Izinganekwane Eziyi-9 Nge-HIV / AIDS

-Delile

• Inganekwane # 1: i-HIV isigwebo sentambo.
• Inganekwane # 2: Ungabona uma umuntu ene-HIV / AIDS ngokumbheka.
• Inganekwane # 3: Abantu abaqondile akudingeki bakhathazeke ngokutheleleka nge-HIV.
• Inganekwane # 4: Abantu abane-HIV abakwazi ukuba nezingane ngokuphepha.
• Inganekwane # 5: I-HIV iholela njalo engculazini.
• Inganekwane # 6: Ngazo zonke izindlela zokwelapha zesimanje, i-HIV akuyona into enkulu.
• Inganekwane # 7: Uma ngithatha i-PrEP, angidingi ukusebenzisa ikhondomu.
• Inganekwane # 8: Labo abatholakala bengenalo igciwane lesandulela ngculaza bangaya ocansini olungaphephile.
• Inganekwane # 9: Uma bobabili abalingani bene-HIV, asikho isizathu sekhondomu.
• Ukuthatha

Ngokwezibalo zakamuva ezivela kuCenters for Disease, Control, and Prevention, emhlabeni jikelele. Yize kube nokuthuthuka okuningi ekuphathweni kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kuyo yonke le minyaka, ngeshwa, miningi imininingwane engeyona esesekhona mayelana nokuthi kusho ukuthini ukuphila ne-HIV.

Sifinyelele kochwepheshe abambalwa ukuthola imibono yabo ngokuthi imiphi imibono eyiphutha kunazo zonke abantu e-United States abanayo nge-HIV / AIDS. Lezi zingcweti zilapha abantu, zifundisa abafundi bezokwelapha, futhi zisekela iziguli ezibhekana nalesi sifo. Nazi izinganekwane eziyisishiyagalolunye eziphezulu kanye nemibono eyiphutha abathi bona, kanye nabantu abaphila negciwane lesandulela ngculaza noma isifo se-AIDS, baqhubeke nokulwa:

Inganekwane # 1: i-HIV isigwebo sentambo.

"Ngokuthola ukwelashwa okufanele, manje silindele ukuthi abantu abane-HIV baphile isikhathi esejwayelekile sokuphila," kusho uDkt. Michael Horberg, umqondisi kazwelonke we-HIV / AIDS kaKaiser Permanente.

“Kusukela ngo-1996, ngokutholakala kwemishanguzo yokuthithibalisa igciwane lengculazi esebenza ngamandla, umuntu onegciwane lengculazi okwazi ukuthola kahle ukwelashwa ngezidambisigciwane (i-ART) angalindela ukuba aphile isikhathi esijwayelekile sokuphila, inqobo nje uma ezodla imishanguzo ayinikeziwe,” kwengeza uDkt Amesh. A. Adalja, udokotela wezifo ezithathelwanayo oqinisekiswe yibhodi, kanye nesazi esiphakeme eJohns Hopkins Center for Health Security. Ubuye asebenze kwiKhomishini Ye-HIV Yedolobha LasePittsburgh naseqenjini lezeluleko le-AIDS Free Pittsburgh.

Inganekwane # 2: Ungabona uma umuntu ene-HIV / AIDS ngokumbheka.

Uma umuntu ethola igciwane le-HIV, izimpawu azimangalisi. Umuntu onesandulela ngculaza angabonisa izimpawu ezifana nanoma yiluphi olunye uhlobo lokutheleleka, njengomkhuhlane, ukukhathala, noma ukugula okuvamile. Ngokwengeziwe, izimpawu zokuqala ezimnene zihlala kuphela emavikini ambalwa.

Ngokusungulwa kokuqala kwemithi yezidambisigciwane, igciwane lesandulela ngculaza lingaphathwa ngempumelelo. Umuntu one-HIV othola ukwelashwa ngezidambisigciwane uphilile ngokwedlulele futhi akahlukile kunabanye abantu abanezimo zempilo ezingalapheki.

