I-Mastectomy: iyini, lapho ikhonjiswa nezinhlobo eziyinhloko

-Delile

• Lapho kuboniswa ukuhlinzwa
• Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokuhlinzwa
• 1. I-mastectomy engaphelele
• 2. I-mastectomy ephelele noma elula
• 3. I-Radical mastectomy
• 4. I-mastectomy yokuvimbela
• 5. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-mastectomy
• Injani i-postoperative
• Kwenziwa kanjani futhi nini ukwakhiwa kwamabele

I-Mastectomy inqubo yokuhlinzwa yokususa ibele elilodwa noma womabili, okuthi, ezimweni eziningi, kuboniswe kubantu abatholakale benomdlavuza, futhi kungakhethi, lapho kuphela ingxenye yesicubu isuswa, isiyonke, lapho isifuba zisuswe ngokuphelele noma ziqine lapho, ngaphandle kwesifuba, imisipha nezicubu eziseduze okungenzeka ukuthi zithintekile isimila zisuswa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-mastectomy nayo ingavimbela, ukunciphisa ubungozi besifazane ababa nomdlavuza webele, noma ingaba nenjongo yobuhle, esimweni sokuhlinzwa ngenhloso yokuhlunga, isibonelo.

Lapho kuboniswa ukuhlinzwa

I-Mastectomy ingenziwa lapho:

• Abesifazane basengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza webele (i-mastectomy yokuvimbela);
• Kuyadingeka ukugcwalisa i-radiotherapy kanye nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali komdlavuza webele;
• Omunye angavimbela umdlavuza webele kwesinye isifuba, lapho owesifazane esevele enomdlavuza esifubeni esisodwa;
• Owesifazane wethula i-carcinoma in situ, noma etholakala kusenesikhathi ukuvimbela ukuqhubeka kwesifo;
• Kukhona isifiso sokukhipha amabele, njengakumasculinizing mastectomy.

Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi owesifazane abonane nodokotela wezifo zabesifazane minyaka yonke ukuze kuhlolwe izifo zokuvikela, noma lapho kuvela izimpawu ezingakhombisa ubukhona besimila sebele, njengobukhona besigaxa, ububomvu noma ukuba khona kwemfihlo emabeleni. Funda ukubona izimpawu eziyinhloko zomdlavuza webele.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokuhlinzwa

Enhlosweni ngayinye efiselekayo ukufinyelelwa ngokususwa kwebele, uhlobo oluthile lokuhlinzwa lungenziwa, olukhethwa yi-mastologist noma udokotela ohlinzayo wepulasitiki, ngokusho kwecala ngalinye. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko yilezi:

1. I-mastectomy engaphelele

Ebizwa nangokuthi i-quadrantectomy noma i-sectorectomy, kungukuhlinzwa ukususa i-nodule noma isimila esibi, nengxenye yezicubu ezizungezile, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokukhishwa ngokuphelele kwebele.

Kulokhu kuhlinzwa, amanye ama-lymph node asondele esifubeni angasuswa noma angeke asuswe, ukugwema ingozi yokubuyela kwe-nodule.

2. I-mastectomy ephelele noma elula

Ku-mastectomy ephelele, izindlala ezincelisayo zisuswa ngokuphelele, ngaphezu kwesikhumba, i-areola kanye nengono. Kuboniswa kangcono esimweni sesimila esincane, esitholwe kusenesikhathi futhi sitholakale kahle, ngaphandle kwengozi yokusakazeka ezifundeni ezizungezile.

Kulokhu, kuyenzeka futhi ukuthi ususe noma cha ama-node esifundeni sekhwapha, ukunciphisa ubungozi besimila ukubuya noma ukusabalala.

3. I-Radical mastectomy

Kwi-mastectomy enamandla, ngaphezu kokukhishwa kwesifuba sonke, imisipha etholakala ngaphansi kwaso ne-ganglia esifundeni sekhwapha nayo iyasuswa, ikhonjiswa ezimweni zomdlavuza ezisengozini yokusatshalaliswa.

Kunokwehluka kwalokhu kuhlinzwa, okwaziwa ngokuthi yi-Patey's modified radical mastectomy, lapho kugcinwa khona imisipha emikhulu ye-pectoral, noma iMadden's modified radical mastectomy, lapho kugcinwa khona imisipha emikhulu nemincane ye-pectoral.

4. I-mastectomy yokuvimbela

I-mastectomy yokuvimbela yenziwa ukuvimbela ukukhula komdlavuza, futhi ikhonjiswa kuphela kwabesifazane abanengozi enkulu kakhulu yalesi sifo, njengalabo abanomlando obalulekile womndeni noma abanezinguquko zofuzo ezingadala umdlavuza, ezaziwa njenge-BRCA1 ne-BRCA2 . Yazi ukuthi ungenza nini ukuhlolwa kofuzo komdlavuza webele.

