Kungenzeka yini ukuthi i-Pernicious Anemia ibe Isizathu Sokuba Ukhathele Kangaka?

-Delile

• Yini i-anemia eyingozi?
• Kuvame kangakanani i-anemia eyingozi?
• Izimpawu zePernicious Anemia
• Izimbangela Ze-anemia Eyingozi
• Ukwelashwa Kwe-anemia Eyingozi
• Buyekeza kwe-

Iqiniso: Ukuzizwa ukhathele lapha nalaphaya kunengxenye yokuba ngumuntu. Ukukhathala okuqhubekayo, noma kunjalo, kungaba uphawu lwesimo sempilo esiyisisekelo - kufaka phakathi into ebizwa ngokuthi i-anemia eyingozi.

Cishe ujwayelene ne-anemia, isimo esivame kakhulu esivezwa ukungabi bikho kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu anempilo angaholela ekukhathaleni okukhulu, isiyezi, nokuphefumula okuncane.

I-anemia eyingozi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, isifo segazi esingavamile lapho umzimba ungakwazi ukusebenzisa kahle i-vitamin B12, ivithamini ebalulekile yamangqamuzana egazi abomvu enempilo, ngokusho kweNational Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD). Ngokufana ne-anemia, i-anemia eyingozi ikakhulukazi ibonakaliswa ukukhathala okungapheli, phakathi kwezinye izimpawu, kepha ukuthola ukuthi i-anemia eyingozi kuvame ukuba nzima kakhulu.

Indaba: Umqeqeshi osaziwayo u-Harley Pasternak usanda kukhuluma ngokuphila kwakhe nge-anemia eyingozi. "Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ngangikhathele, futhi angikwazanga ukuthola ukuthi yini engalungile - ngidla kahle, ngiyazivocavoca, ngizama ukulala kahle," esho kuvidiyo ye-Instagram. "Bengihlolwa igazi, futhi kukhombisile ukuthi empeleni ngangingenayo i-vitamin B12 emzimbeni wami," yize ngidla njalo ukudla okuphezulu eB12, kuchaza uPasternak.

Ngemuva kokuthola leyo miphumela, uPasternak uthe wakhuphula ukudla kwakhe kwe-B12 esebenzisa izithasiselo ezahlukahlukene, kusuka kwisifutho se-B12 kuya kumaphilisi e-B12. Kodwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi okwalandela kukhombisile ukuthi yena namanje "wayengenayo i-B12 emzimbeni [wakhe]," kusho uPasternak. Kuvele ukuthi une-anemia eyingozi, futhi lesi simo besivimbela umzimba wakhe ukuthi ungamunce futhi usebenzise i-B12, noma ngabe wengeza futhi wadla malini, uchaze. (Okuhlobene: Ingabe Ukushoda Kwevithamini Kungakulimaza Ukujima Kwakho?)

Ngezansi, ochwepheshe bachaza konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana ne-anemia eyingozi, kusukela kulokho okungabangela lesi simo kuya endleleni yokwelapha.

Yini i-anemia eyingozi?

I-anemia eyingozi yenzeka lapho umzimba wakho ungakwazi ukwenza amangqamuzana egazi abomvu anempilo ngenxa yokuthi awukwazi ukusebenzisa uvithamini B12 owudlayo, ngokusho kweNational Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI). Kutholakala obisini, amaqanda, inhlanzi, izinkukhu, kanye nezinhlamvu eziqinile, i-vitamin B12 ibalulekile ekugcineni amazinga akho wamandla. (Okwengeziwe lapha: Kungani Amavithamini B Eyimfihlo Yamandla Engeziwe)

Nge-anemia eyingozi, umzimba wakho awukwazi ukuncela i-vitamin B12 eyanele ekudleni. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kwenzeka ngoba umzimba wakho awunayo into engaphakathi, iphrotheni eyenziwe esiswini, ngokusho kwe-NHLBI. Ngenxa yalokhu, uhlangabezana nokushoda kukavithamini B12.

FWIW, ezinye izimo zingabangela ukushoda kwevithamini B12, ngakho-ke i-anemia eyingozi akuyona indlela yokuxilongwa uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuveza ukuthi une-B12 ephansi. "Ukuba i-vegan nokungathathi i-B12 eyanele ekudleni kwakho, ukuhlinzwa esiswini ngokudlula kwesisindo, ukwanda kwamagciwane emathunjini, imishanguzo efana nomuthi we-acid reflux, i-metformin yesifo sikashukela, noma ukuphazamiseka kofuzo" konke kungadala ukushoda kwevithamini B12. , kusho uSandy Kotiah, MD, udokotela wezifo zegazi, oncologist, nomqondisi weThe Neuroendocrine Tumor Center eMercy Medical Center eBaltimore. (Okuhlobene: 10 Amaphutha Okunempilo Ama-Vegans Enza - nokuthi Ungazilungisa Kanjani)

Kuvame kangakanani i-anemia eyingozi?