Izimpawu ezi-stereotypical abantu abavame ukuzihlanganisa ne-HIV empeleni ziyizimpawu zezinkinga ezingavela ezigulini noma izinkinga ezihlobene ne-AIDS.Kodwa-ke, ngemithi eyanele yezidambisigciwane kanye nemithi, lezo zimpawu ngeke zibe khona kumuntu ophila ne-HIV.

Inganekwane # 3: Abantu abaqondile akudingeki bakhathazeke ngokutheleleka nge-HIV.

Kuyiqiniso ukuthi i-HIV idlange kakhulu emadodeni abuye abe nabalingani bobulili besilisa. Abantu abasha abamnyama abayizitabane nabesilisa nabesifazane banamazinga aphezulu okudlulisela i-HIV.

"Siyazi ukuthi iqembu elisengozini enkulu ngabesilisa abalala nabesilisa," kusho uDkt Horberg. Leli qembu libala cishe e-USA, ngokwe-CDC.

Kodwa-ke, abesilisa nabesifazane abathandana nabobulili obufanayo babenamaphesenti angama-24 okutheleleka nge-HIV okusha ngo-2016, futhi cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zalabo kwakungabesifazane.

Ngenkathi amazinga abesilisa abansundu nabesilisa abesilisa nabesifazane abaphila ne-HIV ahlala efanayo e-United States, amanani aphelele amacala amasha e-HIV anciphile kusukela ngo-2008 ngamaphesenti ayi-18. Ukuxilongwa phakathi kwabantu abathandana nobulili obuhlukile kukonke kwehle ngamaphesenti angama-36, futhi kwehla kubo bonke abesifazane ngamaphesenti ayi-16.

Abantu base-Afrika baseMelika babhekene nengozi enkulu yokudluliswa kwe-HIV kunanoma yiluphi olunye uhlanga, kungakhathalekile ukuthi bathanda ini ngokobulili. , izinga lokuxilongwa ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kwabesilisa abaNsundu licishe liphindwe kasishiyagalombili kunelabamhlophe futhi liphakeme nangaphezulu kwabesifazane abaMnyama; izinga liphindwe izikhathi eziyi-16 kwabesifazane abaMnyama kunabesifazane abamhlophe, futhi liphindwe kahlanu kunabesifazane baseSpain. Abesifazane base-Afrika nabamaMelika bathola i-HIV kunanoma yiluphi olunye uhlanga noma ubuzwe. Kusukela ngo-2015, abesifazane abangama-59% abaphila ne-HIV e-United States babengama-African-American, kanti ama-19% kwakungu-Hispanic / Latina, kanti i-17% yayingabamhlophe.

Inganekwane # 4: Abantu abane-HIV abakwazi ukuba nezingane ngokuphepha.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu engenziwa ngumuntu wesifazane one-HIV lapho elungiselela ukukhulelwa ukusebenza nomhlinzeki wakhe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ukuze aqale ukwelashwa ngama-ART ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngoba ukwelashwa kwe-HIV sekuthuthuke kakhulu, uma owesifazane ephuza umuthi wakhe we-HIV nsuku zonke njengoba kunconywe ngumhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo kukho konke ukukhulelwa kwakhe (kufaka phakathi ukubeletha nokubeletha), futhi eqhubeka nemithi yengane yakhe amasonto amane kuya kwayisithupha ngemuva kokuzalwa, ingozi yokudlulisela i-HIV enganeni kungaba njengoba.

Kukhona nezindlela zokuthi umama one-HIV ehlise ingozi yokudluliswa uma kwenzeka ukuthi inani legciwane lesandulela ngculaza liphezulu kunalokho obekufiswa, njengokukhetha isigaba se-C noma ukuncelisa ibhodlela nefomula ngemuva kokubeletha.

Abesifazane abangenayo i-HIV kepha abafuna ukukhulelwa nabalingani babo besilisa abaphethe igciwane le-HIV bangakwazi futhi ukuthatha imishanguzo ekhethekile yokusiza ukwehlisa ubungozi bokudlulisela kubo kanye nasezinsaneni zabo. Kwabesilisa abane-HIV futhi abathatha imishanguzo yabo ye-ART, ingozi yokudluliswa cishe ayiqanda uma umthamo wegciwane ungatholakali.

Inganekwane # 5: I-HIV iholela njalo engculazini.