Lokhu kuhlinzwa kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo kuma-mastectomy aphelele noma aqine, kususwe lonke ibele, i-ganglia eseduze, kwezinye izimo, nemisipha ezungezile. Ngokuvamile, kwenziwa ukuhlinzwa kwamazwe amabili, ngoba kulezi zimo, ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza iyafana kuwo womabili amabele.

5. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-mastectomy

I-mastectomy yowesilisa noma eyesilisa luhlobo lokuhlinzwa kwepulasitiki okwenziwa ngenhloso yokunikeza ukubonakala kwesilisa esifubeni sowesifazane. Ngakho-ke, kulokhu kuhlinzwa, isifuba siyasuswa, okungaba ngamasu ehlukene, anqunywe udokotela ohlinzayo wepulasitiki, ngokuya ngosayizi nohlobo lwamabele omfazi ngamunye.

I-Mastectomy nayo ingenziwa ezimweni zomdlavuza webele emadodeni, okwenzeka ngokungajwayelekile, futhi ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo nakwabesifazane, yize amadoda enezindlala ezingaphansi kakhulu.

Kukhona nokuhlinza amabele kwezimonyo okwaziwa nge-mammoplasty, okungasetshenziswa ukunciphisa, ukukhulisa noma ukuthuthukisa ukubukeka kwamabele. Thola ukuthi yiziphi izinketho zokuhlinzwa zepulasitiki zamabele.

Injani i-postoperative

Ukuhlinzwa kokukhishwa kwesisu ukuhlinza okuhlala cishe imizuzu engama-60 kuya kwengu-90, ngomgogodla noma i-anesthesia ejwayelekile.

Ukululama ngemuva kwenqubo kuyashesha, futhi kungathatha izinsuku ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-2 zokulaliswa esibhedlela, kuya ngohlobo lokuhlinzwa nokuthi ngabe lwenziwa ngamazwe amabili noma lungahlangani.

Umsele ungashiywa, ukuze uketshezi olukhiqizwe ezinsukwini zokuqala ngemuva kokuba inqubo isusiwe, okumele inanyathiselwe futhi ihlaliswe kahle ezingutsheni ukuze ingadonswa ngengozi. Lokhu kudonsa kufanele kuthululwe cishe izikhathi ezi-2 ngosuku, ngenothi lemali ekhishelwe ukwazisa udokotela empindelweni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izincomo okufanele zilandelwe esikhathini sangemva kokuhlinzwa yilezi:

• Thatha izidakamizwa ze-analgesic noma anti-inflammatory, ezinqunywe udokotela, uma kwenzeka ubuhlungu;
• Iya empindelweni, ngokuvamile ehlelelwe izinsuku eziyi-7 kuya kwezingu-10 ngemuva kwenqubo;
• Ungathathi isisindo, ushayele noma uzivocavoca ngalesi sikhathi noma kuze kube yimvume yezokwelapha;
• Xhumana nodokotela uma kwenzeka unomkhuhlane, ubuhlungu obukhulu, ukubomvu noma ukuvuvukala endaweni yokuhlinzwa noma engalweni ohlangothini oluhlinziwe;

Ekuhlinzeni ngokususwa kwama-lymph node, ukusakazeka kwengalo ehambisanayo kungathikamezeka, futhi kuba nokuzwela kakhudlwana, kubalulekile ukukuvikela kahle ekulimaleni, ekushisweni nasekuvikeleni imizamo eyeqile.

Ngemuva kwenqubo, kusabalulekile ukuthi ukwelashwa kuqhubeke nge-physiotherapy, okuzosiza ekuthuthukiseni ukunyakaza kwezingalo, ukujikeleza nokunciphisa izinkontileka ezibangelwa ukuphulukiswa. Bona imininingwane eminingi ngokululama ngemuva kokususwa kwebele.

Kwenziwa kanjani futhi nini ukwakhiwa kwamabele

Ngemuva kokwenza noma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-mastectomy, ukuhlinzekwa kokwakhiwa kabusha kwamabele kungadingeka ukubuyisela ukwakheka kwemvelo kwamabele. Kungenziwa ngokushesha ngemuva kwenqubo noma ngezigaba, ngokulungiswa kancane kancane kwesifunda, kepha, ezimweni eziningi zomdlavuza, kungadingeka ukulinda isikhathi esithile sokuphulukiswa okuphelele noma ngemuva kwezivivinyo ukuqinisekisa ukususwa okuphelele kwamaseli amabi .

Bona okuningi mayelana nokuthi ukwakhiwa kabusha kwamabele kwenziwa kanjani.