I-Mycoplasma Pneumonia

-Delile

• Yini ebangela i-mycoplasma pneumonia?
• Ngubani osengozini yokuthuthukisa i-mycoplasma pneumonia?
• Ziyini izimpawu ze-mycoplasma pneumonia?
• Itholakala kanjani i-mycoplasma pneumonia?
• Yiziphi izinketho zokwelashwa kwe-mycoplasma pneumonia?
• Imithi elwa namagciwane
• Ama-Corticosteroids
• Ukwelashwa kwama-immunomodulatory
• Ngingayivimbela kanjani i-mycoplasma pneumonia?
• I-mycoplasma pneumonia izithinta kanjani izingane?
• Yiziphi izinkinga ze-mycoplasma pneumonia?
• Uyini umbono wesikhathi eside?

Yini i-mycoplasma pneumonia?

I-Mycoplasma pneumonia (MP) isifo esithathelwanayo sokuphefumula esisakazeka kalula ngokuxhumana namanzi okuphefumula. Kungadala ubhadane lwezifo.

Ilungu lePhalamende laziwa njengephika le-pneumonia futhi kwesinye isikhathi libizwa nge- “pneumonia ehamba ngezinyawo.” Isakazeka ngokushesha ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi, njengezikole, amakhampasi asekolishi nasemakhaya asebekhulile. Lapho umuntu onegciwane ekhwehlela noma ethimula, umswakama oqukethe amabhaktheriya e-MP udedelwa emoyeni. Abantu abangenalo igciwane endaweni yabo bangaphefumula kalula amabhaktheriya.

ukuthi abantu bayathuthuka emphakathini wabo (ngaphandle kwesibhedlela) kubangelwa I-Mycoplasma pneumoniae amagciwane. Amagciwane angadala i-tracheobronchitis (imikhuhlane yesifuba), umphimbo obuhlungu, nokutheleleka kwezindlebe kanye nenyumoniya.

Ukukhwehlela okomile kuyisibonakaliso esivame kakhulu sokutheleleka. Amacala angalashwa noma abucayi angathinta ubuchopho, inhliziyo, uhlelo lwe-peripheral nervous, isikhumba, nezinso futhi kudale i-hemolytic anemia. Ezimweni ezingavamile, iPhalamende liyabulala.

Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kunzima ngoba zimbalwa izimpawu ezingavamile. Njengoba iPhalamende liqhubeka, ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging kanye nelabhoratri kungakwazi ukukuthola. Odokotela basebenzisa ama-antibiotic ukwelapha iPhalamende.Ungahle udinge ama-antibiotics afakwa emithanjeni uma ama-antibiotics omlomo engasebenzi noma uma inyumoniya inzima.

Izimpawu ze-MP zihlukile kunalezo ze-pneumonia ejwayelekile ebangelwa amagciwane ajwayelekile, njenge I-Streptococcus futhi I-Haemophilus. Iziguli ngokuvamile azinakho ukuphefumula kanzima, umkhuhlane omkhulu, nokukhwehlela okukhiqizayo ne-MP. Ngokuvamile banomkhuhlane osezingeni eliphansi, ukukhwehlela okomile, ukuphefumula okuncane ikakhulukazi ngokuzikhandla, nokukhathala.

Yini ebangela i-mycoplasma pneumonia?

I- I-Mycoplasma pneumonia ibacteria ingelinye lamagciwane omuntu aziwa kakhulu. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-200 ezahlukahlukene ezaziwayo. Iningi labantu abanezifo zokuphefumula ezibangelwa I-Mycoplasma pneumoniae musa ukuthuthukisa i-pneumonia. Uma usungaphakathi komzimba, ibhaktheriya lingazinamathisela ezicutshini zakho zamaphaphu bese landa kuze kube yilapho sekutheleleka ngokugcwele. Izimo eziningi ze-mycoplasma pneumonia zimnene.

Ngubani osengozini yokuthuthukisa i-mycoplasma pneumonia?

Kubantu abaningi abadala abaphilile, amasosha omzimba angalwa ne-MP ngaphambi kokuthi akhule abe yisifo. Labo abasengozini enkulu bafaka:

• abantu abadala asebekhulile
• abantu abanezifo ezibeka engcupheni amasosha abo omzimba, njenge-HIV, noma abaku-steroids engapheli, i-immunotherapy, noma i-chemotherapy
• abantu abanesifo samaphaphu
• abantu abanesifo se-sickle cell
• izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-5

Ziyini izimpawu ze-mycoplasma pneumonia?

