Ukuhlolwa Kwamathambo Nokuxilongwa

-Delile

• Yiziphi izinyathelo zokuxilongwa kwamathambo?
• Ukuthatha umlando wezokwelapha
• Ukwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba
• Ukuhlolwa kwesisindo samathambo
• Ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo
• Ngabe kusebenza kanjani ukuhlolwa kwamaminerali amathambo?
• Ziyini izingcuphe zokuhlolwa kwamathambo?
• Ngilulungiselela kanjani uvivinyo lokuxilongwa kwamathambo?
• Uyini umbono ngemuva kokutholakala kwamathambo?

Yini i-osteoporosis?

I-osteoporosis yisimo esenzeka lapho umuntu ezwa ukulahleka okukhulu kwamathambo. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi amathambo abe ntekenteke futhi athambekele ekuqhekekeni. Igama elithi “ukukhumuzeka kwamathambo” lisho “amathambo anezimbotshana.”

Isimo ngokuvamile sithinta abantu abadala futhi singadala ukulahleka kokuphakama ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Yiziphi izinyathelo zokuxilongwa kwamathambo?

Ukuhlonza i-osteoporosis kudinga izinyathelo ezimbalwa. Udokotela uzohlola ngokuphelele ingozi yakho ye-osteoporosis kanye nengozi yokuphuka. Izinyathelo zokuxilonga i-osteoporosis zifaka okulandelayo:

Ukuthatha umlando wezokwelapha

Udokotela uzobuza imibuzo ephathelene nezici zobungozi be-osteoporosis. Umlando womndeni we-osteoporosis ukwandisa ingozi yakho. Izici zokuphila, kufaka phakathi ukudla, ukuzivocavoca umzimba, imikhuba yokuphuza, nemikhuba yokubhema nakho kungaba nomthelela engozini yakho. Udokotela uzophinde abuyekeze izimo zezokwelapha onazo nemithi okungenzeka uyithathile. Izimpawu ze-osteoporosis udokotela wakho okungenzeka akubuze ngazo zifaka noma yikuphi ukuphuka kwethambo okwenzekile, umlando wakho wobuhlungu beqolo, ukwehla kokuphakama ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, noma ukuma okugoqekile.

Ukwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba

Udokotela uzolinganisa ubude bomuntu bese eqhathanisa lokhu nezilinganiso zangaphambilini. Ukuphakama kwesisindo kungabonisa ukukhumuzeka kwamathambo. Udokotela wakho angakubuza ukuthi ngabe unenkinga yokuvuka endaweni yokuhlala ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izingalo zakho ukuziphakamisa. Bangase futhi benze ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola amazinga akho kavithamini D, kanye nokunye ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuthola umsebenzi womzimba wamathambo akho. Umsebenzi we-Metabolic ungakhuphuka esimweni se-osteoporosis.

Ukuhlolwa kwesisindo samathambo

Uma udokotela enquma ukuthi usengozini ye-osteoporosis, ungahlolwa ukuhlolwa kwamathambo. Isibonelo esivamile ukuskena okubili kwamandla we-X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Lokhu kuhlolwa okungenabuhlungu, okusheshayo isebenzisa izithombe ze-X-ray ukukala ukuminyana kwethambo nobungozi bokuphuka.

Ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo

Izimo zezokwelapha zingadala ukulahleka kwethambo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-parathyroid ne-thyroid. Udokotela angenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo ukukhipha lokhu. Ukuhlola kungafaka amazinga e-calcium, ukusebenza kwe-thyroid namazinga e-testosterone emadodeni.

Ngabe kusebenza kanjani ukuhlolwa kwamaminerali amathambo?

Ngokusho kwe-Radiological Society of North America (RSNA), ukuskena kwe-DEXA kuyisilinganiso sokulinganisa ukuminyana kwamathambo omuntu kanye nengozi yokuba ne-osteoporosis. Lokhu kuhlolwa okungenabuhlungu kusebenzisa ama-X-ray ukukala ukuminyana kwethambo.

Isazi ngemisebe senza ukuskena kwe-DEXA kusetshenziswa idivaysi emaphakathi noma eseceleni. Idivayisi emaphakathi isetshenziswa kakhulu esibhedlela noma ehhovisi likadokotela. Umuntu ulele etafuleni ngenkathi isithwebuli sisetshenziselwa ukukala ukuminyana kwethambo lomgogodla nomgogodla.

A peripheral device is more often used at mobile mobile fairs or pharmacy. Odokotela babiza ukuhlolwa komngcele ngokuthi "ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa." Idivayisi incane futhi ifana nebhokisi. Ungabeka unyawo noma ingalo kuskena ukuze ulinganise ubukhulu bethambo.

