Cishe Ubukhulu Bomfundi Ojwayelekile

-Delile

• Isilinganiso sesayizi yomfundi
• Impendulo yendawo yokuhlala
• Yini abafundi?
• Usayizi wabafundi nempilo nemizwelo yakho
• Izimo zezempilo, ukulimala nezifo
• Impi
• Anisocoria
• Ikhanda le-Cluster
• Isilonda
• I-Horner's syndrome
• Imithi
• Imizwelo
• Ukuthatha

Isilinganiso sesayizi yomfundi

Sizobheka ukuthi kungani futhi kungani abafundi bakho beshintsha usayizi. Okokuqala, uhla losayizi “abajwayelekile” babafundi, noma, ngokunemba kakhudlwana, ukuthi isilinganiso sini.

Abafundi bavame ukuba bakhulu (bavuleke) ezimweni zokukhanya okuphansi. Lokhu kuvumela ukukhanya okwengeziwe emehlweni, okwenza kube lula ukubona. Uma kunokukhanya okuningi okukhanyayo, abafundi bakho bazoba mancane (constrict).

Umfundi ohlanjululwe ngokuphelele ujwayele ukuba kumamilimitha ama-4 kuye kwayi-8 ngosayizi, kanti umfundi ovalekile usezingeni le-2 kuye ku-4 mm.

Ngokuya nge-American Academy of Ophthalmology, abafundi ngokuvamile basuka ngosayizi kusuka ku-2 kuye ku-8 mm.

Impendulo yendawo yokuhlala

Usayizi wabafundi nawo uyashintsha ngokuya ngokuthi ngabe ubuka okuthile okuseduze noma okude yini. Uma ugxila entweni eseduze, abafundi bakho baba mincane. Lapho into ikude, abafundi bakho bayakhula.

Ubukhulu babafundi bakho akuyona into ongayilawula ngokuqaphela. Futhi uma unomfundi ohlanziwe, ngeke uzizwe (yize abanye abantu bezizwa beqina emehlweni).

Amathuba yilokho ozokubona kuqala izinguquko kumbono wakho. Abafundi abahlanzekile bavame ukuzwela ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo, njengokukhanya kwelanga, futhi kungadala ukufiphala. Uma ngabe uke wakhulisa abafundi bakho ngamaconsi ngesikhathi uvakashele udokotela wamehlo, uyawazi umuzwa.

Yini abafundi?

Abafundi bayisikhungo esimnyama seso. Umsebenzi wabo ukuvumela ukukhanya futhi kugxile ku-retina (amaseli ezinzwa ngemuva kweso) ukuze ubone. Imisipha etholakala ku-iris yakho (ingxenye enemibala yeso lakho) ilawula umfundi ngamunye.

Ngenkathi abafundi bakho ababili bevame ukuba ngosayizi ofanayo, usayizi wabafundi jikelele ungaguquguquka. Izici ezenza abafundi bakho ukuthi babe bakhulu noma babe bancane zilula (noma ukungabi bikho kwazo), imithi ethile nezifo, nokuthi uthola okuthize okuthokozisayo noma okukhokhisa intela okuthile.

Usayizi wabafundi nempilo nemizwelo yakho

Izici ezahlukahlukene zingaba nomthelela kusayizi womfundi, futhi akuzona zonke eziphathelene nokukhanya nebanga. Ezinye zalezi ezinye izinto zifaka:

• impilo yakho
• imithi nezidakamizwa
• imizwelo yakho

Izimo zezempilo, ukulimala nezifo

Impi

Ukudideka ukulimala kobuchopho okuvela ebuchosheni obuthinta ugebhezi oluqinile ngesikhathi sokuwa, ukushaya ekhanda, noma umthelela osheshayo ohilela umzimba wonke. Uphawu olulodwa lukhulu kunabafundi abajwayelekile. Kwezinye izimo, umfundi oyedwa angaba mkhulu kuthi omunye abe mncane (angalingani).

Anisocoria

I-Anisocoria yisimo lapho umfundi oyedwa ebanzi kunomunye. Yize kungaba yinto eyenzeka ngokwemvelo, ethinta abantu abangamaphesenti angama-20, ingakhombisa nenkinga yezinzwa noma ukutheleleka.

Ikhanda le-Cluster

Leli ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu elithinta uhlangothi olulodwa lobuso, ngqo ngemuva kweso. Njengoba igama lisho, livela ngamaqoqo (kwesinye isikhathi ikhanda elilingana nesishiyagalombili ngosuku), bese linganyamalala amasonto noma izinyanga ngesikhathi.

