Isixhumanisi Phakathi Kokwehluleka Kwe-Myeloma Nenso

-Delile

• Yini i-myeloma eminingi?
• Imiphumela ye-myeloma eminingi emzimbeni
• Ukuhluleka kwezinso
• Ukulahleka kwamathambo
• Ukushoda kwegazi
• Amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka
• I-Hypercalcemia
• Ukulwa nokuhluleka kwezinso
• Umbono wesikhathi eside

Yini i-myeloma eminingi?

I-myeloma eminingi ngumdlavuza owakhiwa ngamaseli e-plasma. Amaseli e-Plasma amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi atholakala emnkantsheni wethambo. Lawa maseli ayingxenye esemqoka yokuzivikela komzimba. Zakha amasosha omzimba alwa nokutheleleka.

Amaseli e-plasma anomdlavuza akhula ngokushesha futhi athathe umongo wethambo ngokuvimba amaseli anempilo ekwenzeni imisebenzi yawo. Lawa maseli enza inani elikhulu lamaprotheni angajwayelekile ahamba emzimbeni wonke. Bangatholakala egazini.

Amaseli anomdlavuza nawo angakhula abe izicubu ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-plasmacytomas. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-myeloma eminingi lapho kunezinombolo ezinkulu zamaseli emnkantsheni wethambo (> 10% wamaseli), nezinye izitho ezihilelekile.

Imiphumela ye-myeloma eminingi emzimbeni

Ukukhula kwamaseli we-myeloma kuphazamisa ukukhiqizwa kwamaseli ejwayelekile e-plasma. Lokhu kungadala izinkinga eziningi zempilo. Izitho ezithinteka kakhulu ngamathambo, igazi nezinso.

Ukuhluleka kwezinso

Ukwehluleka kwezinso ku-myeloma eminingi kuyinkqubo eyinkimbinkimbi efaka izinqubo nezinqubo ezahlukahlukene. Indlela lokhu okwenzeka ngayo ukuthi amaprotheni angajwayelekile ahambela ezinso afake lapho, abangele ukuvinjelwa kuma-tubules ezinso kanye nezindawo zokuhlunga ezishintshiwe. Ngokwengeziwe, amazinga e-calcium aphakeme angadala ukwakheka kwamakristalu ezinso, okwenza umonakalo. Ukwehla kwamanzi emzimbeni, nemithi efana ne-NSAIDS (Ibuprofen, naproxen) nayo ingadala ukulimala kwezinso.

Ngaphezu kokuhluleka kwezinso, ngezansi kunezinye izinkinga ezivamile ezivela ku-myeloma eminingi:

Ukulahleka kwamathambo

Cishe amaphesenti angama-85 abantu abatholakale benokuhlushwa amathambo amaningi kwe-myeloma, ngokusho kwe-Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation (MMRF). Amathambo athinteka kakhulu umgogodla, isinqe, nezimbambo.

Amaseli anomdlavuza emnkantsheni wethambo avimbela amaseli ajwayelekile ekulungiseni izilonda noma amabala athambile akha emathanjeni. Ukwehla kwamathambo kungaholela ekuqhekekeni nasekucindezelweni komgogodla.

Ukushoda kwegazi

Ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana amabi e-plasma kuphazamisa ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu namhlophe ejwayelekile. I-anemia yenzeka lapho isibalo segazi elibomvu siphansi. Kungadala ukukhathala, ukuphelelwa umoya, nesiyezi. Cishe amaphesenti angama-60 abantu abane-myeloma abathola i-anemia, ngokwe-MMRF.

Amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka

Amaseli egazi amhlophe alwa nokutheleleka emzimbeni. Ayabona futhi ahlasele amagciwane ayingozi abangela izifo. Izinombolo ezinkulu zamangqamuzana e-plasma anomdlavuza emnkantsheni wethambo aholela ezinombolweni eziphansi zamaseli egazi amhlophe ajwayelekile. Lokhu kushiya umzimba usengozini yokutheleleka.

Amasosha omzimba angajwayelekile akhiqizwa amaseli anomdlavuza awasizi ukulwa nokutheleleka. Futhi zingadlula amasosha omzimba aphilile, okuholele ekutheni amasosha omzimba abe buthakathaka.

I-Hypercalcemia

Ukulahleka kwethambo kusuka ku-myeloma kubangela ukuthi i-calcium eyeqile ikhishelwe egazini. Abantu abanezicubu zamathambo basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-hypercalcemia.

I-Hypercalcemia nayo ingabangelwa yizindlala ezingasebenzi ngokweqile ze-parathyroid. Amacala angalashwa angaholela ezimpawu eziningi ezahlukahlukene njengokuquleka noma ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo.

Ukulwa nokuhluleka kwezinso

Kunezindlela eziningana lapho izinso zingagcinwa ziphilile kubantu abane-myeloma, ikakhulukazi lapho isimo sibanjwa kusenesikhathi. Izidakamizwa ezibizwa nge-bisphosphonates, ezivame ukusetshenziswa ukwelapha i-osteoporosis, zingathathwa ukunciphisa ukulimala kwethambo kanye ne-hypercalcemia. Abantu bangathola ukwelashwa okunamanzi ukuvuselela umzimba emzimbeni, ngomlomo noma ngemithambo.

Izidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala ezibizwa ngokuthi i-glucocorticoids zinganciphisa ukusebenza kweseli. Futhi i-dialysis ingathatha ubunzima ekusebenzeni kwezinso. Ekugcineni, ibhalansi yezidakamizwa ezinikezwa ngamakhemikhali ingalungiswa ukuze ingazilimazi izinso.

Umbono wesikhathi eside

Ukwehluleka kwezinso kungumphumela ovamile we-myeloma eminingi. Ukulimala kwezinso kungaba kuncane lapho isimo sitholwa futhi silashwa zisanda kuqala. Izinketho zokwelashwa ziyatholakala ukusiza ukubuyisela emuva ukulimala kwezinso okubangelwa umdlavuza.