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• Indlela ehlukile yokulwa namagciwane
• Isebenza kanjani i-phage therapy
• Ukwelashwa kwe-Phage vs.
• 1. Ama-antibiotic ahlasela izinhlobo ezingaphezu kweyodwa zamagciwane
• 2. Ama-antibiotic angaholela "kuma-superbugs"
• Izinzuzo zokwelashwa kwe-Phage
• Ukuphazamiseka kokwelashwa kwe-Phage
• Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Phage e-United States
• Emkhakheni wokudla
• Izimo ezingazuza ekwelashweni kwepagege
• Ukuthatha

Indlela ehlukile yokulwa namagciwane

I-Phage therapy (PT) ibizwa nangokuthi ukwelashwa kwe-bacteriophage. Isebenzisa amagciwane ukwelapha ukutheleleka kwamagciwane. Amagciwane egciwane abizwa ngokuthi ama-phages noma ama-bacteriophages. Bahlasela amabhaktheriya kuphela; amaphayiphu awanabungozi kubantu, ezilwaneni nasezitshalweni.

Ama-bacteriophages yizitha zemvelo zamagciwane. Igama elithi bacteriophage lisho ukuthi “odla amagciwane.” Atholakala enhlabathini, endle, emanzini, nakwezinye izindawo amabhaktheriya ahlala khona. Lawa magciwane asiza ukugcina ukukhula kwamagciwane kubheke emvelweni.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Phage kungazwakala kukusha, kepha kusetshenziswe iminyaka. Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa akwaziwa kahle. Ucwaningo oluningi luyadingeka kuma-bacteriophages. Lokhu kwelashwa kwamagciwane abangela izifo kungaba yindlela ewusizo kuma-antibiotic.

Isebenza kanjani i-phage therapy

Ama-bacteriophages abulala amagciwane ngokuwenza aqhume noma abe ne-lyse. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho igciwane libopha amabhaktheriya. Igciwane lithelela amagciwane ngokujova izakhi zofuzo (i-DNA noma i-RNA).

Igciwane le-phage liyazikopisha (likhiqiza kabusha) ngaphakathi kwamagciwane. Lokhu kungenza amagciwane amasha kubhaktheriya ngalinye. Ekugcineni, igciwane livula amabhaktheriya, likhiphe ama-bacteriophages amasha.

Ama-bacteriophages angaphindaphindeka futhi akhule ngaphakathi kwegciwane. Lapho wonke amabhaktheriya efakwe intambo (efile), azoyeka ukwanda. Njengamanye amagciwane, ama-phages angalala buthule (ebusika) kuze kufike amabhaktheriya amaningi.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Phage vs.

Ama-antibiotic abizwa nangokuthi ama-anti-bacterials. Luhlobo lokwelashwa oluvame kakhulu lokutheleleka ngamagciwane. Ama-antibiotic amakhemikhali noma izidakamizwa eziqeda amabhaktheriya emzimbeni wakho.

Ama-antibiotic asindisa izimpilo futhi avimbela izifo ukuthi zisabalale. Noma kunjalo, zingadala izinkinga ezimbili eziyinhloko:

1. Ama-antibiotic ahlasela izinhlobo ezingaphezu kweyodwa zamagciwane

Lokhu kusho ukuthi angabulala amagciwane amabi futhi amahle emzimbeni wakho. Umzimba wakho udinga izinhlobo ezithile zebhaktheriya ukukusiza ukugaya ukudla, wenze izakhi zomzimba, futhi kukugcine uphilile.

Ama-bacteria amahle asiza futhi ukunqanda ezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, igciwane kanye nefungal ukuthi zikhule emzimbeni wakho. Yingakho ama-antibiotic angadala imiphumela emibi efana nale:

• isisu esibuhlungu
• isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• ukunyanyiswa
• ukuqunjelwa kanye ne-gassiness
• isifo sohudo
• imvubelo izifo

2. Ama-antibiotic angaholela "kuma-superbugs"

Lokhu kusho ukuthi esikhundleni sokuma, amanye amabhaktheriya ayahluleka ukumelana noma avikeleke ekwelashweni ngama-antibiotic. Ukumelana kwenzeka lapho amabhaktheriya eguquka noma eguquka abe namandla kunama-antibiotic.