I-HIV yisifo esidala ingculaza. Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi bonke abantu abane-HIV bazoba nengculazi. I-AIDS yisifo sokushoda kwamasosha omzimba okuwumphumela wokuhlasela kwe-HIV amasosha omzimba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi kuhlotshaniswa nempendulo yamasosha omzimba ebuthakathaka nezifo ezingosomathuba. Ingculaza ivinjelwa ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kokutheleleka nge-HIV.

“Ngezindlela zokwelashwa zamanje, amazinga okutheleleka nge-HIV angalawulwa futhi agcinwe ephansi, agcine amasosha omzimba aphilile isikhathi eside futhi ngenxa yalokho avimbele izifo ezingosomathuba kanye nokuxilongwa kwe-AIDS,” kuchaza uDkt. Richard Jimenez, uprofesa wezempilo yomphakathi eWalden University .

Inganekwane # 6: Ngazo zonke izindlela zokwelapha zesimanje, i-HIV akuyona into enkulu.

Yize kube nentuthuko enkulu kwezokwelapha ekwelapheni i-HIV, leli gciwane lisengaholela ezinkingeni, futhi ingozi yokufa isabalulekile emaqenjini athile abantu.

Ingozi yokuthola i-HIV nokuthi ithinta kanjani umuntu iyehluka kuye ngobudala, ubulili, ezocansi, indlela yokuphila, nokwelashwa. I-CDC ineThuluzi Lokunciphisa Ubungozi elingasiza umuntu ukulinganisa ubungozi bakhe futhi athathe izinyathelo zokuzivikela.

Inganekwane # 7: Uma ngithatha i-PrEP, angidingi ukusebenzisa ikhondomu.

I-PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) umuthi ongavimbela ukutheleleka nge-HIV ngaphambi kwesikhathi, uma uphuzwa nsuku zonke.

Ngokusho kukaDkt Horberg, ucwaningo lwango-2015 oluvela kuKaiser Permanente lulandele abantu abasebenzisa i-PrEP iminyaka emibili nohhafu, futhi lwathola ukuthi lusebenza kakhulu ekuvikeleni ukutheleleka nge-HIV, futhi uma luthathwa nsuku zonke. I-US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) njengamanje incoma ukuthi bonke abantu abasengozini enkulu yokuthola i-HIV bathathe i-PrEP.

Kodwa-ke, ayizivikeli kwezinye izifo noma izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi.

“Kunconywa ukuthi kusetshenziswe i-PrEP ngokuhambisana nemikhuba yocansi ephephile, njengoba ucwaningo lwethu luye lwabonisa nokuthi isigamu seziguli ezibambe iqhaza satholakala sinesifo esithathelwana ngocansi ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-12,” kusho uDkt Horberg.

Inganekwane # 8: Labo abatholakala bengenalo igciwane lesandulela ngculaza bangaya ocansini olungaphephile.

Uma umuntu esanda kutholakala ukuthi une-HIV, kungenzeka ingabonakali ekuhloleni i-HIV kuze kufike ezinyangeni ezintathu kamuva.

“Ukuhlola okusetshenziswa ngokwesiko kuphela kwe-antibody kusebenza ngokuthola ukuthi kukhona amasosha omzimba emzimbeni akhula lapho i-HIV ingenela emzimbeni,” kuchaza uDkt. Gerald Schochetman, umqondisi omkhulu wezifo ezithathelwanayo nge-Abbott Diagnostics. Ngokuya ngesivivinyo, ubukhona be-HIV bungatholakala ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa, noma kuze kube izinyanga ezintathu ngemuva kokuvezwa okungenzeka. Buza umuntu owenza isivivinyo ngalesi sikhathi sewindi nesikhathi sokuhlolwa okuphindiwe.

Abantu kufanele bathathe ukuhlolwa kwesandulela ngculazi okwesibili ezinyangeni ezintathu ngemuva kokwenza kwabo kokuqala, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kufundwa okungekuhle. Uma beya ocansini njalo, iSan Francisco AIDS Foundation iphakamisa ukuthi bahlolwe njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu. Kubalulekile ukuthi umuntu axoxe ngomlando wakhe wezocansi nomlingani wakhe, futhi akhulume nomhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokuthi ngabe bona nabalingani babo bangabaqokelwe kahle yini i-PrEP.

Ezinye izivivinyo, ezaziwa njengezivivinyo ze-HIV combo, zingathola igciwane phambilini.

Inganekwane # 9: Uma bobabili abalingani bene-HIV, asikho isizathu sekhondomu.

ukuthi umuntu ophila negciwane lesandulela ngculaza othola ukwelashwa ngezidambisigciwane okunciphisa igciwane emazingeni angatholakali egazini AKAKWAZI ukudlulisela i-HIV kumlingani wakhe ngesikhathi socansi. Isivumelwano samanje sezokwelapha ukuthi "Okungatholakali = Okungenakudluliswa."

Kodwa-ke, i-CDC incoma ukuthi noma ngabe bobabili abalingani bane-HIV, kufanele basebenzise amakhondomu ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho behlangana ngokocansi. Kwezinye izimo, kuyenzeka ukuthi udlulise uhlobo olwehlukile lwe-HIV kumlingani wakho, noma kwezinye izimo ezingavamile, udlulise uhlobo lwe-HIV oluthathwa ngokuthi “yi-superinfection” olusuka ohlotsheni olungamelana nemithi yamanje ye-ART.

Ingozi yokutheleleka kakhulu ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza ayivamile kakhulu; i-CDC ilinganisela ukuthi ubungozi buphakathi kuka-1 no-4%.

Ukuthatha

Yize ngeshwa lingekho ikhambi le-HIV / AIDS, abantu abane-HIV bangaphila impilo ende, ekhiqizayo ngokuthola kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okwanele ngezidambisigciwane.

"Yize izindlela zokwelashwa zamanje zokulwa negciwane lengculazi zingasebenza kakhulu ekugcineni i-HIV isezingeni eliphansi futhi liyivimbele ukuthi ingaziphindi futhi ibulale amasosha omzimba isikhathi eside, alikho ikhambi lengculaza noma umuthi wokugomela i-HIV, igciwane elibangela ingculaza," kuchaza uDkt Jimenez.

Ngasikhathi sinye, ukucabanga kwamanje ukuthi uma umuntu ekwazi ukugcina ukucindezelwa ngegciwane, i-HIV ngeke iqhubeke futhi ngaleyo ndlela ngeke ilimaze amasosha omzimba. Kunemininingwane esekela impilo efinyeziwe kancane yabantu abanengcindezi yegciwane uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abangenayo i-HIV.

Yize inani lamacala amasha e-HIV selidlulile, ngokusho kuka, kusenezilinganiso ezintsha ze-50,000 ngonyaka ngamunye e-United States kuphela.

Okukhathazayo, "amacala amasha e-HIV empeleni andile kubantu abathile abasengozini kubandakanya nabesifazane abanemibala, izinsizwa ezenza ucansi namadoda, kanye nabantu okunzima ukufinyelela kubo," kusho uDkt Jimenez.

Kusho ukuthini lokhu? Igciwane lesandulela ngculaza nengculaza kuseyizinkinga eziphezulu kakhulu zezempilo zomphakathi. Abantu abasengozini kufanele kufinyelelwe kubo ukuze bahlolwe futhi belashwe. Yize kunenqubekela phambili ekuhlolweni nasekutholakaleni kwemithi efana ne-PrEP, manje akusona isikhathi sokuyekisa ukunaka komuntu.

Ngokwe-CDC):

• Abantu baseMelika abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-1.2 bane-HIV.
• Njalo ngonyaka, kutholakala amanye amaMelika angama-50 000
  ene-HIV.
• Ingculaza, edalwa yi-HIV, ibulala abangu-14 000
  AmaMelika unyaka nonyaka.

“Isizukulwane esisha sesilahlekelwe wukwesaba i-HIV ngenxa yokuphumelela kokwelashwa. Lokhu kubenze ukuthi baziphathe ngendlela eyingozi, okuholela ekutheni amazinga aphezulu okutheleleka ezinsizweni ezilala namanye amadoda. ”

- UDkt Amesh Adalja