Insangu neCOPD: Ingabe Kukhona Ukuxhumana?

-Delile

• Indlela insangu nemikhuba yokubhema ewathinta ngayo amaphaphu akho
• Imikhawulo yocwaningo ezinzuzweni zezempilo nobungozi bensangu
• Ukuhlukaniswa kwensangu
• Ukulandelwa kwekhwalithi
• Ukulandela ngomkhondo ukusetshenziswa
• Izimpawu okufanele uzibheke
• Ukuhlonza i-COPD
• Ukudla okudlela endlini

Ukubuka konke

Isifo esingapheliyo se-pulmonary disease (COPD) sixhunywe ekuphefumuleni okuphefumulayo. Ngalesi sizathu, abacwaningi bebelangazelela ukuxhumana phakathi kweCOPD nokubhema insangu.

Ukusetshenziswa kwensangu akuvamile. Ucwaningo lukazwelonke ngo-2017 lwabonisa ukuthi amaphesenti angama-45 asebekhulile asebekhulile babika ukuthi basebenzise insangu esikhathini sabo sokuphila. Cishe amaphesenti ayisithupha athi ayisebenzisa nsuku zonke, kuyilapho kubikwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kogwayi nsuku zonke kwakungamaphesenti ama-4.2 kuphela.

Ukusetshenziswa kwabantu abadala kuyakhula futhi. Kwaphawulwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwensangu kuphindwe kabili kubantu abadala base-US esikhathini esiyiminyaka eyishumi. Ngo-2018, ukuthi ukwanda okukhulu kokusetshenziswa kwensangu kusukela ngo-2000 bekuphakathi kwabantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-50 nangaphezulu.

I-COPD yigama lesambulela elichaza izimo ezingalapheki zamaphaphu njenge-emphysema, i-bronchitis engamahlalakhona, kanye nezimpawu ezifana nesifuba. Kuyisimo esivamile kubantu abanomlando wokubhema.

Eqinisweni, kulinganiselwa ukuthi amaphesenti angama-90 abantu abane-COPD babhemile noma njengamanje bayabhema. E-United States, cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingama-30 bane-COPD, futhi uhhafu wabo awazi.

Ngabe ukubhema insangu kungayandisa ingozi ye-COPD? Funda kabanzi ukuze uthole ukuthi yini abacwaningi abayitholile ngokusetshenziswa kwensangu nempilo yamaphaphu.

Indlela insangu nemikhuba yokubhema ewathinta ngayo amaphaphu akho

Intuthu yensangu iqukethe amakhemikhali amaningi afanayo nentuthu kagwayi. Insangu nayo inezinga eliphakeme lokushisa, noma isilinganiso sokusha. Umphumela wesikhathi esifushane wokubhema insangu ungaxhomeka kumthamo.

Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwensangu okuphindaphindwayo nokungaguquguquki kungakhulisa ubungozi bempilo yokuphefumula engeyinhle. Ukubhema insangu isikhathi eside kunga:

• ukwandisa iziqephu zokukhwehlela
• ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwamafinyila
• kulimaza ulwelwesi lwamafinyila
• ukwandisa ingozi yokutheleleka kwamaphaphu

Kepha yimikhuba engadlala indima enkulu kunazo zonke empilweni yamaphaphu. Abantu bavame ukubhema insangu ngendlela ehlukile kunaleyo ebhema osikilidi. Isibonelo, bangabamba intuthu isikhathi eside nokujula emaphashini bese bebhema kubude obufushane bezinqe.

Ukubamba intuthu kuthinta inani letiyela amaphaphu aligcinayo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokubhema ugwayi, ukubuyekezwa kocwaningo ngo-2014 kukhombisa ukuthi amasu okuhogela insangu abangela ukuthi kufuthwe itiyela eliphindwe kane. I-tar eyengeziwe yesithathu ingena ezindleleni zomoya ezingezansi.

Ukuhogelana okude nokujula futhi kwandisa ukuminyana kwe-carboxyhemoglobin egazini lakho amahlandla ayisihlanu. I-Carboxyhemoglobin idalwa lapho i-carbon monoxide bond ne-hemoglobin esegazini lakho.

Uma ubhema, uhogela i-carbon monoxide. Kungenzeka kakhulu ukubopha i-hemoglobin kune-oxygen. Ngenxa yalokho, i-hemoglobin yakho ithwala i-carbon monoxide eningi ne-oxygen encane ngegazi lakho.

Imikhawulo yocwaningo ezinzuzweni zezempilo nobungozi bensangu

Kunentshisekelo enkulu ekutadisheni insangu. Ososayensi bafuna ukufunda ngezinjongo zayo zokwelashwa nezokuphumula kanye nobudlelwano bayo ngqo nezinkinga zamaphaphu njenge-COPD. Kepha kunemikhawulo eminingi yezomthetho, yezenhlalo, neyokusebenza.

