I-Microtia

-Delile

• Amabanga amane we-microtia
• Izithombe ze-microtia
• Yini ebangela i-microtia?
• Itholakala kanjani i-microtia?
• Izinketho zokwelashwa
• Ukuhlinzwa kobambo lwe-ribil cartilage
• Ukuhlinzwa kokuhlungwa kweMedpor
• Indlebe yangaphandle yokwenziwa
• Imishini yokuzwa efakwe ngokuhlinzwa
• Umthelela empilweni yansuku zonke
• Uyini umbono?

Yini i-microtia?

IMicrotia ukungajwayelekile kokuzalwa lapho ingxenye yangaphandle yendlebe yengane ingathuthuki kahle futhi ivamise ukungalungi. Isici singathinta indlebe eyodwa (eyodwa) noma zombili (zombili) izindlebe. Cishe kumaphesenti angama-90 wamacala, kwenzeka ngokungafani.

E-United States, i-microtia icishe ibe ngu-1 kuye ku-5 kwabangu-10 000 abazalwa ngonyaka. I-bilateral microtia ilinganiselwa ukuthi yenzeka kuphela ekuzalweni okungu-1 kwabangu-25,000 ngonyaka.

Amabanga amane we-microtia

I-Microtia ivela emazingeni amane ahlukene, noma amamaki, obukhali:

• Ibanga I. Ingane yakho ingaba nendlebe yangaphandle ebonakala incane kepha ijwayelekile, kepha umsele wendlebe ungancishiswa noma ulahleke.
• IBanga II. Ingxenye yesithathu engezansi yendlebe yengane yakho, kufaka phakathi i-earlobe, ingahle ibonakale ithuthukiswe ngokujwayelekile, kepha izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu eziphezulu zincane futhi azilungile. Umsele wendlebe ungaba mncane noma ulahlekile.
• Ibanga lesithathu. Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-microtia olubonwa ezinganeni nasezinganeni. Ingane yakho kungenzeka ukuthi yathuthuka kancane, izingxenye ezincane zendlebe yangaphandle ekhona, kufaka phakathi ukuqala kwe-lobe nenani elincane le-cartilage phezulu. Nge-grade III microtia, imvamisa akukho msele wendlebe.
• IBanga IV. Uhlobo olunzima kakhulu lwe-microtia lwaziwa nangokuthi i-anotia. Ingane yakho ine-anotia uma ingekho indlebe noma umsele wendlebe okhona, kungaba unilaterally noma ngokubili.

Izithombe ze-microtia

Yini ebangela i-microtia?

I-Microtia ivame ukukhula phakathi ne-trimester yokuqala yokukhulelwa, emasontweni okuqala okuthuthuka. Imbangela yayo ayaziwa kakhulu kepha kwesinye isikhathi ixhunyaniswe nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa noma utshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, izimo zofuzo noma izinguquko, izimbangela zemvelo, kanye nokudla okuphansi kuma-carbohydrate kanye ne-folic acid.

Into eyodwa engabonakala engcupheni ye-microtia ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yezinduna i-Accutane (isotretinoin) ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Lo muthi uhlotshaniswe nokungahleleki okuningi kokuzalwa, kufaka phakathi i-microtia.

Esinye isici esingahle sibeke ingane engcupheni ye-microtia yisifo sikashukela, uma umama enesifo sikashukela ngaphambi kokukhulelwa. Omama abanesifo sikashukela babonakala besengozini enkulu yokubeletha ingane ene-microtia kunabanye besifazane abakhulelwe.

IMicrotia ayibonakali iyisimo esizuzwe ngofuzo ingxenye enkulu. Ezimweni eziningi, izingane ezine-microtia azinawo amanye amalungu omndeni analesi simo. Kubukeka sengathi kwenzeka ngokungahleliwe futhi kuze kwabonwa nangamaqoqo amawele ukuthi ingane eyodwa inayo kodwa enye ayinayo.

Yize ukuvela okuningi kwe-microtia kungasilo ifa, kumaphesenti amancane we-microtia ezuzwe njengefa, isimo singeqa izizukulwane. Futhi, omama abanengane eyodwa ezelwe nge-microtia banengozi eyenyuka kancane (amaphesenti ama-5) yokuba nenye ingane enalesi sifo futhi.

Itholakala kanjani i-microtia?

