I-Bipolar Disorder (Ukudangala Komuntu)

-Delile

• Ziyini Izimpawu?
• Izinhlobo ze-Bipolar Disorder
• I-bipolar I
• IBipolar II
• Ukuphazamiseka kweBipolar Hhayi Okucacisiwe (BP-NOS)
• I-Cyclothymic Disorder (i-Cyclothymia)
• I-Rapid-Cycling Bipolar Disorder
• Ukuhlonza I-Bipolar Disorder
• Ukwelapha Ukuphazamiseka Kwe-Bipolar
• Umbono

Kuyini ukuphazamiseka kweBipolar?

Ukuphazamiseka kwe-bipolar kuyinkinga ebucayi yobuchopho lapho umuntu ehlangabezana khona nokwehluka okwedlulele ekucabangeni, esimweni sengqondo nasekuziphatheni. I-bipolar disorder kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa nangokuthi ukugula okucindezelayo noma ukucindezeleka komuntu.

Abantu abanesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo ngokuvamile badlula ezikhathini zokudangala noma kwe-mania. Bangase babhekane nokushintshashintsha kaningi kwemizwa.

Isimo asifani kuwo wonke umuntu onaso. Abanye abantu bangase babe nezimo ezicindezeleke kakhulu. Abanye abantu bangaba nezigaba eziningi zobuntu. Kungenzeka ukuthi ube nezimpawu zokucindezeleka nezomuntu ngasikhathi sinye.

Abantu abangaphezu kwamaphesenti amabili baseMelika bazoba nesifo se-bipolar.

Ziyini Izimpawu?

Izimpawu zesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo zifaka phakathi ukuguquguquka kwemizwelo (kwesinye isikhathi ngokweqile) kanye nezinguquko ku:

• amandla
• amazinga womsebenzi
• amaphethini wokulala
• isimilo

Umuntu onesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo angahle angahlali ezwa isiqephu sokucindezeleka noma sobudoda. Bangakwazi futhi ukuzwa isikhathi eside semizwa engazinzile. Abantu abangenayo inkinga yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo bavame ukuhlangabezana "nokuphakama nokwehla" ezimeni zabo. Izinguquko zemizwelo ezibangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwe-bipolar zihluke kakhulu kulezi “eziphakeme neziphansi.”

Isifo se-bipolar sivame ukuholela ekusebenzeni kabi komsebenzi, enkingeni esikoleni, noma ekonakaleni kobudlelwano. Abantu abanezifo ezibucayi kakhulu, ezingalashwa zenkinga yokuguquguquka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo kwesinye isikhathi bayazibulala.

Abantu abanesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo babhekana nezimo ezingokomzwelo ezinamandla ezibizwa ngokuthi “iziqephu zemizwa.”

Izimpawu zesiqephu somoya ocindezelayo zingafaka:

• imizwa yokungabi nalutho noma yokungabi nalutho
• ukulahlekelwa yintshisekelo ezintweni ezijabulisayo ezifana nezocansi
• izinguquko zokuziphatha
• ukukhathala noma amandla amancane
• izinkinga zokuhlushwa, ukwenza izinqumo, noma ukukhohlwa
• ukungahlaliseki noma ukucasuka
• izinguquko ekudleni noma emikhubeni yokulala
• umbono wokuzibulala noma umzamo wokuzibulala

Ngakolunye uhlangothi olweqile kwe-spectrum kukhona iziqephu ze-manic. Izimpawu zemania zingabandakanya:

• isikhathi eside senjabulo enkulu, isasasa, noma injabulo
• ukucasuka ngokweqile, ukucasuka, noma umuzwa wokuthi "unentambo" (ukuxhuma)
• ukuphazamiseka kalula noma ukungahlaliseki
• ukuba nemicabango yokujaha
• ukukhuluma ngokushesha okukhulu (imvamisa ngokushesha abanye abakwazi ukuqhubeka)
• ukuthatha amaphrojekthi amasha amaningi kunalokho ongakwazi ukusingatha (kuqondiswe umgomo owedlulele)
• unesidingo esincane sokulala
• izinkolelo ezingenangqondo ngamakhono omuntu
• ukubamba iqhaza ekuziphatheni okungacabangi noma okuyingozi kakhulu njengokugembula noma ukusebenzisa imali, ucansi olungaphephile, noma ukwenza imali engenangqondo