Ngokuya nge-RSNA, isivivinyo sithatha noma yikuphi ukusuka emizuzwini eyi-10 kuye kwengama-30 ukwenza. Odokotela bangenza futhi ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe okwaziwa njengokuhlolwa kwe-lateral vertebral (LVA). Njengoba ubuhlungu emuva buyizimpawu ezivamile zokuqhekeka kwe-vertebral kusuka ku-osteoporosis kanye nophawu olujwayelekile ngokujwayelekile, i-LVA ihlolwe ukuthola ukuthi ingasiza yini odokotela ukuhlukanisa i-osteoporosis ezinhlungwini ezingemuva ezingemuva.Lokhu kuhlolwa kusebenzisa imishini ye-DEXA ukusiza ukuthola ukuthi ngabe umuntu usenokuphuka komgogodla yini. Ukusetshenziswa okuphelele komtholampilo kwalolu vivinyo ekuhlolweni nasekuphathweni kwamathambo kuhlala kungundabuzekwayo.

Imiphumela ye-DEXA imaging ifaka izikolo ezimbili: isikolo se-T nesikolo esingu-Z. I-T score iqhathanisa isisindo samathambo omuntu nomuntu omdala osemusha wobulili obufanayo. NgokweNational Osteoporosis Foundation, amaphuzu awela ezigabeni ezilandelayo:

• okukhulu kune - 1: okujwayelekile
• -1 kuya ku--2.5: isisindo samathambo aphansi (okuthiwa i-osteopenia, isimo esingaphambi kwesifo samathambo)
• ngaphansi kuka -2.5: ngokujwayelekile kukhombisa ukukhumuzeka kwamathambo

Isikolo esingu-Z siqhathanisa ubungako bamaminerali amathambo omuntu nalabo babantu abalingana nabo, ubulili, nohlobo lomzimba lulonke. Uma isilinganiso sakho se-Z singaphansi kwe-2, okunye ngaphandle kokuguga okujwayelekile kungaba nesibopho sokwehla kwesisindo sakho samaminerali. Ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kungaqinisekiswa.

Lezi zivivinyo zokuxilonga azisho ukuthi nakanjani uzobhekana ne-osteoporosis noma ukuphuka kwethambo. Esikhundleni salokho, basiza udokotela wakho ekuhloleni ubungozi bakho. Baphinde banikeze udokotela ukuthi ukwelashwa okungaphezulu kungadingeka futhi kufanele kuxoxwe ngakho.

Ziyini izingcuphe zokuhlolwa kwamathambo?

Ukuskena kwe-DEXA akulindelekile ukuthi kubangele ubuhlungu. Kodwa-ke, kufaka phakathi ukuvezwa okuthile okuncane kwemisebe. Ngokwe-RSNA, ukuvezwa kungokweshumi kokutholwe yi-X-ray yendabuko.

Abesifazane okungenzeka ukuthi bakhulelwe bangaxwayiswa ngokuhlolwa. Uma kunesibonakaliso sengozi ephezulu yamathambo kowesifazane okhulelwe, angahle afune ukucabanga ngokuxoxa ngobuhle nobubi bokuhlolwa kwe-DEXA nodokotela wakhe.

Ngilulungiselela kanjani uvivinyo lokuxilongwa kwamathambo?

Awudingi ukudla ukudla okukhethekile noma uyeke ukudla ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwe-DEXA. Kodwa-ke, udokotela angancoma ukuthi uyeke ukuthatha izithasiselo ze-calcium ngosuku ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.

Owesifazane kufanele futhi azise uchwepheshe we-X-ray uma kukhona okungenzeka ukuthi ukhulelwe. Udokotela angahlehlisela ukuhlolwa kuze kube ngemuva kokubeletha kwengane noma ancoma izindlela zokunciphisa ukuvezwa ngemisebe.

Uyini umbono ngemuva kokutholakala kwamathambo?

Odokotela basebenzisa imiphumela yokuhlola ukwenza izincomo zokwelashwa kubantu abane-osteopenia ne-osteoporosis. Abanye abantu bangadinga ukwenza izinguquko endleleni yokuphila. Abanye bangadinga imithi.

Ngokusho kwe-American College of Rheumatology, abantu abanesilinganiso esiphansi samathambo bangathola nesilinganiso sokuhlolwa kobungozi (FRAX). Lesi silinganiso sibikezela ukuthi kungenzeka umuntu ahlangabezane nokuphuka kwethambo eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo. Odokotela basebenzisa izikolo ze-FRAX nemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwamaminerali wamathambo ukuncoma ukwelashwa.

Lezi zilinganiso azisho ukuthi uzoqhubekela phambili kusuka e-osteopenia kuya kwi-osteoporosis noma uzwe ukuphuka. Esikhundleni salokho, bakhuthaza izindlela zokuvimbela. Izibonelo zifaka:

• izindlela zokuvimbela ukuwa
• ukwandisa i-calcium yokudla
• ukuthatha imithi
• ukuyeka ukubhema