I-LDL: I-cholesterol "Engalungile"

-Delile

• Isifinyezo
• Yini i-cholesterol?
• Yini i-LDL ne-HDL?
• Izinga eliphakeme le-LDL lingayinyusa kanjani ingozi yokuba nesifo semithambo yenhliziyo nezinye izifo?
• Ngazi kanjani ukuthi liyini izinga lami le-LDL?
• Yini engathinta ileveli yami ye-LDL?
• Kufanele libe yini izinga lami le-LDL?
• Nginganciphisa kanjani izinga lami le-LDL?

Isifinyezo

Yini i-cholesterol?

I-cholesterol yinto e-waxy, efana namafutha etholakala kuwo wonke amaseli emzimbeni wakho. Isibindi sakho senza i-cholesterol, futhi sikhona nakokunye ukudla, njengenyama nemikhiqizo yobisi. Umzimba wakho udinga i-cholesterol ukuze usebenze kahle. Kodwa ukuba ne-cholesterol eningi egazini lakho kukhulisa ingozi yokuba nesifo semithambo yenhliziyo.

Yini i-LDL ne-HDL?

I-LDL ne-HDL yizinhlobo ezimbili zama-lipoprotein. Ziyinhlanganisela yamafutha (lipid) namaprotheni. Ama-lipids adinga ukunamathiselwa kuma-protein ukuze akwazi ukuhamba egazini. I-LDL ne-HDL banezinhloso ezihlukile:

• I-LDL imele ama-lipoprotein anesisindo esiphansi. Kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa nge-cholesterol "embi" ngoba ileveli ephezulu ye-LDL iholela ekwakhiweni kwe-cholesterol emithanjeni yakho.
• I-HDL imele ama-lipoprotein aqine kakhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa nge-cholesterol "enhle" ngoba ithwala i-cholesterol evela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho ibuyele esibindini sakho. Isibindi sakho bese sikhipha i-cholesterol emzimbeni wakho.

Izinga eliphakeme le-LDL lingayinyusa kanjani ingozi yokuba nesifo semithambo yenhliziyo nezinye izifo?

Uma uneleveli ephezulu ye-LDL, lokhu kusho ukuthi une-cholesterol eningi kakhulu ye-LDL egazini lakho. Le LDL eyengeziwe, kanye nezinye izinto, kwakha uqwembe. Lolu qweqwe luyakheka emithanjeni yakho; lesi yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-atherosclerosis.

Isifo semithambo yegazi senzeka lapho i-plaque buildup isemithanjeni yenhliziyo yakho. Kubangela ukuthi imithambo yegazi iqine futhi inciphise, eyehlisa ijubane noma ivimbe ukugeleza kwegazi liye enhliziyweni yakho. Njengoba igazi lakho liletha umoya-mpilo enhliziyweni yakho, lokhu kusho ukuthi inhliziyo yakho kungenzeka ingakwazi ukuthola i-oxygen eyanele. Lokhu kungadala i-angina (ubuhlungu besifuba), noma uma ukugeleza kwegazi kuvinjelwe ngokuphelele, isifo senhliziyo.

Ngazi kanjani ukuthi liyini izinga lami le-LDL?

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungalinganisa amazinga akho e-cholesterol, kufaka phakathi i-LDL. Ungasithola nini futhi kangaki lesi sivivinyo kuya ngeminyaka yakho, izinto ezinobungozi, nomlando womndeni. Izincomo ezijwayelekile yilezi:

Okwabantu abaneminyaka engu-19 noma ngaphansi:

• Isivivinyo sokuqala kufanele sibe phakathi kweminyaka eyi-9 kuye ku-11
• Izingane kufanele zihlolwe futhi njalo eminyakeni emihlanu
• Ezinye izingane zingaba nalokhu kuhlolwa kusuka eminyakeni emibili uma kunomlando womndeni we-cholesterol ephezulu yegazi, isifo senhliziyo, noma isifo sohlangothi

Kubantu abaneminyaka engama-20 noma ngaphezulu:

• Abantu abadala abancane kufanele bahlolwe njalo eminyakeni emihlanu
• Abesilisa abaneminyaka engama-45 kuye kwengama-65 nabesifazane abaneminyaka engama-55 kuya kwengama-65 kufanele babe nayo njalo eminyakeni engu-1 kuye kwengu-2

Yini engathinta ileveli yami ye-LDL?

