I-Phenylalanine: Izinzuzo, Imiphumela emibi kanye Nemithombo Yokudla

-Delile

• Kuyini iPhenylalanine?
• Kubalulekile Ekusebenzeni Okujwayelekile Komzimba Wakho
• Kungase Kuzuze Ezimweni Ezithile Zokwelapha
• Okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo
• Ukudla okuphezulu ePhenylalanine
• Okusemqoka

I-Phenylalanine iyi-amino acid etholakala ekudleni okuningi futhi esetshenziswa ngumzimba wakho ukukhiqiza amaprotheni namanye ama-molecule abalulekile.

Kufundelwe imiphumela yayo ekucindezelekeni, ezinhlungwini nasekuphazamisekeni kwesikhumba.

Le ndatshana ikutshela konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana ne-phenylalanine, kufaka phakathi izinzuzo zayo, imiphumela emibi kanye nemithombo yokudla.

Kuyini iPhenylalanine?

I-Phenylalanine iyi-amino acid, okuyizakhi zokwakha amaprotheni emzimbeni wakho.

Le molekyuli ikhona ngezindlela ezimbili noma ngamalungiselelo: i-L-phenylalanine ne-D-phenylalanine. Zicishe zifane kodwa zinezakhiwo zamangqamuzana ezihluke kancane ().

Ifomu le-L litholakala ekudleni futhi lisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amaprotheni emzimbeni wakho, kanti ifomu le-D lingahle lisetshenziselwe ukusetshenziswa kuzinhlelo ezithile zezokwelapha (2, 3).

Umzimba wakho awukwazi ukukhiqiza i-L-phenylalanine eyanele ngokwawo, ngakho-ke kubhekwa njenge-amino acid ebalulekile okumele itholakale ngokudla kwakho (4).

Kutholakala ezinhlobonhlobo zokudla - kokubili imithombo yezitshalo neyezilwane ().

Ngaphezu kwendima yayo ekukhiqizeni amaprotheni, i-phenylalanine isetshenziselwa ukwenza amanye ama-molecule abalulekile emzimbeni wakho, amaningi awo athumela amasiginali phakathi kwezingxenye ezahlukahlukene zomzimba wakho ().

I-Phenylalanine ifundwe njengokwelashwa kwezimo eziningana zezokwelapha, kufaka phakathi ukuphazamiseka kwesikhumba, ukudangala nobuhlungu (3).

Kodwa-ke, kungaba yingozi kubantu abane-genetic disorder phenylketonuria (PKU) (7).

I-Phenylalanine iyi-amino acid ebalulekile esetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amaprotheni nokusayina ama-molecule. Kufundwe njengokwelashwa kwezimo eziningana zezokwelapha kepha kuyingozi kulabo abanenkinga ethile yofuzo.

Kubalulekile Ekusebenzeni Okujwayelekile Komzimba Wakho

Umzimba wakho udinga i-phenylalanine namanye ama-amino acid ukwenza amaprotheni.

Amaprotheni amaningi abalulekile atholakala ebuchosheni bakho, egazini, emisipheni, ezithweni zangaphakathi futhi cishe yonke indawo emzimbeni wakho.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-phenylalanine ibalulekile ekukhiqizeni amanye ama-molecule, kufaka phakathi (3):

• I-Tyrosine: Le amino acid ikhiqizwa ngqo kusuka ku-phenylalanine. Ingasetshenziselwa ukwenza amaprotheni amasha noma iguqulwe ibe amanye ama-molecule kulolu hlu (,).
• I-Epinephrine ne-norepinephrine: Uma uhlangabezana nengcindezi, la ma-molecule abalulekile empendulweni yomzimba wakho "yokulwa noma indiza" ().
• I-Dopamine: Le molekyuli ibandakanyeka emizweni yenjabulo ebuchosheni bakho, kanye nokwenza izinkumbulo namakhono okufunda ().

Izinkinga ngemisebenzi ejwayelekile yala ma-molecule zingadala imiphumela emibi yezempilo (,).

Njengoba i-phenylalanine isetshenziselwa ukwenza la ma-molecule emzimbeni wakho, ifundwe njengokwelashwa okungaba khona kwezimo ezithile, kufaka phakathi ukucindezeleka ().

I-Phenylalanine ingaguqulwa ibe yi-amino acid tyrosine, esetshenziselwe ukukhiqiza ama-molecule abalulekile okusayina. La ma-molecule ayabandakanyeka ezicini zokusebenza okujwayelekile komzimba wakho, kufaka phakathi izimpendulo zemizwelo yakho nezingcindezi.

Kungase Kuzuze Ezimweni Ezithile Zokwelapha

Ucwaningo oluningi luye lwahlola ukuthi ngabe i-phenylalanine ingaba lusizo yini ekwelapheni izimo ezithile zezokwelapha.

Olunye ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi lungasebenza ekwelapheni i-vitiligo, isifo sesikhumba esidala ukulahleka kombala wesikhumba kanye nebala ().

Olunye ucwaningo lubike ukuthi ukwengeza izengezo ze-phenylalanine ekuvezweni kokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet (UV) kungathuthukisa ukubala kwesikhumba kubantu abanalesi simo (,).

I-Phenylalanine ingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza i-molecule dopamine. Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-dopamine ebuchosheni kuhlotshaniswa nezinhlobo ezithile zokucindezeleka (,).

