Izakhi zegazi nemisebenzi yazo

-Delile

• Izingxenye zegazi
• 1. IPlasma
• 2. Amaseli abomvu egazi noma ama-erythrocyte
• 3. Ama-leukocyte noma amaseli egazi amhlophe
• 4. Ama-Platelet noma ama-thrombocyte
• Izinhlobo zegazi

Igazi liyinto ewuketshezi enemisebenzi eyisisekelo ekusebenzeni kahle komzimba, njengokuhambisa umoya-mpilo, izakhamzimba namahomoni kumaseli, ukuvikela umzimba ezintweni zangaphandle kanye nezinto ezihlaselayo nokulawula umzimba, ngaphezu kokuba nesibopho sokususa izinto zezicubu ezikhiqizwa emisebenzini yeselula futhi okungafanele zihlale emzimbeni, njenge-carbon dioxide ne-urea.

Igazi lakhiwa ngamanzi, ama-enzyme, amaprotheni, amaminerali namaseli, njengamaseli abomvu egazi, ama-platelets nama-leukocyte, okungamaseli abhekele ukusebenza kwegazi. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi amaseli ajikeleze ngobuningi obanele ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle komzimba. Izinguquko emazingeni amangqamuzana egazi zingabalulekile ukukhomba ezinye izifo ezingase zivele, njenge-anemia, i-leukemia, ukuvuvukala noma ukutheleleka, isibonelo, okumele kulashwe.

Ukuhlolwa okuhlola amangqamuzana egazi kwaziwa njengokubalwa okuphelele kwegazi futhi akudingekile ukuthi kusheshe kwenziwe lolu vivinyo, kukhonjiswa kuphela ukugwema iziphuzo ezidakayo kusasele amahora angama-48 ngaphambi kokuhlolwa nokugwema imisebenzi ebonakalayo ngosuku olungu-1 ngaphambili, njengoba kungenzeka phazamisa imiphumela. Bona ukuthi isibalo segazi senzani nokuthi usitolika kanjani.

Izingxenye zegazi

Igazi lakhiwa ingxenye engamanzi nengxenye eqinile. Ingxenye ewuketshezi ibizwa nge-plasma, u-90% wayo ungamanzi kuphela bese kuthi okunye kwenziwe ngamaprotheni, ama-enzyme namaminerali.

Ingxenye eqinile yakhiwe ngezinto ezitholakele, okungamaseli afana namaseli abomvu egazi, ama-leukocyte nama-platelets futhi adlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle komzimba.

1. IPlasma

I-Plasma yingxenye ewuketshezi yegazi, iba ne-viscous ngokungaguquguquki nephuzi ngombala. I-Plasma yakhiwa esibindini kanti amaprotheni amakhulu akhona ngama-globulin, i-albumin ne-fibrinogen. I-Plasma inomsebenzi wokuhambisa isikhutha, izakhamzimba kanye nobuthi obukhiqizwa ngamaseli, ngaphezu kokuba nesibopho sokuhambisa imithi emzimbeni wonke.

2. Amaseli abomvu egazi noma ama-erythrocyte

Amaseli abomvu egazi ayingxenye eqinile, ebomvu yegazi elinomsebenzi wokuhambisa umoya-mpilo emzimbeni wonke, ngoba line-hemoglobin. Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi akhiqizwa umnkantsha, uhlala cishe izinsuku eziyi-120 futhi ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi ubhujiswa esibindini nasesipilini.

Inani lamaseli abomvu egazi ku-1 cubic mm emadodeni cishe lalingaba yizigidi ezi-5 kanti kwabesifazane lilinganiselwa ezigidini ezi-4.5, lapho lawa manani engaphansi kokulindelekile, umuntu angahle abe ne-anemia. Lokhu kubalwa kungenziwa ngokuhlolwa okubizwa ngokuthi ukubalwa okuphelele kwegazi.