Udokotela wezingane wengane yakho kufanele akwazi ukuxilonga i-microtia ngokubuka. Ukunquma ubunzima, udokotela wengane yakho uzo-oda ukuhlolwa ngendlebe, impumulo, nomphimbo (ENT) uchwepheshe nokuhlolwa kokuzwa nodokotela wezwi wezingane.

Kungenzeka futhi ukuxilonga ubukhulu be-microtia yengane yakho ngokuskena kwe-CAT, yize lokhu kwenziwa kuphela lapho ingane isikhulile.

Isazi sokulalelwayo sizohlola izinga lokulahlekelwa kokuzwa kwengane yakho, futhi i-ENT izokuqinisekisa ukuthi ngabe ikhona indlebe ekhona noma engekho. I-ENT yengane yakho izokwazi futhi ukweluleka ngokuphathelene nezinketho zosizo lokuzwa noma ukuhlinzwa okwakha kabusha.

Ngoba i-microtia ingenzeka ihambisane nezinye izimo zofuzo noma ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa, udokotela wezingane wengane yakho naye uzofuna ukukhipha okunye ukuxilongwa. Udokotela angancoma i-ultrasound yezinso zengane yakho ukuhlola ukukhula kwayo.

Ungase futhi udluliselwe kuchwepheshe wezofuzo uma udokotela wengane yakho esola ukuthi ezinye izinto ezingezona ezofuzo kungenzeka ukuthi zidlala.

Kwesinye isikhathi ama-microtia avela eceleni kwamanye ama-craniofacial syndromes, noma njengengxenye yawo. Uma udokotela wezingane esola lokhu, ingane yakho ingadluliselwa kochwepheshe be-craniofacial noma abelaphi ukuze baqhubeke nokuhlolwa, ukwelashwa nokwelashwa.

Izinketho zokwelashwa

Eminye imindeni ikhetha ukungangeneleli ngokuhlinzwa. Uma ingane yakho isewusana, ukuhlinzwa okwakhiwa kabusha komsele wezindlebe akukwazi ukwenziwa okwamanje. Uma ungaphatheki kahle ngezinketho zokuhlinzwa, ungalinda ingane yakho ize ikhule. Ukuhlinzwa kwe-microtia kuvame ukuba lula ezinganeni ezindala, njengoba kukhona uqwanga oluningi olutholakala ngokuxhunyelelwa.

Kungenzeka kwezinye izingane ezizalwe zine-microtia ukusebenzisa imishini yokuzwa engeyona eyokuhlinzwa. Ngokuya ngobukhulu be-microtia yengane yakho, ingahle ibe ikhandidethi yalolu hlobo lwedivayisi, ikakhulukazi uma isencane kakhulu ukuba ingahlinzwa noma uma uyihlehlisa. Izinsiza-kuzwa zingasetshenziswa futhi uma kukhona umsele wendlebe.

Ukuhlinzwa kobambo lwe-ribil cartilage

Uma ukhetha ukufakelwa izimbambo kwengane yakho, zizoqhutshwa izinqubo ezimbili kuya kwezine esikhathini esiyizinyanga ezimbalwa kuya onyakeni. Uqwanga lwezimbambo luyasuswa esifubeni sengane yakho futhi lusetshenziselwa ukudala ukwakheka kwendlebe. Bese ifakwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba endaweni lapho indlebe ibizotholakala khona.

Ngemuva kokuthi uqwanga olusha selufake ngokuphelele endaweni, kungenziwa ukuhlinzwa okwengeziwe nokufakwa kwezikhumba ukuze kubekwe kahle indlebe. Kunconywa ukuhlinzekwa kwezimbambo ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-8 kuya kwengu-10 ubudala.

Uqwanga lwezimbambo luqinile futhi luhlala isikhathi eside. Izicubu zomzimba wengane yakho nazo mancane amathuba okuthi zenqatshwe njengezinto zokufakelwa.

Ukwehla kokuya ekuhlinzweni kubandakanya izinhlungu kanye nokulimala okungenzeka kusiza sokuxhunyelelwa. Uqwanga lwezimbambo olusetshenziselwe ukufakelwa nalo luzozizwa luqinile futhi luqinile kunokhwathi lwendlebe.