Abanye abantu abane-bipolar disorder bangathola i-hypomania. I-Hypomania isho ukuthi “under mania” futhi izimpawu zifana kakhulu ne-mania, kodwa ayiqinile kakhulu. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalokhu ukuthi izimpawu ze-hypomania ngokuvamile azonakalisi impilo yakho. Iziqephu zeManic zingaholela esibhedlela.

Abanye abantu abanesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo babhekana “nezimo ezixubile” lapho kuhlala khona izimpawu zokucindezeleka nezomuntu. Esimweni esixubekile, umuntu uzoba nezimpawu ezibandakanya:

• ukuyaluza
• ukuqwasha
• izinguquko ezeqile ekudleni
• Umbono wokuzibulala

Umuntu uvame ukuzizwa enamandla ngenkathi ehlangabezana nazo zonke lezi zimpawu ezingenhla.

Izimpawu zesifo se-bipolar ngokuvamile zizoba zimbi kakhulu ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo uma ucabanga ukuthi unezimpawu zesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo.

Izinhlobo ze-Bipolar Disorder

I-bipolar I

Lolu hlobo lubonakala ngeziqephu ze-manic noma ezixubekile ezihlala okungenani isonto elilodwa. Ungase futhi ube nezimpawu ezinzima zomuntu ezidinga ukunakekelwa esibhedlela ngokushesha. Uma uhlangabezana neziqephu ezicindezelayo, zivame ukuhlala okungenani amasonto amabili. Izimpawu zokucindezeleka kanye ne-mania kumele zingafani ngokweqile nokuziphatha komuntu.

IBipolar II

Lolu hlobo lubonakala ngephethini yeziqephu ezicindezelayo ezixubene neziqephu ze-hypomanic ezingenazo iziqephu "ezigcwele" ze-manic (noma ezixubekile).

Ukuphazamiseka kweBipolar Hhayi Okucacisiwe (BP-NOS)

Lolu hlobo kwesinye isikhathi lutholakala lapho umuntu enezimpawu ezingahlangabezani nenqubo ephelele yokuxilongwa ye-bipolar I noma i-bipolar II. Kodwa-ke, umuntu usabhekana nezinguquko zemizwa ezihluke kakhulu ekuziphatheni kwakhe okujwayelekile.

I-Cyclothymic Disorder (i-Cyclothymia)

I-cyclothymic disorder iyindlela emnene yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo lapho umuntu enokudangala okuncane okuxubene neziqephu ze-hypomanic okungenani iminyaka emibili.

I-Rapid-Cycling Bipolar Disorder

Abanye abantu bangaphinde batholakale benesifo esaziwa ngokuthi yi-“cycling cyc bipolar disorder.” Kungakapheli unyaka owodwa, iziguli ezinalesi sifo zineziqephu ezine noma ngaphezulu ze:

• ukucindezeleka okukhulu
• umuzwa
• i-hypomania

Kuvame kakhulu kubantu abanesifo esibi se-bipolar nakulabo abatholakala besebancane (imvamisa maphakathi nentsha kuya eminyakeni eyishumi nambili), futhi kuthinta abesifazane abaningi kunabesilisa.

