I-pneumonitis: kuyini, izinhlobo, izimpawu nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• Indlela yokwelapha

I-Hypersensitivity pneumonitis ifana nokuvuvukala kwamaphaphu ngenxa yokungezwani komzimba okubangelwa amagciwane, uthuli noma amakhemikhali, okuholela ekukhwehleleni, ekuphefumuleni kanzima nasemkhuhlane.

I-pneumonitis ingahlukaniswa ngokwesizathu sayo ngezinhlobo eziningana, njenge:

1. I-pneumonitis yamakhemikhali, imbangela yalokho ukuhogela uthuli, izinto ezinobuthi noma ezingcolisiwe nama-ejenti amakhemikhali asetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni izinto zenjoloba nezokupakisha, isibonelo;
2. I-pneumonitis ethathelwanayo, okubangelwa amagciwane amancane, njengesikhunta ngenxa yokuhogela isikhunta, noma amagciwane kanye neprotozoa;
3. I-lupus pneumonitis, okwenzeka ngenxa yezifo ezizimele, lolu hlobo lungajwayelekile;
4. I-pneumonitis yangaphakathi, esibizwa nangokuthi yiHamman-Rich Syndrome, okuyisifo esingajwayelekile esingaqondakali futhi esingaholela ekuphefumuleni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-pneumonitis ingabangelwa ukuhogela umoya ongcolile ngezinhlayiya ze-hay ezikhuntile, ukufakwa komoya ongcolile, izinsalela zikamoba, ukhokho okhuntile, ibhali noma imithombo ebunjiwe, isikhunta soshizi, igciwane likakolweni elinegciwane kanye nobhontshisi wekhofi ongcolile.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Izimpawu eziyinhloko zokuvuvukala kwamaphaphu yilezi:

• Khwehlela;
• Ukuphefumula okufishane;
• Imfiva;
• Ukwehla kwesisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu esisobala;
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula;
• Izinga lokuphefumula lenyukile, elaziwa njenge-tachypnea.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-pneumonitis kwenziwa ngokuhlolwa komtholampilo, ngaphezu kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa okuthile, njenge-X-ray yamaphaphu, ukuhlolwa kwelabhoratri okuhlola ukusebenza kwamaphaphu nokukalwa kwama-antibodies athile egazini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-lung biopsy ne-bronchoscopy ingacelwa ngudokotela ukucacisa ukungabaza nokuphetha ukuxilongwa. Thola ukuthi kwenzelwa ini nokuthi kwenziwa kanjani i-bronchoscopy.

Indlela yokwelapha

Ukwelashwa kwe-pneumonitis kuhlose ukunciphisa ukuvezwa komuntu kuma-causative agents alesi sifo, kuboniswe ukungabikho emsebenzini kwezinye izimo. Endabeni ye-pneumonitis ethathelwanayo, ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic, ama-antifungal noma ama-antiparasitic agents kungakhonjiswa ngokuya nge-agent ethelelekayo ehlukanisiwe.

Kwezinye izimo, lesi sifo siyaphola kungakapheli amahora, ngemuva kokuhamba kude nama-causative agents, yize ikhambi lizoza ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa. Kuyinsakavukela ukuthi, nangemuva kokwelashwa kwalesi sifo, isiguli sizizwa siphefumula kanzima lapho senza imizamo yomzimba, ngenxa ye-pulmonary fibrosis engakwazi ukuhlala.

Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, kungadingeka ukuthi lowo muntu angeniswe esibhedlela ukuze athole umoya-mpilo nemithi yokulawula ukusabela okweqile.