Ukushoda kwe-iron anemia

I-anemia yisimo lapho umzimba ungenawo amangqamuzana egazi abomvu anele anele. Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anikeza umoya-mpilo ezicutshini zomzimba. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-anemia.

Ukushoda kwe-iron anemia kwenzeka lapho umzimba wakho ungenayo i-iron eyanele. Insimbi isiza ekwenzeni amaseli abomvu egazi. Ukushoda kwe-iron anemia kuyindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu yokushoda kwegazi.

Amaseli egazi abomvu aletha umoya-mpilo ezicutshini zomzimba. Amaseli abomvu aphilile enziwe emnkantsheni wakho wethambo. Amangqamuzana egazi abomvu azungeza emzimbeni wakho izinyanga ezintathu kuya kwezine. Izingxenye zomzimba wakho, ezifana nobende bakho, zisusa amangqamuzana egazi amadala.

I-iron iyingxenye eyinhloko yamaseli abomvu egazi. Ngaphandle kwensimbi, igazi alikwazi ukuthwala umoya-mpilo ngempumelelo. Umzimba wakho uvamise ukuthola insimbi ekudleni kwakho. Iphinde isebenzise insimbi ephuma kumaseli abomvu egazi amadala.

Ukushoda kwe-iron anemia kuyakhula lapho izitolo zensimbi zomzimba wakho ziphela. Lokhu kungenzeka ngoba:

• Ulahlekelwa amangqamuzana egazi amaningi kanye nensimbi kunalokho umzimba wakho ongakuthatha
• Umzimba wakho awenzi umsebenzi omuhle wokumunca i-ayoni
• Umzimba wakho uyakwazi ukumunca i-ayoni, kepha awudli ukudla okwanele okuqukethe i-iron
• Umzimba wakho udinga i-iron eningi kunokujwayelekile (njengokuthi ukhulelwe noma uncelisa)

Ukopha kungadala ukulahleka kwensimbi. Izimbangela ezivamile zokopha yilezi:

• Isikhathi esindayo, esinde, noma esivame ukuya esikhathini
• Umdlavuza endaweni yesisu, esiswini, emathunjini amancane, noma kukholoni
• Ama-esophageal varices, imvamisa avela ku-cirrhosis
• Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ye-aspirin, ibuprofen, noma i-arthritis isikhathi eside, engadala ukopha emathunjini
• Isifo sesilonda se-Peptic

Umzimba kungenzeka ungamunci insimbi eyanele ekudleni kwakho ngenxa ye:

• Isifo seCeliac
• Isifo seCrohn
• Ukuhlinzwa kokudlula esiswini
• Ukuthatha ama-antacids amaningi kakhulu noma i-tetracycline elwa namagciwane kakhulu

Ungahle ungatholi insimbi eyanele ekudleni kwakho uma:

• Ungumuntu odla imifino kuphela
• Awudli ukudla okwanele okuqukethe i-ayoni

Ungahle ungabi nazimpawu uma i-anemia imnene.

Isikhathi esiningi, izimpawu zimnene ekuqaleni futhi zikhula kancane. Izimpawu zingafaka:

• Ukuzizwa ubuthakathaka noma ukhathele kaningi kunokujwayelekile, noma ngokuzivocavoca umzimba
• Ukuphathwa ikhanda
• Isiyezi
• Ukushaya kancane
• Izinkinga ukugxila noma ukucabanga

Njengoba i-anemia iba yimbi, izimpawu zingafaka:

• Izipikili eziphukile
• Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwabamhlophe beso
• Isifiso sokudla iqhwa noma ezinye izinto ezingezona zokudla (i-pica)
• Uzizwa unekhanda elincane lapho usukuma
• Umbala wesikhumba okhanyayo
• Ukuphelelwa umoya
• Ulimi oluhlungu noma oluvuvukele
• Izilonda zomlomo
• Ukuhamba okungalawulwa kwemilenze (ngesikhathi sokulala)
• Ukulahleka kwezinwele

Izimpawu zezimo (ezihambisana nokuphuma kwegazi) ezibangela ukushoda kwe-iron anemia zifaka:

• Izitokisi ezimnyama, ezinombala wetiyela noma igazi esitokisini
• Ukopha okukhulu kokuya esikhathini (abesifazane)
• Ubuhlungu esiswini esingenhla (kusuka ezilonda)
• Ukwehla kwesisindo (kubantu abanomdlavuza)

Ukuthola i-anemia, umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo anga-oda lezi zivivinyo zegazi:

• Qedela ukubalwa kwegazi
• Ukubalwa kwe-Reticulocyte

Ukuhlola amazinga wensimbi, umhlinzeki wakho anga-oda:

• I-bone marrow biopsy (uma ukuxilongwa kungacaci)
• Umthamo wokubopha i-Iron (TIBC) egazini
• I-serum ferritin
• Izinga lensimbi leSerum
• Izinga le-serum hepcidin (amaprotheni kanye nomlawuli wensimbi emzimbeni)

Ukuhlola izimbangela (ukulahleka kwegazi) kokushoda kwensimbi, umhlinzeki wakho anga-oda:

• Colonoscopy
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi lomlingo we-Fecal
• I-endoscopy ephezulu
• Ukuhlolwa ukuthola imithombo yokulahleka kwegazi emgudwini wokuchama noma esibelethweni

Ukwelashwa kungabandakanya ukuthatha izithasiselo zensimbi nokudla ukudla okune-iron.

Izithasiselo ze-iron (imvamisa i-sulfate ene-ferrous) zakha izitolo zensimbi emzimbeni wakho. Isikhathi esiningi, umhlinzeki wakho uzokala izinga lakho lensimbi ngaphambi kokuqala izithako.

Uma ungakwazi ukuthatha i-ayoni ngomlomo, kungadingeka ukuthi uyihambise ngomthambo (ngemithambo) noma ngomjovo ongena emisipheni.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe nabancelisayo bazodinga ukuthatha i-ayini eyengeziwe ngoba imvamisa abakwazi ukuthola i-ayoni eyanele ekudleni kwabo okujwayelekile.

I-hematocrit yakho kufanele ibuyele kokujwayelekile kungakapheli amasonto ayisithupha we-iron therapy. Uzodinga ukuqhubeka uthatha i-ayini ezinye izinyanga eziyisithupha ukuya kweziyi-12 ukuze ungene esikhundleni sezitolo zensimbi zomzimba emnkantsheni wethambo.

Izithasiselo ze-Iron zivame ukubekezelelwa kahle, kepha zingadala:

• Isicanucanu
• Ukuhlanza
• Ukuqunjelwa

Ukudla okunothe ngensimbi kufaka:

• Inkukhu ne-turkey
• Ama-lentile omisiwe, uphizi nobhontshisi
• Inhlanzi
• Inyama (isibindi ngumthombo ophakeme kakhulu)
• AmaSoya, ubhontshisi obhakiwe, amantongomane
• Isinkwa esisanhlamvu sonke

Eminye imithombo ifaka:

• I-oatmeal
• Omisiwe, ama-prune, ama-apricot namakinati
• Isipinashi, i-kale, neminye imifino

UVitamin C usiza umzimba wakho ukumunca i-ayoni. Imithombo emihle kavithamini C yile:

• Amawolintshi
• Amagilebhisi
• ikiwi
• Amajikijolo
• I-broccoli
• Utamatisi

Ngokwelashwa, umphumela kungenzeka ube muhle, kepha kuya ngesizathu.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma:

• Unezimpawu zokushoda kwensimbi
• Uqaphela igazi esitokisini sakho

Ukudla okunomsoco kufanele kufake insimbi eyanele. Inyama ebomvu, isibindi, namaqanda amaqanda yimithombo ephezulu yensimbi. Ufulawa, isinkwa, nokunye okusanhlamvu kuqiniswa ngensimbi. Uma welulekwa ngumhlinzeki wakho, thatha izithasiselo zensimbi uma ungatholi insimbi eyanele ekudleni kwakho.

Ukushoda kwegazi - ukuntuleka kwensimbi

• Ama-Reticulocyte
• Amaseli egazi
• IHemoglobin

I-Brittenham GM. Ukuphazamiseka kwe-iron homeostasis: ukuntuleka kwensimbi nokugcwala ngokweqile. Ku: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, ama-eds. I-Hematology: Izimiso Eziyisisekelo Nokuzijwayeza. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 36.

Kusho i-RT. Sondela kuma-anemias. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 149.

UMnyango Wezempilo kanye Nezinsizakalo Zabantu e-US; Iwebhusayithi yeNational Heart, Lung, neGazi Institute. Ukushoda kwe-iron anemia. www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/iron-deficiency-anemia. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Ephreli 24, 2020.