I-Microcephaly: kuyini, izimpawu, izimbangela kanye nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• Izimbangela ezingaba khona
• Ungakuqinisekisa kanjani ukuxilongwa
• Izinhlobo ze-microcephaly
• Yelashwa kanjani
• 1. Ukwelashwa kwenkulumo
• 2. Izikhathi ze-Physiotherapy
• 3. Ukwelashwa emsebenzini
• 4. Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi
• 5. Imijovo yeBotox
• 6. Ukuhlinzwa ekhanda

I-Microcephaly yisifo lapho ikhanda nobuchopho bezingane buncane kunokujwayelekile ngeminyaka yazo futhi lokhu kungadalwa ukungalungi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa okubangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zamakhemikhali noma ukutheleleka ngamagciwane noma amagciwane, njenge-Zika virus, ngokwesibonelo .

Lesi sifo singaguqula ukukhula kwengqondo kwengane, ngoba amathambo ekhanda, ahlukanisiwe lapho kuzalwa, ahlangana kusenesikhathi, evimbela ubuchopho ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukiseni amandla awo ngokujwayelekile. Ngenxa yalokhu, ingane ene-microcephaly ingadinga ukunakekelwa impilo yonke, kepha lokhu kuvame ukuqinisekiswa ngemuva konyaka wokuqala wokuphila futhi kuzoncika kakhulu ekutheni ubuchopho bukwazi kangakanani ukukhula nokuthi iziphi izingxenye zobuchopho ezisengozini enkulu.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Isici esiyinhloko se-microcephaly yinhloko nobuchopho obuncane kunokujwayelekile ngeminyaka yengane, okungazivezi izimpawu, noma kunjalo kungaphazamisa ukukhula kwengane, futhi kungahle kube khona:

• Izinkinga ezibonakalayo;
• Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa;
• Ukuwohloka kwengqondo;
• Ukusilela kwengqondo;
• Ukukhubazeka;
• Ukudlikizela;
• Isifo sokuwa;
• I-Autism.

Lesi simo futhi singaholela ekuqhamukeni kokuqina kwezicubu zomzimba, okwaziwa ngokwesayensi njengokuqina, njengoba le misipha ilawulwa ubuchopho futhi uma kwenzeka i-microcephaly lo msebenzi ungasebenzi kahle.

Qonda kabanzi nge-microcephaly nokuthi ungayinakekela kanjani ingane enale nkinga ngokubuka le vidiyo elandelayo:

Izimbangela ezingaba khona

Enye yezimbangela ezinkulu ezihlobene ne-microcephaly ukutheleleka ngamagciwane kaZika neChikungunya ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ikakhulukazi ku-trimester yokuqala yokukhulelwa. Kodwa-ke, lesi simo singenzeka futhi ngenxa ye:

• Izifo ezifana ne-rubella, i-cytomegalovirus ne-toxoplasmosis;
• Ukusetshenziswa kogwayi, utshwala noma izidakamizwa, njenge-cocaine ne-heroin ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa;
• I-Rett syndrome;
• Ubuthi nge-mercury noma ngethusi;
• Meningitis;
• Ukungondleki kahle;
• I-HIV Yomama;
• Izifo ze-Metabolic kumama, njenge-phenylketonuria;
• Ukuvezwa kwemisebe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa;
• Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yokulwa nesifo sokuwa, i-hepatitis noma umdlavuza ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuqala zokukhulelwa.

I-Microcephaly nayo ingaba ufuzo futhi ivela ezinganeni ezinezinye izifo ezifana ne-West syndrome, i-Down syndrome ne-Edwards syndrome, isibonelo. Ngakho-ke, ingane ene-microcephaly nayo enanoma iyiphi kulawa ma-syndromes ingaba nezinye izici zomzimba, ukukhubazeka kanye nezinkinga eziningi kakhulu kunezingane ezine-microcephaly kuphela.

Ungakuqinisekisa kanjani ukuxilongwa

Ukuxilongwa kwe-microcephaly kungenziwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ngokuhlolwa kokubeletha, njenge-ultrasound, ngokwesibonelo, futhi kungaqinisekiswa ngemuva nje kokubeletha ngokulinganisa usayizi wekhanda lengane, elenziwe ngumhlengikazi noma udokotela. Thola okuningi lapho kufanele wenze i-ultrasound ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izivivinyo ezinjenge-computed tomography noma i-brain magnetic resonance imaging nazo zisiza ukukala ubunzima be-microcephaly nokuthi yini imiphumela yayo engaba khona ekukhuleni kwengane.

Izinhlobo ze-microcephaly

Ezinye izifundo zihlukanisa i-microcephaly kwezinye izinhlobo, njenge:

• I-microcephaly eyinhloko: lolu hlobo lwenzeka lapho kukhona ukwehluleka ekukhiqizeni ama-neuron, angamaseli obuchopho, ngesikhathi sokukhula kombungu;
• I-Microcephaly yangemva kokubeletha: wuhlobo lapho ingane izalwa khona nogebhezi olufanele nosayizi wobuchopho, kepha ukukhula kwalezi zingxenye akulandeli ukukhula kwengane;
• I-microcephaly ejwayelekile: kwenzeka lapho ingane izalwa nogebhezi oluncane, kodwa ingakhombisi izinguquko zemizwa, futhi lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abazali bengane nabo banekhanda elincanyana.