Uma uhlolwe igazi muva nje futhi ufuna ukuqonda ukuthi umphumela ungasho ukuthini, faka imininingwane yakho lapha:

3. Ama-leukocyte noma amaseli egazi amhlophe

Ama-leukocyte anesibopho sokuvikela umzimba futhi akhiqizwa umnkantsha kanye nama-lymph node. Ama-leukocyte akhiwa ngama-neutrophils, ama-eosinophil, ama-basophil, ama-lymphocyte nama-monocyte.

• Ama-neutrophils: Zisebenza ukulwa nokuvuvukala okuncane kanye nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane noma isikhunta. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi kukhombisa ukwanda kwama-neutrophils, lo muntu angaba nokuvuvukala okuthile okubangelwa yi-bacterium noma ukhunta. Ama-neutrophils aqukethe amabhaktheriya nesikhunta, okwenza lezi zinhlaka ezinolaka zingasizi ngalutho, kodwa bese ziyafa zivelise ubomvu. Uma leli phunga lingashiyi umzimba, lidala ukuvuvukala nokwakheka kwethumba.
• Ama-Eosinophils: Zisebenza ukulwa nezifo ezinciphisayo kanye nokungezwani nomzimba.
• Ama-Basophils: Zisebenza ukulwa namagciwane kanye nokungezwani komzimba, ziholela ekukhishweni kwe-histamine, okuholela ekuthanjisweni kwe-vasodilation ukuze amaseli wokuvikela amaningi afinyelele esifundeni esidingekayo ekususweni komenzeli ohlaselayo.
• Ama-lymphocyte: Zivame kakhulu ohlelweni lwe-lymphatic kodwa futhi zikhona egazini futhi ziyizinhlobo ezi-2: Amaseli ka-B no-T asebenzela amasosha omzimba alwa namagciwane namaseli omdlavuza.
• Ama-monocyte: Bangashiya umjelo wegazi futhi bakhethekile kwi-phagocytosis, equkethe ukubulala umhlaseli nokwethula ingxenye yalowo ohlasela i-T lymphocyte ukuze kukhiqizwe amangqamuzana amaningi okuvikela.

Qonda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ayini ama-leukocyte nokuthi ayini amanani wesethenjwa.

4. Ama-Platelet noma ama-thrombocyte

Ama-platelet amangqamuzana anomthwalo wokumisa ukuphuma kwegazi ngokwakhiwa kwamahlule egazi. I-cubic millimeter eyodwa yegazi kufanele iqukathe ama-platelet ayi-150,000 kuya ku-400,000.

Lapho umuntu enama-platelet ambalwa kunokujwayelekile kunenkinga ekunqandeni ukopha, kungaba khona ukopha okungaholela ekufeni, futhi lapho kunama-platelet amaningi kunokujwayelekile kunengozi yokwakheka kwe-thrombus okungasusa ukuvaleka komunye umthambo wegazi ongadala infarction, unhlangothi noma embolism yamaphaphu. Bona ukuthi amaplatelet aphezulu naphansi angasho ukuthini.

Izinhlobo zegazi

Igazi lingahlukaniswa ngokuya ngobukhona noma ukungabikho kwama-antigen A no-B ebusweni bamaseli abomvu egazi. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo ezine zegazi zingachazwa ngokuya ngezigaba ze-ABO:

1. Uhlobo lwegazi A, lapho amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ane-antigen A ebusweni bawo futhi akhiqize ama-anti-B antibodies;
2. Uhlobo lwegazi B, lapho amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ane-B antigen ebusweni bawo futhi akhiqize ama-anti-A antibodies;
3. Uhlobo lwegazi AB, lapho amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anezinhlobo zombili ze-antigen ebusweni bawo;
4. Uhlobo lwegazi O, lapho ama-erythrocyte angenawo ama-antigen, ngokukhiqizwa kwama-antigen A no-anti-B.

Uhlobo lwegazi lubonakala ngesikhathi sokuzalwa ngokuhlaziywa kwelabhorethri. Thola konke ngohlobo lwegazi lakho.

Funda kabanzi ngezinhlobo zegazi futhi uqonde ukuthi umnikelo usebenza kanjani, kuvidiyo elandelayo: