Melanonychia

-Delile

• Izinhlobo ze-melanonychia
• Izimbangela
• Izinketho zokwelashwa
• Ukuxilongwa
• Izinkinga
• Umbono

Ukubuka konke

I-Melanonychia yisimo sezinzipho noma izinzwani. IMelanonychia kulapho unemigqa ensundu noma emnyama kuzinzipho zakho. Ukwehlukaniswa kwemvelo kuvame ukuba semgqeni oqala ezansi kombhede wakho wezipikili bese uqhubeka phezulu. Kungaba kusipikili esisodwa noma eziningana. Le migqa ingaba yinto engokwemvelo uma unebala elimnyama.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imbangela ingaba yini, kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi udokotela ahlole noma iyiphi i-melanonychia. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kwesinye isikhathi kungaba yisibonakaliso sezinye izindaba zezempilo. I-Melanonychia nayo ingabizwa ngokuthi i-melanonychia striata noma i-longitudinal melanonychia.

Izinhlobo ze-melanonychia

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezibanzi ze-melanonychia:

• Ukwenza kusebenze iMelanocytic. Lolu hlobo ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kanye nokufakwa kwe-melanin kuzipho lwakho, kepha hhayi ukwanda kwamaseli e-pigment.
• I-Melanocytic hyperplasia. Lolu hlobo ukwanda kwenani lamaseli e-pigment embhedeni wakho wezipikili.

Izimbangela

Izipikili zezinzwane zakho noma iminwe yakho zivame ukuguquguquka hhayi ukuthi zifakwe umbala. I-Melanonychia idalwa lapho amangqamuzana e-pigment, abizwa ngokuthi ama-melanocyte, efaka i-melanin esikhonkosini. I-Melanin ingumbala ombala onsundu. Lezi zimali zivame ukuqoqwa ndawonye. Njengoba isipikili sakho sikhula, senza umugqa onsundu noma omnyama uvele kusipikili sakho. Lokhu kufakwa kwe-melanin kubangelwa yizinqubo ezimbili eziyinhloko. Lezi zinqubo zinezimbangela ezihlukile.

Ukwenza kusebenze iMelanocytic kungabangelwa:

• ukukhulelwa
• ukuhluka ngokobuhlanga
• ukuhlukumezeka
  • umhubhe we-carpal syndrome
  • ukuluma kwezipikili
  • ukukhubazeka onyaweni lwakho okubangela ukungqubuzana ngezicathulo zakho
• ukutheleleka ngezipikili
• icus licus
• ukhwekhwe
• amyloidosis
• izinsumpa ezibangelwa amagciwane
• umdlavuza wesikhumba
• Isifo i-Addison
• I-Cushing syndrome
• i-hyperthyroidism
• i-hormone yokukhula ukungasebenzi
• ukuzwela
• insimbi eningi kakhulu
• lupus
• I-HIV
• i-phototherapy
• Ukuvezwa kwe-X-ray
• izidakamizwa ze-antimalaria
• izidakamizwa zamakhemikhali

I-Melanocytic hyperplasia ingabangelwa ngu:

• izilonda (ngokuvamile ezinobungozi)
• ama-moles noma izimpawu zokuzalwa (ngokuvamile zilungile)
• umdlavuza wesipikili

Ezinye izimbangela ze-melanonychia ngaphezu kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zingafaka:

• amanye amagciwane
• ugwayi
• udayi wezinwele
• i-nitrate yesiliva
• zehena

Abantu bomdabu wase-Afrika yibo abanamathuba amaningi okuzwa i-melanonychia.