Kukhona nolunye uhlobo olubizwa ngokuthi yi-microcephaly ehlobene, lapho izingane ezinezinkinga zemizwa zinezinkinga ngokukhula kogebhezi, kepha luluhlu oluncane kakhulu olusetshenziswa odokotela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izifundo zihlukanisa i-microcephaly njengeyinhloko, lapho amathambo ogebhezi wengane evala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kufika ezinyangeni eziyisi-7, noma kwesibili, lapho amathambo evala esigabeni sokugcina sokukhulelwa noma ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelashwa kwe-microcephaly kumele kuqondiswe udokotela wezingane kanye nodokotela wezinzwa, kepha-ke ukungenelela kwabanye ochwepheshe abanjengabahlengikazi, abasebenza ngokuzivocavoca umzimba kanye nabelaphi emsebenzini kuyadingeka, abazosiza ingane ukuthi ikhule ngokulinganiselwa okuncane okungenzeka kube khona ukuze ibe nekhwalithi enkulu wempilo.

Ukwelashwa bese kuyehluka kuye ngesimo ngasinye, ikakhulukazi ngokuya ngemikhawulo yengane ngayinye. Noma kunjalo, izinhlobo zokwelashwa ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zifaka:

1. Ukwelashwa kwenkulumo

Ukwenza ngcono ikhono lokukhuluma, ingane kufanele ihambisane nodokotela wezinkulumo okungenani ama-3 ngesonto.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abazali kufanele baculele ingane izingoma ezincane futhi bakhulume nayo babheke emehlweni usuku lonke, noma bengaphenduli kulesi sikhuthazo. Ukushukuma komzimba kufanele kusetshenziselwe ukwenza kube lula ukuqonda okushoyo nokuthola ukunaka kwengane kangcono. Bheka eminye imidlalo engenziwa ukukhuthaza inkulumo.

2. Izikhathi ze-Physiotherapy

Ukwenza ngcono ukukhula kwezimoto, ukukhulisa ibhalansi nokugwema ukuqina kwemisipha nokuqaqamba kwemisipha, kubalulekile ukwenza izikhathi eziningi zokwelapha ngokomzimba ngangokunokwenzeka, okungenani ama-3 ngesonto, ukwenza izivivinyo ezilula zePilates ball, ukuzelula, izikhathi ze-psychomotricity kanye ne-hydrotherapy kungasiza .

I-Physiotherapy ikhonjisiwe ngoba ingaba nemiphumela ekukhuleni kwengane ngokomzimba, kepha futhi ngoba iyasiza ekukhuleni kwengqondo.

3. Ukwelashwa emsebenzini

Endabeni yezingane ezindala ngenhloso yokukhulisa ukuzimela, ukubamba iqhaza ezinhlelweni zokwelashwa emsebenzini kungakhonjiswa nodokotela, lapho imisebenzi yansuku zonke ingaqeqeshwa khona, njengokuxubha amazinyo noma ukudla, kusetshenziswa imishini ekhethekile., Ngokwesibonelo.

Ukwenza ngcono ikhono lokuzihlanganisa, umuntu kufanele futhi ahlole ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukugcina ingane isesikoleni esijwayelekile ukuze ikwazi ukuxhumana nezinye izingane ezingenayo i-microcephaly, ikwazi ukubamba iqhaza emidlalweni nakumageyimu akhuthaza ukuxhumana nomphakathi. Kodwa-ke, uma kukhona ukubambezeleka kokukhula kwengqondo, ingane kungenzeka ingafundi ukufunda noma ukubhala, yize ingaya esikoleni ukuze ixhumane nezinye izingane.

Ekhaya, abazali kufanele bakhuthaze ingane ngangokunokwenzeka, badlale phambi kwesibuko, babe sohlangothini lwengane futhi babambe iqhaza emihlanganweni yomndeni nabangane noma nini lapho kungenzeka khona ukuzama ukugcina ubuchopho bengane busebenza njalo.

4. Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi

Ingane ene-microcephaly ingadinga ukuphuza imishanguzo enikezwe udokotela ngokusho kwezimpawu ezizivezayo, njenge-anticonvulsant ukunciphisa ukuqubuka noma ukwelapha ukungasebenzi kahle, njengeDiazepam noma iRitalin, ngaphezu kokunciphisa izinhlungu, njengeParacetamol, ukunciphisa imisipha ubuhlungu ngenxa yengcindezi eyeqile.

5. Imijovo yeBotox

Imijovo ye-Botox ingakhonjiswa ekwelapheni ezinye izingane ezine-microcephaly, ngoba zingasiza ekwehliseni ukuqina kwemisipha futhi zenze ngcono ukucabanga komzimba wemvelo, kusize izikhathi ze-physiotherapy nokunakekelwa kwansuku zonke.

Imvamisa imijovo ye-Botox ikhonjiswa lapho ingane ihlale inemisipha enenkontileka enamandla, ngokungazibandakanyi, okwenza izinto ezilula njengokugeza noma ukushintsha inabukeni kube nzima. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-botox kuthathwa njengokuphephile futhi akunazingozi empilweni, inqobo nje uma kusetshenziswa umthamo ofanele futhi njalo kunconywa ngudokotela.

6. Ukuhlinzwa ekhanda

Kwezinye izimo, ukuhlinzwa kungenziwa ngokusika ekhanda ukuvumela ubuchopho ukuthi bukhule, kunciphise ukulandelana kwalesi sifo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuhlinzwa ukuze kube nomphumela kufanele kwenziwe kuze kube yilapho ingane inezinyanga ezimbili ubudala futhi ayikhonjisiwe kuwo wonke amacala, kuphela lapho kungaba khona izinzuzo eziningi kanye nezingozi ezimbalwa ezihambisanayo.