I-anemia enamandla ibhekwa njengesimo esingajwayelekile, ngakho-ke kunzima ukusho ukuthi bangaki abantu ababhekana nayo.

Okokuqala, akukho "ukuvumelana kwangempela" emphakathini wezokwelapha ngalokho okubalwa njengokushoda kukavithamini B12, ngokusho kwePernicious Anemia Society (PAS). Lokho kusho, iphepha lika-2015 elishicilelwe kujenali Imithi Yezokwelapha ilinganisela ukuthi ukuntuleka kukavithamini B12 kuthinta okungenani amaphesenti ama-3 abantu abadala base-U.S. abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-20 nengama-39 ubudala, amaphesenti ama-4 alabo abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-40 nengama-59 ubudala, namaphesenti ama-6 abantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-60 nangaphezulu. Nokho, futhi, i-anemia eyingozi akumelwe isolwe kuzo zonke lezi zimo.

Kunzima nokwazi ukuthi bangaki abantu abane-anemia eyingozi ngoba isivivinyo se-intrinsic factor, esibizwa nge-Intrinsic Factor Antibody Test, sinamaphesenti angama-50 kuphela anembile, ngokusho kwe-PAS. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi cishe uhhafu walabo abane-anemia eyingozi abanazo izifo zomzimba ezitholakala ngaphakathi, ngokusho kwe-American Association for Clinical Chemistry.

Ngakho konke lokho emqondweni, ucwaningo luveza ukuthi lesi simo kungenzeka sithinte amaphesenti angu-0.1 kuphela wabantu abaningi kanye namaphesenti angu-2 abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala. Ngakho-ke, nakuba kungenzeka, akufanele nje ugxume ukuze ucabange ukuthi ukukhathala kwakho kubangelwa i-anemia eyingozi.

Izimpawu zePernicious Anemia

Abanye abantu abane-anemia eyingozi ngeke babe nezimpawu, izimpawu ezincane kakhulu, noma, kwezinye izimo, izimpawu ngeke zivele kuze kube ngemuva kweminyaka engama-30, ngokusho kweNational Library of Medicine. Akucaci ngokuphelele ukuthi kungani, kepha ukuqala kwe-anemia eyingozi kuvame ukuhamba kancane futhi kungathatha amashumi eminyaka, yingakho izimpawu zingase zingaveli kuze kube kamuva, ngokusho kweNORD.

"Kungathatha iminyaka eminingana ukukhula kwezimpawu, kuya ngesitolo sakho sokuqala sikavithamini B12," kuphawula uJack Jacoub, M.D., udokotela wezifo zegazi kanye nomdlavuza we-oncologist, kanye nomqondisi wezokwelapha we-MemorialCare Cancer Institute e-Orange Coast Medical Center eFountain Valley, eCalifornia. "Kodwa izimpawu zivame ukudlula ukukhathala nje." (Okuhlobene: I-Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Ingaphezu Kokukhathala Ngempela Isikhathi Sonke)

Izimpawu ezivamile ze-anemia zifaka:

• Uhudo noma ukuqunjelwa
• Isicanucanu
• Ukuhlanza
• Ikhanda elikhanyayo lapho umile noma ngokuzikhandla
• Ukuphelelwa isifiso sokudla
• Isikhumba esiphaphathekile
• Ukuphefumula, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca umzimba
• Isilungulela
• Ulimi oluvuvukile, olubomvu noma izinsini ezophayo (ulimi olubi lwe-anemia)

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-anemia eyingozi ingabangela ukulimala kwezinzwa futhi ingase iholele kulezi zimpawu ezengeziwe ezingezansi, ngokusho kwe-National Library of Medicine:

• Ukudideka
• Ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo yesikhashana
• Ukucindezeleka
• Ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi
• Ukuba ndikindiki nokushosheka ezandleni nasezinyaweni
• Ubunzima bokugxila
• Ukucasuka
• Ukusangana
• Ukukhohlisa
• I-Optic nerve atrophy (isimo esibangela ukungaboni kahle)

Izimbangela Ze-anemia Eyingozi

Kunezinto ezimbalwa ezahlukahlukene ezingaholela ekushoneni kwegazi okuyingozi, ngokusho kweNHLBI:

• Ukushoda kwe-intrinsic factor. Uma une-anemia eyingozi, umzimba wakho wenza amasosha omzimba ahlasela futhi abhubhise amangqamuzana e-parietal, ahlanganisa isisu sakho futhi enze into engaphakathi. (Ochwepheshe bathi akwaziwa ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka.) Ngaphandle kwesici esiyisisekelo, umzimba wakho awukwazi ukuhambisa uvithamini B12 emathunjini amancane, lapho umunce khona, bese ugcina usuthola ukuntuleka kwe-B12 bese kuthi nawe ube ne-anemia eyingozi.
• I-Malabsorption emathunjini amancane. I-anemia eyingozi ingenzeka ngenxa yokuthi amathumbu amancane awakwazi ukumunca kahle uvithamini B12. Lokho kungenzeka ngenxa yamagciwane athile emathunjini amancane, izimo eziphazamisa ukumuncwa kwe-B12 (njengesifo se-celiac), imithi ethile, ukususwa kokuhlinzwa kwengxenye noma wonke amathumbu amancane, noma, ezimweni ezingavamile, ukutheleleka kwe-tapeworm. .
• Ukudla okungenayo i-B12. I-NHLBI ithi ukudla kuyimbangela "engejwayelekile kakhulu" ye-anemia eyingozi, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kudlala indima, ikakhulukazi "kwabadla imifino kuphela" kanye nama-vegans angathathi i-vitamin B12.

Ukwelashwa Kwe-anemia Eyingozi

Futhi, ukudla kwesinye isikhathi idlala indima ku-anemia eyingozi, kodwa ngokuvamile, ukwelashwa ngeke kusebenze uma usebenza nje ukudla uvithamini B12 owengeziwe noma ukuthatha isithasiselo ngoba lokho akuwenzi umsoco ube ne-bioavailable. "Ukushoda kwe-B12 ku-anemia eyingozi [imvamisa] kubangelwa ama-autoantibodies avimbela ukumuncwa okwanele kwe-B12 emathunjini amancane," kuchaza u-Amanda Kaveney, M.D., umsizi kaprofesa we-hematology eRutgers University - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School. (Okuhlobene: Izimpawu Eziphansi Vitamin D Wonke Umuntu Okufanele Azazi Ngazo)

"Ukuzama ukunqoba ukushoda kwe-B12 ngokufaka ngaphezulu i-B12 ngokuvamile ngeke kusize ngoba unenkinga yokumunca," kunezela uDkt Jacoub.

Kunalokho, ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kuzocabangela izici ezimbalwa ezihlukene, okuhlanganisa ukuthi yini ebangela i-anemia yakho eyingozi kwasekuqaleni, ngokusho kwe-NHLBI. Ngokuvamile, i-National Library of Medicine ithi ukwelashwa kwe-anemia eyingozi ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa:

• Ukudubula kwanyanga zonke kukavithamini B12; imijovo ye-B12 isiza ukudlula izithiyo ezingaba khona zokumuncwa. (Abantu abanamazinga aphansi kakhulu e-B12 bangadinga isibhamu esivame kakhulu ekuqaleni kokwelashwa.)
• Ngokuvamile, abanye abantu babona impumelelo ngemuva kokuthatha izilinganiso ezinkulu kakhulu zamavithamini B12 ngomlomo. "Kukhona idatha ebonisa ukuthi uma uthatha umthamo okwanele wevithamini B12 - 2,000 micrograms [ngaphansi kolimi], isibonelo - futhi uthatha inani elincane lalowo mthamo, ukuthi ungalungisa amazinga akho e-vitamin B12," kusho. UDkt. Kotiah. (Ngomongo, inani lansuku zonke elinconyiwe likavithamini B-12 ngama-micrograms angu-2.4 kuphela.)
• Ukuthatha uhlobo oluthile lwevithamini B12 nge-nasal spray (indlela ekhonjisiwe yokwenza ukuthi i-vithamini itholakale ngokungaphezulu kwezinye izimo).

Okubalulekile: Ukukhathala njalo akuvamile. Kungenzeka kungabi ngenxa yokushoda kwegazi okuyingozi, kepha noma ngabe kunjalo, kufanelekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho. Kungenzeka bahlole ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuzama ukuthola ukuthi kwenzekani, futhi bathathe izinto lapho.

Buyekeza kwe-