Neuroblastoma: kuyini, izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu nezimpawu eziyinhloko
• Ungakuqinisekisa kanjani ukuxilongwa
• Yelashwa kanjani

I-Neuroblastoma wuhlobo lomdlavuza oluthinta amangqamuzana wesistimu yezinzwa ezwelayo, enesibopho sokulungiselela umzimba ukuthi uphendule ezimeni eziphuthumayo nezingcindezi. Lolu hlobo lwesimila lukhula ezinganeni ezineminyaka engama-5 ubudala, kepha ukuxilongwa kuvame ukwenzeka phakathi kweminyaka engu-1 no-2 ubudala, futhi kungaqala ezinzwa zesifuba, ebuchosheni, esiswini noma kwizindlala ze-adrenal ezitholakala ngaphezulu inso ngalinye.

Izingane ezineminyaka engaphansi kwengu-1 futhi ezinamathumba amancane zinethuba elikhulu lokwelashwa, ikakhulukazi lapho zifakwa ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi. Lapho ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kusenesikhathi futhi kungalethi imastastase, i-neuroblastoma ingasuswa ngokuhlinzwa ngaphandle kwesidingo se-radiotherapy noma imishanguzo yokulwa namaphaphu. Ngakho-ke, ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kwe-neuroblastoma kunomthelela omuhle ekusindeni kwengane kanye nekhwalithi yempilo.

Izimpawu nezimpawu eziyinhloko

Izimpawu nezimpawu ze-neuroblastoma ziyahlukahluka ngokuya ngendawo nosayizi wesimila, ngaphezu kokuthi kube nokusatshalaliswa noma cha nokuthi isimila sikhiqiza ama-hormone yini.

Ngokuvamile, izimpawu nezimpawu ezibonisa i-neuroblastoma yilezi:

• Ubuhlungu besisu nokwandiswa;
• Ubuhlungu bamathambo;
• Ukuphelelwa isifiso sokudla;
• Ukwehla kwesisindo;
• Ukugula okuvamile;
• Ukukhathala ngokweqile;
• Imfiva;
• Uhudo;
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ngenxa yokukhiqizwa kwamahomoni ngesimila okuholela ku-vasoconstriction yemikhumbi;
• Ukwandiswa kwesibindi;
• Amehlo avuvukile;
• Abafundi abahlukahlukene;
• Ukungabikho komjuluko;
• Ikhanda;
• Ukuvuvukala emilenzeni;
• Kunzima ukuphefumula;
• Ukuvela kwemivimbo;
• Ukubukeka kwamaqhuqhuva esiswini, esinyongeni, entanyeni noma esifubeni.

Njengoba isimila sikhula futhi sisakazeka, kungavela izimpawu eziqonde kakhulu kusayithi le-metastasis. Njengoba izimpawu zingacacisiwe, zingahluka kusuka kwengane kuye kwengane, zingafana nezinye izifo, futhi izehlakalo zalesi sifo ziphansi, i-neuroblastoma ivame ukungatholakali. Kodwa-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukuxilongwa kwenziwe ngokushesha okukhulu ukugwema ukusabalalisa isimila nokusenza sibe sibi lesi sifo.

Ungakuqinisekisa kanjani ukuxilongwa

Ukuxilongwa kwe-neuroblastoma kwenziwa ngokuhlolwa kwelabhorethri nezithombe okufanele kunconywe ngudokotela, ngoba ukuxilongwa ngokuya ngezimpawu kukodwa akunakwenzeka. Phakathi kokuhlolwa okuceliwe ukukalwa kwama-catecholamines emchameni, okungama-hormone ajwayelekile akhiqizwa ngamaseli wohlelo lwezinzwa oluzwelayo, futhi okusegazini kuphakamisa ama-metabolites ubuningi bawo buqinisekiswa emchameni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhonjiswa ukuhlolwa kwesibalo segazi okuphelele kanye nesithombe, njenge-X-ray esifubeni nasesiswini, i-ultrasound, i-tomography, i-magnetic resonance ne-bone scintigraphy. Ukuqedela ukuxilongwa, i-biopsy nayo ingacelwa ukuthi iqinisekise ukuthi kuyisifo esibi. Qonda ukuthi yenzelwe ini nokuthi kwenziwa kanjani i-biopsy.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelashwa kwe-neuroblastoma kwenziwa ngokobudala bomuntu, impilo ejwayelekile, indawo yesimila, usayizi nesigaba sesifo. Ezigabeni zokuqala, ukwelashwa kwenziwa kuphela ngokuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe isimila, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokwelashwa okwengeziwe.

Kodwa-ke, ezimweni lapho kutholakala i-metastasis, i-chemotherapy kungadingeka ukuthi yehlise izinga lokuphindaphindeka kwamaseli amabi futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ubukhulu besimila, kulandelwe ukuhlinzwa nokwelashwa okuhambisanayo ngamakhemikhali kanye ne-radiotherapy. Kwezinye izimo ezibucayi, ikakhulukazi lapho ingane isencane kakhulu, kunganconywa ukufakelwa umnkantsha we-bone ngemuva kwe-chemo ne-radiotherapy.