Ilungu lePhalamende lingalingisa ukutheleleka okuphezulu okuphefumulayo noma umkhuhlane ovamile kunokutheleleka okuphansi kokuphefumula noma inyumoniya. Futhi, lezi zimpawu zivame ukuqukethe okulandelayo:

• ukukhwehlela okomile
• umkhuhlane ophikelelayo
• ukulele
• ukuphefumula okuncane

Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukutheleleka kungaba yingozi futhi kulimaze inhliziyo noma isistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi. Izibonelo zalezi zinkinga zifaka:

• i-arthritis, lapho amalunga evuvuka khona
• i-pericarditis, ukuvuvukala kwe-pericardium ezungeze inhliziyo
• I-Guillain-Barré syndrome, ukuphazamiseka kwemithambo yegazi okungaholela ekukhubazekeni nasekufeni
• i-encephalitis, ukuvuvukala kobuchopho okungasongela impilo
• ukwehluleka kwezinso
• i-hemolytic anemia
• izimo zesikhumba ezingandile futhi eziyingozi ezifana neStevens-Johnson syndrome kanye necrolysis enobuthi obuyingozi
• izinkinga zendlebe ezingavamile ezifana ne-bullous myringitis

Itholakala kanjani i-mycoplasma pneumonia?

I-MP ivame ukuba nezimpawu ezingabonakali zesonto lokuqala kuya kwamathathu ngemuva kokuvezwa. Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kunzima ngoba umzimba awukuvezi ngokushesha ukutheleleka.

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ukutheleleka kungabonakala ngaphandle kwamaphaphu akho. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, izimpawu zokutheleleka zingabandakanya ukuhlukana kwamaseli abomvu egazi, ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, nokubandakanyeka ngokuhlanganyela. Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kungakhombisa ubufakazi bokutheleleka kwe-MP ezinsukwini ezintathu kuya kweziyisikhombisa ngemuva kokuvela kwezimpawu zokuqala.

Ukuze wenze ukuxilongwa, udokotela wakho usebenzisa i-stethoscope ukulalela noma imiphi imisindo engajwayelekile ekuphefumuleni kwakho. I-X-ray yesifuba kanye ne-CT scan nakho kungasiza udokotela wakho ukuthola ukuxilongwa. Udokotela wakho angalawula ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuqinisekisa ukutheleleka.

Yiziphi izinketho zokwelashwa kwe-mycoplasma pneumonia?

Imithi elwa namagciwane

Ama-antibiotic ayindlela yokuqala yokwelashwa kwe-MP. Izingane zithola ama-antibiotic ahlukile kunabantu abadala ukuvimbela imiphumela emibi engaba yingozi.

Ama-Macrolides, ukukhetha kokuqala kwama-antibiotic ezingane, afaka:

• erythromycin
• kucofe
• umabhebhana
• azithromycin

Ama-antibiotic anikezwe abantu abadala afaka:

• umagazine
• umabhebhana
• ama-quinolones, afana ne-levofloxacin ne-moxifloxacin

Ama-Corticosteroids

Kwesinye isikhathi ama-antibiotic kuphela awenele futhi kufanele welashwe ngama-corticosteroids ukuphatha ukuvuvukala. Izibonelo zama-corticosteroids anjalo zifaka:

• webhilo
• imethylprednisolone

Ukwelashwa kwama-immunomodulatory

Uma unePhalamende elibi, ungadinga enye "i-immunomodulatory therapy" ngaphezu kwama-corticosteroids, njenge-intravenous immunoglobulin noma i-IVIG.

Ngingayivimbela kanjani i-mycoplasma pneumonia?

Ingozi yokuthola izinkontileka zePhalamende ziphakama ezinyangeni zekwindla nezasebusika. Izindawo eziseduze noma eziminyene zenza kube lula ukuthi ukutheleleka kudlulise kusuka kumuntu kuye komunye.

Ukwehlisa ingozi yokutheleleka, zama okulandelayo:

• Ukulala amahora ayisithupha kuya kwayisishiyagalombili ubusuku ngabunye.
• Yidla ukudla okunomsoco.
• Gwema abantu abanezimpawu ze-MP.
• Geza izandla zakho ngaphambi kokudla noma ngemuva kokuxhumana nabantu abanegciwane.

I-mycoplasma pneumonia izithinta kanjani izingane?

Ngokuvamile, izingane zisengozini yokutheleleka kunabantu abadala. Lokhu kubhebhethekiswa iqiniso lokuthi bavame ukuzungezwa ngamaqembu amakhulu ezinye, okungenzeka ukuthi ziyatheleleka, izingane. Ngenxa yalokhu, bangaba sengozini enkulu ye-MP kunabantu abadala. Yisa ingane yakho kudokotela uma ubona noma iyiphi yalezi zimpawu:

• imfiva ephansi ephansi
• izimpawu ezibandayo noma ezinjengomkhuhlane eziqhubeka isikhathi eside kunezinsuku eziyi-7-10
• ukukhwehlela okwomile okuphikelelayo
• ukuphefumula ngenkathi uphefumula
• banokukhathala noma abazizwa kahle futhi akubangcono
• ubuhlungu besifuba noma besisu
• ukuhlanza

Ukuxilonga ingane yakho, udokotela wayo angenza okukodwa noma okuningi kokulandelayo:

• lalela ukuphefumula kwengane yakho
• thatha i-X-ray yesifuba
• thatha isiko lamagciwane emakhaleni noma emphinjeni
• oda ukuhlolwa kwegazi

Lapho ingane yakho isitholakele, udokotela wayo angamnika i-antibiotic izinsuku eziyi-7-10 ukwelapha ukutheleleka. Imithi elwa namagciwane evame kakhulu ezinganeni ngama-macrolides, kepha udokotela wazo anganikeza futhi ama-cyclines noma ama-quinolones.

Ekhaya, qiniseka ukuthi ingane yakho ayihlanganyeli ngezitsha noma izinkomishi ukuze zingasabalalisi ukutheleleka. Benze baphuze uketshezi oluningi. Sebenzisa iphedi yokushisa ukwelapha noma yiziphi izinhlungu zesifuba abazitholayo.

Ukutheleleka kwengane yakho nge-MP kuvame ukucaca ngemuva kwamasonto amabili. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izifo zingathatha amasonto ayisithupha ukuphola ngokuphelele.

Yiziphi izinkinga ze-mycoplasma pneumonia?

Kwezinye izimo, ukutheleleka kwe-MP kungaba yingozi. Uma une-asthma, i-MP ingenza izimpawu zakho zibe zimbi kakhulu. IPhalamende nayo ingakhula ibe yisimo esibi kakhulu se-pneumonia.

I-MP yesikhathi eside noma engapheli ayivamile kepha ingadala ukulimala kwamaphaphu unomphela, njengoba kusikiselwe ekwenzeni kumagundane. Ezimweni ezingavamile, iPhalamende elingalashiwe lingabulala. Bheka udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu, ikakhulukazi uma zihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili.

Uyini umbono wesikhathi eside?

M. pneumoniae yisibhedlela esihlobene nokuphefumula kwabantu abadala, ngokusho kweCenters for Disease Control and Prevention.

Iningi labantu lithuthukisa amasosha omzimba ku-MP ngemuva kokutheleleka okunamandla. Amasosha omzimba awavikela ekuthelelekeni futhi. Iziguli ezinamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka, njengalezo ezine-HIV kanye nalabo abaphathwa ngama-steroids angapheli, ama-immunomodulators, noma i-chemotherapy, bangaba nobunzima bokulwa nokutheleleka kwe-MP futhi basengozini enkulu yokuphinde itheleleke ngokuzayo.

Kwabanye, izimpawu kufanele zinciphise isonto elilodwa kuya kwamabili ngemuva kokwelashwa. Ukukhwehlela kungahlala isikhathi eside, kepha izimo eziningi zixazululwa ngaphandle kwemiphumela ehlala njalo phakathi kwamasonto amane kuya kwayisithupha. Bona udokotela wakho uma uqhubeka nokuthola izimpawu ezinzima noma uma ukutheleleka kuphazamisa impilo yakho yansuku zonke. Ungadinga ukufuna ukwelashwa noma ukuxilongwa nganoma yiziphi ezinye izimo ezingabangelwa ukutheleleka kwe-MP yakho.