Ukuhlinzwa kokuhlungwa kweMedpor

Lolu hlobo lokwakha kabusha lubandakanya ukufakelwa okokusebenza kunokuba kwenziwe uqwanga. Imvamisa ingaqedwa ngenqubo eyodwa futhi isebenzise izicubu zekhanda ukumboza okokufaka.

Izingane ezineminyaka yobudala engu-3 zingayenza le nqubo ngokuphepha. Imiphumela ihambisana kakhulu kunokuhlinzwa okwenziwe ngobambo. Kodwa-ke, kunengozi enkulu yokutheleleka nokulahleka kokufakwa ngenxa yokuhlukumezeka noma ukulimala ngoba ayifakwanga nezicubu ezizungezile.

Akukaziwa okwamanje ukuthi izimila zeMedpor zihlala isikhathi esingakanani, ngakho-ke abanye abahlinzayo bezingane ngeke banikele noma benze le nqubo.

Indlebe yangaphandle yokwenziwa

Ama-Prosthetics angabukeka engokoqobo futhi agqokwe nge-adhesive noma ngohlelo lwehange olufakwe ngokuhlinzwa. Inqubo yokufaka izikhonkwane incane, futhi isikhathi sokutakula sincane.

Ama-Prosthetics ayindlela enhle ezinganeni ezingakwazanga ukwakhiwa kabusha noma okungekho okwakhiwe kabusha okungaphumelelanga.Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu banobunzima ngombono wokufakelwa okwenziwe okutholakalayo.

Abanye bangaba nokuzwela kwesikhumba kuma-adhesives ebanga lezokwelapha. Izinhlelo ezigxiliwe zehange nazo zingakhuphula ingozi yengane yakho yokutheleleka kwesikhumba. Ngokwengeziwe, ama-prosthetics adinga ukushintshwa ngezikhathi ezithile.

Imishini yokuzwa efakwe ngokuhlinzwa

Ingane yakho ingahlomula ngokufakwa kwe-cochlear uma ukuzwa kwayo kuthinteka yi-microtia. Iphoyinti lokunamathisela lifakwa ethanjeni ngemuva nangaphezulu kwendlebe.

Ngemuva kokuphela kokuphulukiswa, ingane yakho izothola iprosesa enganamathiselwa kusayithi. Le processor isiza ingane yakho ukuthi izwe ukudlidliza kwemisindo ngokushukumisa izinzwa endlebeni yangaphakathi.

Izisetshenziswa ezinciphisa amandla omoya zingasiza futhi ukuthuthukisa ukuzwa kwengane yakho. Lezi zigqokwa ekhanda futhi zixhunywe ngomazibuthe ezifakweni ezifakwe ngokuhlinzwa. Okufakelwa kuxhuma endlebeni ephakathi bese kuthumela ukudlidlizela ngqo endlebeni yangaphakathi.

Imishini yokuzwa efakwe ngomshini ngokuvamile idinga ukuphulukiswa okuncane endaweni yokutshala. Noma kunjalo, eminye imiphumela emibi ingahle ibe khona. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• i-tinnitus (ukukhala ezindlebeni)
• ukulimala kwemizwa noma ukulimala
• ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa
• i-vertigo
• ukuvuza koketshezi oluzungeze ubuchopho

Ingane yakho ingase ibe sengcupheni ethe xaxa yokuthola izifo zesikhumba ezungeze indawo yokutshala.

Umthelela empilweni yansuku zonke

Ezinye izingane ezizalwe zine-microtia zingahle zilahlekelwe ukuzwa okuyingxenye noma okugcwele endlebeni ethintekile, engathinta ikhwalithi yempilo. Izingane ezinokulahlekelwa ukuzwa okuyingxenye nazo zingaba nezithiyo ekukhulumeni njengoba zifunda ukukhuluma.

Ukuxhumana kungaba nzima ngenxa yokulahleka kokuzwa, kepha kunezinketho zokwelashwa ezingasiza. Ukungezwa kudinga isethi eyengeziwe yokulungiswa kwendlela yokuphila nokulungiswa, kepha lokhu kungenzeka kakhulu futhi izingane zivame ukuzivumelanisa kahle.

Uyini umbono?

Izingane ezizalwe zine-microtia zingahola izimpilo ezigcwele, ikakhulukazi ngokwelashwa okufanele nanoma yikuphi ukuguqulwa kwendlela yokuphila edingekayo.

Khuluma nethimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngenkambo engcono kakhulu ongayenzela yona noma ingane yakho.