Izinketho zokwelashwa

Ukwelashwa kwe-melanonychia kuyahluka kuye ngesizathu. Uma i-melanonychia yakho isuka ebangeni elibi futhi ingenalo umdlavuza, ngakho-ke izikhathi eziningi, alukho unyango oludingekayo. Uma i-melanonychia yakho ibangelwa yimithi, udokotela wakho angashintsha imithi yakho noma uyeke ukuyiphuza isikhashana, uma lokho kungenzeka. Ngemithi ongayeki ukuyiphuza, i-melanonychia izoba nje imiphumela emibi ozojwayela ngayo. Ezinye izinketho zokwelashwa zincike kusizathu futhi zingafaka:

• uthatha imishanguzo elwa namagciwane noma yokubulala, uma ukutheleleka kuyimbangela
• ukwelapha isifo esiyisisekelo noma isimo sezokwelapha esibangela i-melanonychia

Uma i-melanonychia yakho iyingozi noma inomdlavuza, isimila noma indawo enomdlavuza kufanele isuswe ngokuphelele. Lokhu kungasho ukuthi uzolahlekelwa yikho konke noma ingxenye yesipikili sakho. Kwezinye izimo, umunwe noma uzwane onesimila kungadingeka unqunywe.

Ukuxilongwa

Ukuxilongwa kwe-melanonychia kufinyelelwa ngemuva kochungechunge lwezivivinyo nokuhlolwa. Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokuhlolwa ngokomzimba kwazo zonke izinzipho zakho nezinzwani. Lokhu kuhlolwa ngokomzimba kufaka phakathi ukubheka ukuthi ngabe inzipho yakho ikhubazekile nganoma iyiphi indlela, zingaki izipikili ezine-melanonychia, kanye nombala, ukuma, nosayizi we-melanonychia yakho. Udokotela wakho uzophinde abheke umlando wakho wezokwelapha ukubona ukuthi ngabe unezimo ezithile zezokwelapha ezingadala i-melanonychia.

Isinyathelo esilandelayo sokuxilongwa wukuhlolwa kwesikhumba usebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lwe-microscope ukuze ubhekisise izindawo ezishintshe umbala. Udokotela wakho uzobheka ngokuyinhloko izimpawu zokuthi i-melanonychia yakho ingaba yimbi. Izimpawu ze-nail melanoma ezingaba khona yilezi:

• ngaphezulu kokuthathu kokuthathu kwepuleti le-nail kuyakhanya
• i-pigmentation ensundu engajwayelekile
• umbala omnyama noma ompunga ngombala onsundu
• imbala eyimbudumbudu ebukeka
• ukukhubazeka kwesipikili

Ngaphandle kokufuna izimpawu ze-melanoma engenzeka, udokotela wakho uzohlanganisa okutholakele kusuka ku-dermoscopy kanye nokuhlolwa komzimba ukuthola uhlobo nembangela ye-melanonychia yakho.

Ngemuva kwalezi zinyathelo ezimbili, udokotela wakho angenza ne-biopsy yesipikili sakho. I-biopsy isusa ingxenye encane yezicubu zakho zezipikili nezipikili ukuze zihlolwe. Lesi sinyathelo sizokwenziwa ezimweni eziningi ze-melanonychia ngaphandle uma kungekho zimpawu zomdlavuza. I-biopsy isinyathelo esibalulekile ekutholeni i-melanonychia ngoba izotshela udokotela wakho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi iyimbi noma cha.

Izinkinga

Izinkinga ezingenzeka ze-melanonychia zifaka umdlavuza we-nail, ukuphuma kwegazi ngaphansi kwepikili, ukuhlukaniswa kwepikili lakho, nokukhubazeka kwepikili lakho. I-nail biopsy nayo ingadala ukukhubazeka kwezipikili ngoba isusa ingxenye yesipikili.

Umbono

Umbono we-melanonychia enobungozi muhle, futhi ezimweni eziningi, awudingi ukwelashwa. Noma kunjalo, imvamisa ayisuki yodwa.

Isimo se-melanonychia esibi asisihle kangako. Lesi simo sidinga ukususwa kwesimila okungafaka nokunqunywa komunwe noma uzwane. Umdlavuza wesipikili kuyinselele ukuwubamba usaqala ngenxa yokufana kwawo nezimbangela eziyingozi ze-melanonychia. Ucwaningo luye lwathola ukuthi ukwenza i-biopsy kuma-melanonychia amaningi kuyindlela engcono yokuthola ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili.