H influenzae meningitis

I-Meningitis ukutheleleka kolwelwesi olumboze ubuchopho nomgogodla. Le ngubo ibizwa ngokuthi ama-meninges.

Amagciwane ayilohlobo olulodwa lwegciwane elingadala i-meningitis. Haemophilus influenzae Uhlobo b luhlobo oluthile lwama-bacteria abangela i-meningitis.

H imikhuhlane meningitis kubangelwa Haemophilus influenzae thayipha b amagciwane. Lesi sifo asifani nomkhuhlane, obangelwa igciwane.

Ngaphambi komuthi wokugoma we-Hib, H imikhuhlane kwakuyimbangela ehamba phambili ye-bacterial meningitis ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-5. Njengoba umuthi wokugoma utholakala e-United States, lolu hlobo lwe-meningitis luvela kaningi ezinganeni.

H imikhuhlane meningitis kungenzeka ngemuva kokutheleleka okuphezulu kokuphefumula. Ukutheleleka kuvame ukusakazeka kusuka emaphashini nasemigwaqweni yomoya kuya egazini, bese kuya endaweni yobuchopho.

Izici zobungozi zifaka:

• Ukuya enkulisa
• Umdlavuza
• Ukutheleleka endlebeni (i-otitis media) nge H imikhuhlane ukutheleleka
• Ilungu lomndeni eline- H imikhuhlane ukutheleleka
• Umjaho Womdabu WaseMelika
• Ukukhulelwa
• Ukuguga
• Ukutheleleka kweSinus (sinusitis)
• Umphimbo obuhlungu (pharyngitis)
• Ukutheleleka okuphezulu okuphefumula
• Amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka

Izimpawu zivame ukufika ngokushesha, futhi zingafaka:

• Umkhuhlane namakhaza
• Izimo zengqondo ziyashintsha
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ukuzwela ekukhanyeni (photophobia)
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Intamo eqinile (meningismus)

Ezinye izimpawu ezingenzeka zifaka:

• Ukuyaluza
• Ama-fontanelles aqhamukayo ezinganeni
• Ukwehla kokuqonda
• Ukungondli kahle nokungacasuki ezinganeni
• Ukuphefumula ngokushesha
• Ukuma okungavamile, nekhanda nentamo kuguqulwe emuva (opisthotonos)

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba. Imibuzo izogxila kwizimpawu nokuvezwa okungenzeka kothile ongase abe nezimpawu ezifanayo, ezifana nentamo eqinile nomkhuhlane.

Uma udokotela ecabanga ukuthi i-meningitis kungenzeka, i-lumbar puncture (umpompi womgogodla) wenziwa ukuthatha isampula loketshezi lomgogodla (i-cerebrospinal fluid, noma i-CSF) ukuze ihlolwe.

Olunye uvivinyo olungenziwa lubandakanya:

• Isiko legazi
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• I-CT scan yekhanda
• Ibala le-Gram, amanye amabala akhethekile, namasiko e-CSF

Ama-antibiotic azonikezwa ngokushesha okukhulu. ICeftriaxone ingenye yama-antibiotic asetshenziswa kakhulu. I-Ampicillin kwesinye isikhathi ingasetshenziswa.

I-Corticosteroids ingasetshenziselwa ukulwa nokuvuvukala, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni.

Abantu abangagonyiwe abasondelene kakhulu nomuntu onaye H imikhuhlane i-meningitis kufanele inikezwe ama-antibiotic ukuvikela ukutheleleka. Abantu abanjalo bahlanganisa:

• Amalungu omndeni
• Abahlala ndawonye ezindlini zokulala
• Labo abasondelana kakhulu nomuntu onegciwane

I-Meningitis yisifo esiyingozi futhi singabulala. Lapho ilashwa ngokushesha, maningi amathuba okuba ilulame. Izingane ezincane nabantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 banengozi enkulu yokufa.

Izinkinga zesikhathi eside zingafaka:

• Ukulimala kobuchopho
• Ukwakhiwa koketshezi phakathi kogebhezi nobuchopho (ukungcola komhlaba)
• Ukwakhiwa koketshezi ngaphakathi kogebhezi okuholela ekuvuvukeni kobuchopho (i-hydrocephalus)
• Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa
• Ukuquleka

Shayela ku-911 noma inombolo ephuthumayo yendawo noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo uma usola i-meningitis enganeni encane enezimpawu ezilandelayo:

• Izinkinga zokondla
• Ukukhala okuphezulu
• Ukuthukuthela
• Umkhuhlane oqhubekayo, ongachazeki

I-meningitis ngokushesha ingaba isifo esongela impilo.

Izinsana nezingane ezincane zingavikelwa ngomuthi wokugoma we-Hib.

Vala oxhumana nabo emndenini ofanayo, esikoleni, noma enkulisa kufanele babhekelwe izimpawu zokuqala zesifo ngokushesha nje lapho kutholakala umuntu wokuqala. Wonke amalungu omndeni angagonyiwe kanye noxhumana nabo abasondele kulo muntu kufanele baqale ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotic ngokushesha okukhulu ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwesifo. Buza umhlinzeki wakho ngama-antibiotic ngesikhathi sokuvakasha kokuqala.

Njalo sebenzisa imikhuba emihle yenhlanzeko, njengokugeza izandla ngaphambi nangemva kokushintsha inabukeni, nangemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese.

H. influenzae meningitis; Umkhuhlane meningitis; Uhlobo lwe-Haemophilus influenzae uhlobo b meningitis

• Isistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi nesistimu yezinzwa ezungezayo
• Ukubalwa kwamaseli e-CSF
• Umzimba we-Haemophilus influenzae

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. I-meningitis yebhaktheriya. www.cdc.gov/meningitis/bacterial.html. Kubuyekezwe u-Agasti 6, 2019. Kufinyelelwe kuDisemba 1, 2020.

UNath A. Meningitis: ibhaktheriya, igciwane nokunye. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 384.

UHasbun R, uVan de Beek D, uBrouwer MC, uTunkel AR. I-meningitis enamandla. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 87.