Izinto ezingathinta ileveli yakho ye-LDL zifaka phakathi

• Ukudla. Amafutha anele ne-cholesterol ekudleni okudlayo kukhuphula izinga le-cholesterol egazini lakho
• Isisindo. Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kuvame ukukhuphula izinga lakho le-LDL, kwehlise izinga lakho le-HDL, futhi kwandise izinga lakho eliphelele le-cholesterol
• Umsebenzi Womzimba. Ukuntuleka kokuvivinya umzimba kungaholela ekutholeni isisindo, okungakhuphula izinga lakho le-LDL
• Ukubhema. Ukubhema ugwayi kwehlisa i-cholesterol yakho ye-HDL. Njengoba i-HDL isiza ukususa i-LDL emithanjeni yakho, uma une-HDL encane, lokho kunganikela ekutheni ube nezinga eliphakeme le-LDL.
• Iminyaka nobulili. Njengoba abesifazane nabesilisa bekhula, amazinga abo e-cholesterol ayenyuka. Ngaphambi kweminyaka yokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini, abesifazane banamazinga aphansi e-cholesterol ephelele kunabesilisa abalinganayo. Ngemuva kweminyaka yokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini, amazinga e-LDL abesifazane avame ukukhuphuka.
• Izakhi zofuzo. Izakhi zakho zofuzo ngokwengxenye zinquma ukuthi ingakanani i-cholesterol eyenziwa ngumzimba wakho. I-cholesterol ephezulu ingasebenza emindenini. Isibonelo, i-hypercholesterolemia yomndeni (i-FH) iyindlela ezuzwe njengefa ye-cholesterol ephezulu yegazi.
• Imithi. Imithi ethile, kufaka phakathi i-steroids, eminye imithi yengcindezi yegazi, kanye nemithi ye-HIV / AIDS, ingakhuphula izinga lakho le-LDL.
• Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha. Izifo ezifana nesifo esingapheliyo sezinso, isifo sikashukela kanye ne-HIV / AIDS zingadala izinga eliphakeme le-LDL.
• Ubuhlanga. Izinhlanga ezithile zingaba nengozi eyengeziwe ye-cholesterol ephezulu yegazi. Isibonelo, ama-Afrika aseMelika anezinga eliphakeme le-HDL nele-LDL kunabamhlophe.

Kufanele libe yini izinga lami le-LDL?

Nge-cholesterol ye-LDL, izinombolo eziphansi zingcono, ngoba ileveli ephezulu ye-LDL ingakhuphula ubungozi besifo se-coronary artery kanye nezinkinga ezihlobene nazo:

Nginganciphisa kanjani izinga lami le-LDL?

Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwehlisa i-cholesterol yakho ye-LDL:

• Izinguquko zendlela yokuphila (TLC). I-TLC ifaka izingxenye ezintathu:
• Ukudla okunempilo yenhliziyo. Uhlelo lokudla okunempilo lukhawulela inani lamafutha agcwele futhi adlulayo owadlayo. Izibonelo zezinhlelo zokudla ezinganciphisa i-cholesterol yakho zifaka i-Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes diet kanye nohlelo lokudla lwe-DASH.
• Ukuphathwa kwesisindo. Uma ukhuluphele ngokweqile, ukwehlisa isisindo kungasiza ukwehlisa i-cholesterol yakho ye-LDL.
• Umsebenzi Womzimba. Wonke umuntu kufanele athole umsebenzi ojwayelekile womzimba (imizuzu engama-30 iningi, uma kungenjalo, izinsuku).
• Ukwelashwa Kwezidakamizwa. Uma ukuguquka kwendlela yokuphila kukodwa kungayinciphisi ngokwanele i-cholesterol yakho, kungadingeka ukuthi uphuze nemithi. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol etholakalayo, kufaka phakathi ama-statins. Imithi isebenza ngezindlela ezahlukene futhi ingaba nemiphumela engemihle eyehlukene. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo mayelana nokuthi yikuphi okulungele wena. Ngenkathi uthatha imithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol yakho, kusamele uqhubeke nezinguquko zendlela yokuphila.

Abanye abantu abane-hypercholesterolemia yomndeni (FH) bangathola ukwelashwa okubizwa nge-lipoprotein apheresis. Le ndlela yokwelapha isebenzisa umshini wokuhlunga ukususa i-cholesterol ye-LDL egazini. Bese umshini ubuyisela lonke igazi emuva kumuntu.

I-NIH: I-National Heart, Lung, ne-Blood Institute