Ngenxa yokuthi lolu hlobo lwekhanda luthinta izinzwa ebusweni, umfundi ohlangothini oluthintekile angaba mncane ngokungavamile (okuthiwa i-miosis) ngesikhathi sekhanda.

Isilonda

Lokhu ukuvuvukala kwe-iris yeso okungabangelwa ukutheleleka, ukuhlukumezeka, kanye nezifo ezizimele (izifo lapho umzimba wakho uhlasela khona amasosha omzimba).

Njengoba i-iris ilawula umfundi, akuvamile ukubona abafundi abakheke ngokungajwayelekile ezimweni ze-iritis. Ngokuya ngocwaningo olwenziwe ku-, umfundi ujwayele ukuba mncane kunokujwayelekile.

I-Horner's syndrome

I-Horner's syndrome yisimo esenzeka lapho kulimala izindlela zemizwa ezisuka ebuchosheni ziye ebusweni. Lokho kulimala kungadala ukuthi abafundi babe bancane. Ezinye izimbangela zifaka:

• unhlangothi
• ukuhlukumezeka
• izimila
• ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza

I-Horner's syndrome nayo ingavela uma uke walimala emithanjeni ye-carotid (imithambo yegazi entanyeni ethwala igazi ne-oxygen ebusweni nasebuchosheni) noma i-jugular vein (umthambo entanyeni ohambisa igazi ebuchosheni nasebusweni buyela enhliziyweni).

Imithi

Izidakamizwa ezithile zingavula abafundi ngenkathi ezinye zibacindezela. Eminye imithi ethinta usayizi womfundi ifaka phakathi:

• Ama-anticholinergics. Lezi yizidakamizwa ezivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha izinto ezifana nesinye esisebenza ngokweqile, isifo sikaParkinson, isifo sohudo noma amajaqamba esiswini. Ngokusho kweKellogg Eye Centre e-University of Michigan, banganciphisa abafundi kancane.
• Izindlela, kufaka phakathi utshwala nama-antihistamine. Ku-2006 owodwa omncane, i-antihistamine diphenhydramine yabangela ukuthi abafundi babe mincane.
• Opiates. Lezi yizidakamizwa ezinamandla ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha ubuhlungu. Kokubili ama-opioid asemthethweni (njenge-prescription oxycodone) kanye nokungekho emthethweni (i-heroin) angaqinisa abafundi.

Imizwelo

Izingxenye zobuchopho ezisisiza ukuba sizizwe futhi sinqume imizwa kanye nokugxila kwengqondo kungenza abafundi banabe.

• Olunye ucwaningo oluncane luka-2003 lwakhombisa ukuthi lapho abantu belalela imisindo egcwala ngokomzwelo (ingane ehlekayo noma ekhalayo) uma kuqhathaniswa nemisindo eyayithathwa njengengathathi hlangothi (umsindo ojwayelekile wasehhovisi), abafundi babo baba bakhulu.
• Uma ubheka abanye ngabafundi abahlanjululwe, abafundi bakho bathambekela ekujuleni futhi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "" futhi kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kwenzeke uma ubheka umuntu omethembayo noma owaziwa nguwe.
• Abaphenyi bathole ukuthi lapho kufanele sicabange kanzima ngoba umsebenzi unzima noma umusha kithi, abafundi bethu bayanwebeka - futhi uma umsebenzi uba nzima, baya ngokwanda.

Vakashela udokotela wakho uma ubona ushintsho kusayizi womfundi wakho olungahlobene nebanga elikhanyayo nelokubuka noma uma unezinguquko noma izinkinga ngombono wakho.

Ukuthi uvivinywa kangaki umbono wakho kuya ngeminyaka yakho nezici ezithile zempilo. Kepha sekukonke, abantu abadala abaningi kufanele bahlolwe umbono wabo njalo eminyakeni embalwa.

Ukuthatha

Iningi labantu linabafundi abangamamilimitha ambalwa ububanzi nobulinganayo (okusho ukuthi womabili amehlo anomfundi ofanayo). I-subset encane, noma kunjalo, ngokwemvelo inomfundi oyedwa omkhulu kunenye. Kepha abafundi abami ndawonye.

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile - kufaka phakathi lezo ezemvelo, ezengqondo nezokwelapha - kuyinto ejwayelekile ngokuphelele ukuthi abafundi bakho bashintshe usayizi, banciphe noma babe bakhulu ngokuya ngesimo. Udinga abafundi abaphilile ukuze ubone kahle.