Bangakwazi nokusabalalisa lo “mandla amakhulu” kwamanye amabhaktheriya. Lokhu kungadala ukutheleleka okuyingozi okungenakwelashwa. Amagciwane angenakulashwa angabulala.

Sebenzisa ama-antibiotic ngendlela efanele ukusiza ukuvimbela amabhaktheriya amelana nawo. Ngokwesibonelo:

• Sebenzisa ama-antibiotic kuphela ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane. Ama-antibiotic ngeke alaphe ukutheleleka ngegciwane njengamakhaza, umkhuhlane kanye ne-bronchitis.
• Ungawasebenzisi ama-antibiotics uma ungawadingi.
• Ungacindezeli udokotela wakho ukuthi akunikeze imithi elwa namagciwane wena noma ingane yakho.
• Thatha wonke ama-antibiotic njengoba kunqunyiwe.
• Gcwalisa isilinganiso esigcwele semithi elwa namagciwane, noma ngabe uzizwa ungcono.
• Ungathathi ama-antibiotic aphelelwe yisikhathi.
• Phonsa ama-antibiotic aphelelwe yisikhathi noma angasetshenziswanga.

Izinzuzo zokwelashwa kwe-Phage

Izinzuzo zokwelashwa kwephage zibhekana nokushiyeka kwama-antibiotic.

Njengoba kunezinhlobo eziningi zamagciwane, kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-bacteriophages. Kodwa uhlobo ngalunye lwephayini luzohlasela kuphela ibhaktheriya elithile. Ngeke ithelele ezinye izinhlobo zamagciwane.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-phage ingasetshenziselwa ukukhomba ngqo amabhaktheriya abangela izifo. Isibonelo, i-strep bacteriophage izobulala kuphela amabhaktheriya abangela ukutheleleka komphimbo we-strep.

Ucwaningo luka-2011 lubonise ezinye izinzuzo zama-bacteriophages:

• I-Phages isebenza ngokulwa namagciwane ayelaphekayo nalawo alwa namagciwane.
• Zingasetshenziswa zodwa noma ngama-antibiotic nezinye izidakamizwa.
• Ama-Phages ayaziphindaphinda futhi ande isibalo ngokwawo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa (kungadingeka umthamo owodwa kuphela).
• Ziphazamisa nje kancane amagciwane ajwayelekile "amahle" emzimbeni.
• Ama-Phages angokwemvelo futhi atholakala kalula.
• Azinabungozi (zinobuthi) emzimbeni.
• Azinabuthi ezilwaneni, ezitshalweni, nasemvelweni.

Ukuphazamiseka kokwelashwa kwe-Phage

Ama-bacteriophages awakasetshenziswa kabanzi. Lokhu kwelashwa kudinga ucwaningo olwengeziwe ukuthola ukuthi lusebenza kanjani kahle. Akwaziwa ukuthi ama-phages angalimaza abantu noma izilwane ngezindlela ezingahlobene nokuqondisa ubuthi.

Ngokwengeziwe, akwaziwa ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-phage kungadala ukuthi amabhaktheriya abe namandla kune-bacteriophage, okuholele ekumelaneni kwepagege.