Izici ezinomthelela ocwaningweni nasemiphumeleni zifaka:

Ukuhlukaniswa kwensangu

Insangu iyisidakamizwa soHlelo 1. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-U.S. Food and Drug Administration ayibheki ukuthi umuthi unenhloso yezokwelapha. Shejula 1 izidakamizwa zihlukaniswa ngale ndlela ngoba kucatshangwa ukuthi zinamathuba aphezulu okuhlukunyezwa.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwensangu kwenza ukutadisha ukusetshenziswa kwayo kubize futhi kudle isikhathi.

Ukulandelwa kwekhwalithi

Inani le-THC namanye amakhemikhali ensangu angashintsha ngokuya ngobunzima. Amakhemikhali ahogelwayo nawo angashintsha ngokuya ngosayizi kagwayi noma ukuthi intuthu ingakanani ehogelwayo. Ukulawula ikhwalithi nokuqhathanisa ezifundweni zonke kungaba nzima.

Ukulandela ngomkhondo ukusetshenziswa

Kunzima ukugcina ithrekhi yokuthi kungakanani izithako ezisebenzayo ezisetshenzisiwe. Umuntu ojwayelekile akakwazi ukukhomba umthamo abewubhemile. Izifundo eziningi ziphinde zigxile kwimvamisa yokusetshenziswa kepha zinganaki eminye imininingwane engathinta impilo kanye nemiphumela yocwaningo.

Lezi zinto zifaka:

• usayizi ohlangene
• umfutho wokuthi umuntu ubhema kanjani ilunga
• ukuthi abantu babelana ngamalunga
• ukusetshenziswa kwepayipi lamanzi noma i-vaporizer

Izimpawu okufanele uzibheke

Noma ucwaningo lukhawulelwe ngensangu, ukubhema noma yini kungaba yimpilo emaphashini akho. Izimpawu eziningi ze-COPD azibonakali kuze kube yilapho isimo sesithuthukile futhi kwenzeke inani elithile lokulimala kwamaphaphu.

Noma kunjalo, naka lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• ukuphelelwa umoya
• isifuba
• ukukhwehlela okungapheli
• ukuqina kwesifuba
• imikhuhlane njalo nezinye izifo zokuphefumula

Izimpawu ezingathi sína ze-COPD zihambisana nokulimala okukhulu kwamaphaphu. Kubandakanya:

• ukuvuvukala ezinyaweni zakho, emilenzeni, nasezandleni
• ukwehlisa isisindo ngokweqile
• ukungakwazi ukubamba umoya wakho
• izinzipho noma izindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

Shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu, ikakhulukazi uma unomlando wokubhema.

Ukuhlonza i-COPD

Uma udokotela wakho esola ukuthi une-COPD, bazokubuza ngezimpawu zakho bese benza ukuhlolwa okugcwele ngokomzimba. Udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa i-stethoscope ukulalela noma yikuphi ukuqhekeka, ukuphuma, noma ukuphefumula emaphashini akho.

Ukuhlolwa komsebenzi wamaphaphu kungasiza udokotela wakho ukuthi anqume ukuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kahle kangakanani. Kulesi sivivinyo, ushaya ithubhu elixhuma emshinini obizwa nge-spirometer. Lokhu kuhlolwa kunikeza imininingwane ebalulekile ngomsebenzi wakho wamaphaphu uma kuqhathaniswa namaphaphu aphilile.

Imiphumela isiza udokotela wakho anqume ukuthi ngabe kudingeka ezinye izivivinyo noma umuthi kadokotela ungakusiza uphefumule kangcono.

Yazisa udokotela wakho uma ngabe kukhona kulezi zinto ezisebenza kuwe. I-COPD ayikwazi ukwelashwa, kepha udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuphatha izimpawu ngemishanguzo nangezinguquko zokuphila.

Ukudla okudlela endlini

Abaphenyi basazama ukuthola ukuthi ukubhema insangu kuyayandisa yini ingozi ye-COPD. Izifundo ngale ndaba zilinganiselwe futhi zinemiphumela exubile.

Ukubuyekezwa kwezifundo ezihlolwe ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwensangu kubanga isifo samaphaphu sesikhathi eside kutholakale ukuthi osayizi abaningi besampula bebancane kakhulu ukuthi imiphumela ingafinyelelwa.

Ngokuvamile, ukuthi umuntu udonsa kangakanani okuthile okubikezela imiphumela emibi empilweni yabo yamaphaphu. Kubantu abane-COPD, ayikho indlela yokuphefumula kwanoma iyiphi into ethathwa njengengozi ephephile noma ephansi.

Uma ufuna ukuyeka ukubhema ukunciphisa ingozi ye-COPD kodwa udinga ukuthatha insangu ngezizathu zezokwelapha, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Ungaxoxa ngezinye izindlela zokuyithatha, njengamaphilisi kadokotela noma okudliwayo.

Uma ufuna ukuyeka insangu ngokuphelele, landela lawa macebiso: