lwabantu emathunjini, okuholela ezinkomba ezifana nobuhlungu besisu, isicanucanu, ukugabha nohudo, ngokwesibonelo.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko ezibangela izifo kubantu yilezi I-Cryptosporidium hominis, kanti ezilwaneni kuvame kakhulu ukubona ukutheleleka nge I-Cryptosporidium parvum, kodwa futhi kungathelela nabantu. Kodwa-ke, zombili lezi zinhlobo ziyefana, zihlukaniswa kuphela ukuhlolwa kwamangqamuzana.

I-Cryptosporidiosis ingatholakala ngokuhlolwa kwesitulo se-parasitological noma i-gastric villus biopsy, futhi kufanele inconywe ngudokotela ojwayelekile noma i-gastroenterologist ngokusho kwezimpawu ezethulwe ngumuntu.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

O I-Cryptosporidium imvamisa itholakala emgodleni wamathumbu, kepha futhi ingasabalala emzimbeni wonke futhi ibekhona emaphashini, emphinjeni, pharynx, gallbladder kanye namapayipi we-pancreatic. Ngakho-ke, izimpawu eziyinhloko ezihlobene nokutheleleka ngaleli gciwane yilezi:

• Uhudo lwamanzi noma lwamafinyila;
• I-Malabsorption syndrome, njengoba kune-atrophy ye-villi yamathumbu, eyehlisa indawo yokumunca izakhi;
• Ubuhlungu obuhlangene;
• Ubuhlungu besisu;
• Ukwehla kwesisindo;
• Ikhanda;
• Ubuhlungu emehlweni;
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza;
• Umkhuhlane ophansi;
• Ukuphela kwamanzi emzimbeni.

Izimpawu zihlala isilinganiso sezinsuku eziyishumi futhi zingahluka ngokuya ngeminyaka, amandla omzimba omuntu nokutholakala kwezinye izifo. Ngakho-ke, izingane nabantu abanamasosha omzimba abekeke engcupheni, njengalabo abanegciwane le-HIV, maningi amathuba okuthi batheleleke nge-HIV. I-Cryptosporidium sp.

Ukudluliswa kwenzeka kanjani

Ukutheleleka ngeI-Cryptosporidium kungenzeka ngokuthintana ngqo nabantu abanegciwane, futhi kujwayelekile ukwenzeka ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi, njengezikhungo zokunakekela izingane kanye nezibhedlela, ngokwesibonelo, noma ngokuxhumana ngokocansi, yize ifomu lokugcina lingandile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutheleleka kungenzeka futhi ngokuxhumana nezilwane ezisusa ama-oocyst ngendle.

Ukutheleleka ngaleli gciwane kungenzeka futhi ngokungeniswa kokudla noma amanzi angcoliswe indle equkethe ama-oocyst I-Cryptosporidium. Ukudluliswa kwalesi sifo kuyenzeka ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwamachibi okubhukuda angahlanzekile noma amabhavu okugeza noma izinsalela zendle yabantu, le ndlela yokudlulisela ivame kakhulu kulabo abahamba emachibini omphakathi abanezimo ezimbi zokulungisa. Bona ezinye izifo ezingatholakala echibini noma kubhavu wokugezela.

I-Cryptosporidiosis ingesinye sezifo ezivame ukwedlula zonke ezibangelwa yisinanakazana esimeni sesibhedlela ngenxa yokuthi siyigciwane elisebenzelana nethuba, elinokuthinteka kaningi kwabantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umjikelezo wempilo yalesi silokazane ulula futhi mfushane, inani elincane lalesi silwanyana liyakwazi ukudala izifo futhi kukhona ukukhululwa kwezakhiwo ezivuthiwe, ezithanda amacala okutheleleka nge-autoinfection.

Umjikelezo wokuphila

Umjikelezo wempilo we I-Cryptosporidium mfushane, ihlala izinsuku ezi-2 kuye kwezi-7. Ama-oocyst angena emzimbeni ngokusebenzisa ukudla noma amanzi angcolile noma ngokuxhumana nabantu abanegciwane noma izindawo ezingcolile. Emzimbeni, i-oocyst ikhipha ama-sporozoites, okukhubaza umgudu wamathumbu noma ezinye izicubu, njengesistimu yokuphefumula, isibonelo.

Bese kuthi, lesi silokazane siphindaphindeke futhi sikhule, sikhiqize izinhlobo ezimbili zama-oocyst: eyodwa enodonga olujiyile, evame ukukhishwa ngendle, evumela umjikelezo ukuthi uqalise kabusha, kanti olunye lunodonga oluncane, ngokuvamile oluhlobene nokutheleleka okuzenzakalelayo.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-cryptosporidiosis

Ukuxilongwa kwe-cryptosporidiosis kwenziwa ngokuseshwa kwama-oocyst endleni ngokuhlolwa kwe-parasitological, noma ngokufuna ama-oocyst ezintweni ze-biopsy yamathumbu noma i-mucosa esikiwe.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelashwa kwe-cryptosporidiosis kwenziwa ngenhloso yokuqeda izimpawu, ikakhulukazi isifo sohudo kanye nokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, ngokufaka okunye uketshezi, ngokwesibonelo, njengoba imithi yalesi sifo isisesigabeni sokuhlola.

Ukuvikela ukutheleleka ngalesi gciwane, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuthambisa, njengokuhlanza ukudla ngaphambi kokukupheka noma ukukudla, ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kwenhlanzeko yomuntu siqu kanye nezinto ezisetshenzisiwe, ngaphezu kokugwema ukuxhumana nabantu abanegciwane. Kubalulekile futhi ukugeza izandla ngaphambi kokupheka, ukudla nangemva kokuya endlini yangasese. Nakhu ukuthi ugeza kanjani izandla zakho kahle ukugwema ukutheleleka.