Ukuhlonza I-Bipolar Disorder

Izimo eziningi zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo ziqala ngaphambi kokuba umuntu afinyelele eminyakeni engama-25 ubudala. Abanye abantu bangathola izimpawu zabo zokuqala ebuntwaneni noma, ngokunye, sekwephuzile empilweni. Izimpawu ze-bipolar zingahluka ngamandla kusuka esimweni esiphansi kuya ekucindezelekeni okukhulu, noma i-hypomania iye kwi-mania enamandla. Imvamisa kunzima ukuyixilonga ngoba iza kancane futhi iya ngokuya iba yimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekela oyinhloko uzoqala ngokukubuza imibuzo mayelana nezimpawu zakho nomlando wezokwelapha. Bazophinde bafune ukwazi ngotshwala bakho noma ukusebenzisa kwakho izidakamizwa. Bangase futhi benze izivivinyo zaselebhu ukukhipha noma yiziphi ezinye izimo zezokwelapha. Iziguli eziningi zizofuna usizo kuphela ngesikhathi sesiqephu sokucindezeleka, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa okuyinhloko enze ukuhlolwa okuphelele kokuxilongwa ngaphambi kokwenza ukuxilongwa kwesifo se-bipolar. Abanye abahlinzeki bokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo bazobhekisa kuchwepheshe wezifo zengqondo uma kusolwa ukuxilongwa kwesifo se-bipolar.

Abantu abane-bipolar disorder abasengozini enkulu yezinye izifo eziningi ezingokwengqondo nezingokomzimba, kufaka phakathi:

• ukucindezeleka kwangemva kokuhlukumezeka (PTSD)
• ukukhathazeka
• ama-phobias ezenhlalo
• I-ADHD
• ikhanda le-migraine
• isifo segilo
• isifo sikashukela
• ukukhuluphala ngokweqile

Izinkinga zokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa nazo zivamile ezigulini ezinesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo.

Akunasizathu esaziwayo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo, kepha kuvame ukusebenza emindenini.

Ukwelapha Ukuphazamiseka Kwe-Bipolar

Isifo se-bipolar asikwazi ukwelashwa. Kubhekwa njengesifo esingelapheki, njengesifo sikashukela, futhi kufanele silawulwe ngokucophelela futhi siphathwe impilo yakho yonke. Ukwelashwa kuvame ukufaka yomibili imishanguzo kanye nezindlela zokwelapha, njengokwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo. Imithi esetshenziswa ekwelapheni ukuphazamiseka kwe-bipolar ifaka:

• izinto zokuqinisa imizwa ezinjenge-lithium (i-Eskalith noma i-Lithobid)
• imishanguzo ye-antipsychotic efana ne-olanzapine (Zyprexa), i-quetiapine (i-Seroquel), ne-risperidone (i-Risperdal)
• imishanguzo yokulwa nokukhathazeka efana ne-benzodiazepine kwesinye isikhathi isetshenziswa esigabeni esibucayi se-mania
• imishanguzo yokulwa nokubanjwa (eyaziwa nangokuthi ama-anticonvulsants) njenge-divalproex-sodium (Depakote), lamotrigine (Lamictal), ne-valproic acid (Depakene)
• Abantu abanesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo kwesinye isikhathi bazonikezwa imishanguzo yokwelapha ukucindezela izimpawu zokucindezeleka kwabo, noma ezinye izimo (ezinjengesifo sokukhathazeka esenzeka ngokubambisana). Kodwa-ke, imvamisa kufanele bathathe isisimamisi somoya, njengoba i-anti-depressant iyodwa ingakhuphula amathuba omuntu okuba manic noma i-hypomanic (noma yokuthuthukisa izimpawu zokuhamba ngebhayisikili ngokushesha).

Umbono

Ukuphazamiseka kwe-bipolar kuyisimo eselapheka kakhulu. Uma usola ukuthi unenkinga ye-bipolar kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi wenze i-aphoyintimenti nomhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo bese uhlolwa. Izimpawu ezingalashwa zesifo se-bipolar zizoba zimbi kakhulu. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe amaphesenti ayi-15 abantu abanesifo se-bipolar esingalashiwe bayazibulala.

Ukuvimbela ukuzibulala:

Uma ucabanga ukuthi othile usengozini ngokushesha yokuzilimaza noma ukulimaza omunye umuntu:

• Shayela ku-911 noma inombolo yakho ephuthumayo yasendaweni.
• Hlala nalo muntu kuze kufike usizo.
• Susa noma yiziphi izibhamu, imimese, imishanguzo, noma ezinye izinto ezingadala ingozi.
• Lalela, kodwa ungahluleli, uphikise, usongele, noma umemeze.