Isifundo esisodwa esincane sabantu abangu-12 sikhombise inzuzo engaba khona yenhlanganisela yezinhlobo ze-D- kanye ne-L zale-amino acid yokwelapha ukudangala, nge-2/3 yeziguli ezibonisa ukuthuthuka ().

Kodwa-ke, kukhona okunye ukwesekwa okuncane kwemiphumela ye-phenylalanine ekucindezelekeni, futhi izifundo eziningi azitholanga izinzuzo ezicacile (,,).

Ngaphezu kwe-vitiligo nokudangala, i-phenylalanine ifundelwe imiphumela engaba khona ku:

• Ubuhlungu: Uhlobo lwe-D lwe-phenylalanine lungaba nomthelela ekuphumuleni kobuhlungu kwezinye izimo, noma imiphumela yocwaningo ixubekile (2,,,).
• Ukuhoxiswa kotshwala: Ucwaningo oluncane lukhombisa ukuthi le-amino acid, kanye namanye ama-amino acid, kungasiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu zokuhoxiswa kotshwala ().
• Isifo sikaParkinson: Ubufakazi obunqunyelwe buphakamisa ukuthi i-phenylalanine ingaba lusizo ekwelapheni isifo sika-Parkinson, kepha kudingeka izifundo eziningi ().
• I-ADHD: Njengamanje, ucwaningo alukhombisi izinzuzo zale-amino acid ekwelapheni ukunakekelwa kokushoda kwengqondo (ADHD) (,).

I-Phenylalanine ingasiza ekwelapheni i-vitiligo yokugula kwesikhumba. Ubufakazi abunikeli ukusekelwa okuqinile kokusebenza kwale-amino acid ekwelapheni ezinye izimo, noma kwenziwe ucwaningo olulinganiselwe.

Okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo

I-Phenylalanine itholakala kokudla okuningi okuqukethe amaprotheni futhi "ngokuvamile ibonwa iphephile" yi-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (27).

Inani lale-amino acid etholakala ekudleni akufanele libeke engcupheni abantu abaphilile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphumela engemihle noma engemihle ngokuvamile ibonwa kumithamo yokwengeza ka-23-45 mg ngephawundi ngalinye (50-100 mg ngekg) yesisindo somzimba (,).

Kodwa-ke, kungahle kube ngcono kwabesifazane abakhulelwe ukugwema ukuthatha izithako ze-phenylalanine.

Ngokwengeziwe, kunokwehluka okuphawuleka kakhulu ekuphepheni okujwayelekile kwale-amino acid.

Abantu abane-amino acid metabolism disorder phenylketonuria (PKU) abakwazi ukucubungula kahle i-phenylalanine. Bangaba nokugxila kwe-phenylalanine egazini labo cishe izikhathi ezingama-400 eziphakeme kunalezo ezingenayo i-PKU (3, 7).

Lokhu kugxila okuyingozi kakhulu kungadala ukulimala kobuchopho nokukhubazeka kwengqondo, kanye nezinkinga ngokuthuthwa kwamanye ama-amino acid aye ebuchosheni (7,).

Ngenxa yobucayi balesi sifo, izingane zivame ukuhlolwa i-PKU ngemuva nje kokuzalwa.

Abantu abane-PKU babekwa ekudleni okukhethekile okunamaphrotheni, okuvame ukugcinwa impilo yonke (7).

I-Phenylalanine ithathwa njengephephile ngobuningi obutholakala ekudleni okujwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, abantu abanesifo i-phenylketonuria (PKU) abakwazi ukugaya le-amino acid futhi kufanele banciphise ukusetshenziswa ngenxa yemiphumela emibi yezempilo.

Ukudla okuphezulu ePhenylalanine

Ukudla okuningi kuqukethe i-phenylalanine, kufaka phakathi imikhiqizo yezitshalo neyezilwane.

Imikhiqizo yesoy ingenye yemithombo yezitshalo ehamba phambili yale-amino acid, kanye nembewu ethile namantongomane, kufaka phakathi ubhontshisi, imbewu yamathanga nembewu ye-squash ().

Izengezo zamaprotheni weSoy zinganikeza cishe ama-2.5 amagremu we-phenylalanine nge-200-calorie ekhonzayo (, 29).

Okwemikhiqizo yezilwane, amaqanda, ukudla kwasolwandle kanye nenyama ethile yimithombo emihle, enikela ngamagremu angama-2-3 ngama-calorie angama-200 (, 29).

Sekukonke, awudingi ukukhetha ngokukhethekile ukudla okususelwa kokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-phenylalanine.

Ukudla izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokudla okunothe amaprotheni usuku lonke kuzokunikeza yonke i-phenylalanine oyidingayo, kanye namanye ama-amino acid abalulekile.

Ukudla okuningi, kufaka phakathi imikhiqizo yesoya, amaqanda, ukudla kwasolwandle nenyama, kuqukethe i-phenylalanine. Ukudla izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokudla okunothe amaprotheni usuku lonke kuzokunikeza wonke ama-amino acid adingwa ngumzimba wakho, kufaka phakathi i-phenylalanine.

Okusemqoka

I-Phenylalanine iyi-amino acid ebalulekile etholakala kokudla kwezitshalo nezilwane.

Kungaba nezinzuzo nge-vitiligo yesikhumba, kepha ucwaningo ngemiphumela yalo ekucindezelekeni, ebuhlungwini noma kwezinye izimo lunqunyelwe.

Ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengokuphephile, kodwa abantu abane-phenylketonuria (PKU) bangathola imiphumela emibi eyingozi.