Ububi bokwelashwa kwepagege kufaka okulandelayo:

• Ama-Phages okwamanje kunzima ukuwalungiselela ukusetshenziswa kubantu nasezilwaneni.
• Akwaziwa ukuthi iyiphi isilinganiso noma inani lamaphayiphu okufanele lisetshenziswe.
• Akwaziwa ukuthi ukwelashwa kwephage kungathatha isikhathi esingakanani ukusebenza.
• Kungaba nzima ukuthola i-phage ngqo edingekayo ukwelapha ukutheleleka.
• I-Phages ingadala ukuthi amasosha omzimba asabele ngokweqile noma abangele ukungalingani.
• Ezinye izinhlobo zamapayipi azisebenzi kanye nezinye izinhlobo zokwelapha ukutheleleka ngamagciwane.
• Kungenzeka zingabi khona izinhlobo ezanele zamaphayiphu ukwelapha konke ukutheleleka ngamagciwane.
• Amanye ama-phages angadala ukuthi amabhaktheriya angazweli.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Phage e-United States

Ukwelashwa kwe-Phage akukamukelwa kubantu base-United States noma eYurophu. Kube nokusetshenziswa kwepageji yokulinga ezimweni ezimbalwa ezingavamile kuphela.

Isizathu esisodwa salokhu ukuthi ama-antibiotic atholakala kalula futhi athathwa njengaphephe ukusetshenziswa. Kukhona ucwaningo oluqhubekayo lokuthi iyiphi indlela engcono yokusebenzisa ama-bacteriophages kubantu nasezilwaneni. Ukuphepha kokwelashwa kwephage kudinga nocwaningo oluningi.

Emkhakheni wokudla

Ukwelashwa kwe-Phage kuyasetshenziswa embonini yokudla, noma kunjalo. Ukuphathwa Kwezokudla Nezidakamizwa e-U.S. I-FDA ivume ezinye izingxube ze-phage ukusiza ukumisa amabhaktheriya ekukhuleni ekudleni. Ukwelashwa kwe-Phage ekudleni kuvimbela amabhaktheriya angadala ubuthi ekudleni, njenge:

• Salmonella
• IListeria
• E. coli
• Isifo sofuba iMycobacterium
• I-Campylobacter
• Pseudomonas

Ama-phages ayengezwa kokunye ukudla okusetshenzisiwe ukusiza ukuvimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane.

Okunye ukusetshenziswa kokwelashwa kwepagege okuvivinywayo kufaka ukufaka amabacteriophages kwimikhiqizo yokuhlanza ukubhubhisa amabhaktheriya ezindaweni. Lokhu kungaba lusizo ezibhedlela, ezindaweni zokudlela, nakwezinye izindawo.

Izimo ezingazuza ekwelashweni kwepagege

Ukwelashwa kwe-Phage kungabaluleka kakhulu ekwelapheni izifo ezingaphenduli kuma-antibiotics. Isibonelo, ingasetshenziselwa ukulwa nabanamandla I-Staphylococcus(staph) ukutheleleka kwamagciwane okubizwa nge-MRSA.

Kube khona amacala aphumelelayo okusetshenziswa kwe-phage therapy. Enye yaleyo ndaba yempumelelo yayihilela indoda eneminyaka engu-68 ubudala eSan Diego, eCalifornia, eyelashwa uhlobo oluthile lwamabhaktheriya olwalumelana nawo olubizwa ngokuthi I-Acinetobacter baumannii.

Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingaphezu kwezintathu zokuzama ama-antibiotic, odokotela bakhe bakwazi ukunqanda ukutheleleka ngama-bacteriophages.

Ukuthatha

Ukwelashwa kwe-Phage akuyona into entsha, kepha ukusetshenziswa kwayo kubantu nasezilwaneni nakho akucwaningiswanga kahle. Ucwaningo lwamanje namanye amacala aphumelelayo angasho ukuthi kungajwayeleka kakhulu. Njengoba ukwelashwa kwephage kubhekwa njengokuvikelekile futhi kuvunyelwe ukusetshenziswa embonini yezokudla, lokhu kungaba maduze impela.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Phage "imithi elwa namagciwane" yemvelo futhi kungaba yindlela enhle yokwelashwa ehlukile. Kungasiza futhi okunye ukusetshenziswa okunjengokubulala amagciwane okuhlinzwa nokuhlinzwa esibhedlela. Ucwaningo oluningi luyadingeka ngaphambi kokuba ukusetshenziswa kwalo kuvunyelwe abantu.