Amanani Okusinda Kwengane Yangaphambi Kwesikhathi

-Delile

• Izingane ezizalwa zinamasonto angama-24
• Isikhumba nemfudumalo
• Ukuphefumula
• Amehlo
• Ukuzwa
• Ezinye izindaba
• Izingane ezizalwa zinamasonto angama-26
• Izingane ezizalwa zinamasonto angama-28
• Izingane ezizalwa emasontweni angama-30 kuya kwangama-32
• Izingane ezizalwa zinamasonto angama-34 kuya kwangama-36
• Isifinyezo

Ngakho-ke, omncane wakho akakwazanga ukulinda ukujoyina umhlaba omkhulu, omkhulu futhi uthathe isinqumo sokungena kahle! Uma ingane yakho ingakafiki isikhathi, noma "preterm," basenkampanini enhle - mayelana nokuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi e-United States.

Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwenzeka okungenani amasonto amathathu ngaphambi kosuku lwakho olulinganiselwe lwamasonto angama-40 - ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwesonto lama-37 lokukhulelwa. Lokho kusho, "ngaphambi kwesikhathi" uhla.

Amabanga okuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi abizwa ngokuthi:

• ngaphambi kokuqala ngokweqile (ngaphambi kwamasonto angama-28)
• ngaphambi kwesikhathi (amasonto angama-28 kuye kwangama-32)
• Isikhathi sokuqala (amasonto angama-32 kuya kwangu-34)
• Ngaphambi kwesikhathi (amasonto angama-34 kuya kwangu-37)

Ungase futhi uzwe igama elithi "ukuzalwa okungenzeka," elibhekisela ekulethweni phakathi kwamasonto angama-20 kuya kwangu-26, ngokusho kwe-American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.

Ukuthi ingane yakho izalwe kusenesikhathi kangakanani kwenza umehluko ezinhlotsheni zokungenelela ezingazidinga. Lapho okuncane kusengaphambi kwesikhathi, kuyanda amathuba ezinye zezinkinga. Isonto ngalinye lokukhulelwa lenza umehluko emazingeni okusinda, uma kukhulunywa ngezingane ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Odokotela abazi njalo ukuthi kungani ingane izalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, futhi abakwazi ukuyivimba njalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo ngamazinga okusinda kwama-preemie lubanzi ngokwedlulele.

Imiphumela iyahlukahluka kakhulu ngokuya ngezwe, izici zomama, nesisindo sokuzalwa somntwana. Kepha qiniseka, izinga lokusinda kwezingane ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngaphandle kwezinkinga ze-neurodevelopmental bezilokhu zithuthuka kusukela ngonyaka ka-2000.

Izingane ezizalwa zinamasonto angama-24

Ingane ezalwe phakathi kwamasonto angama-20 nengama-26 kubhekwa njengokufanelekile, noma izalwe ngefasitela lapho umbungu unethuba lokuphila ngaphandle kwesibeletho. Lezi zingane zibizwa ngokuthi “yizitha ezincane.”

Ingane ezelwe ngaphambi Amaviki angama-24 anethuba elingaphansi kwamaphesenti angama-50 okusinda, kusho ochwepheshe e-University of Utah Health.

Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kwalokhu kokulethwa okungaphezu kwe-8,300 e-United States, izingane ezizalwayo e Amaviki angama-24 abe nethuba lokusinda elingamaphesenti angama-68. Ucwaningo lweqembu lowezi-2016 lokuzalwa okungaphezu kuka-6,000 luthole izinga lokusinda elingamaphesenti angama-60. (I-Utah Health ibhala inani lokusinda elingamaphesenti angama-60 kuye kwangama-70 kule minyaka yokukhulelwa.)

Ngokuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngokweqile, wena nengane yakho ningabhekana nezikhathi ezinzima (nokukhetha) ndawonye. Ngenhlanhla, ukuthuthuka kwezokwelapha kusho ukuthi nezingane ezincane kakhulu zingakhula futhi ziqine ezikhungweni zokunakekelwa kwezibhedlela ezisanda kuzalwa (NICU).

Cishe amaphesenti angama-40 ezingane ezizalwe emasontweni angama-24 zizoba nezinkinga zempilo, kusho i-Irish Neonatal Health Alliance. Ezinye zalezi zinkinga kungenzeka ngokushesha, noma ezinye zivele kamuva empilweni.

Izingozi zengane ezalwe ngalesi sikhathi zifaka izinkinga mayelana:

Isikhumba nemfudumalo

Incanyana yakho izodinga ukungena ku-incubator (njengesibeletho esithwalwayo) khona manjalo ukuzigcina zifudumele. Izingane ezizalwe kusenesikhathi kangaka azikabi nethuba lokukhulisa amafutha ansundu - uhlobo olungaphansi kwesikhumba olugcina ludla ubuthi. Isikhumba sabo sizoba mncane ngokwedlulele futhi sibucayi.

Ukuphefumula

Amaphaphu omntwana aphansi kanye nemigwaqo yomoya kumane nje kuyaqala ukukhula emasontweni angama-24. Ingane ezalwe ngalesi sikhathi izodinga usizo ukuze iphefumule. Lokhu kungasho ukuthi amashubhu amancane angena emakhaleni abo, njengoba ekhula ku-incubator.

Amehlo

Cishe emasontweni angama-24 esibelethweni, amehlo engane asavaliwe. Izinkophe namehlo azo akakakhuli ngokwanele ukuba awavule. Ingane yakho izodinga ukuthi ukotini othambile noma i-gauze iqoshwe emehlweni ayo ukuze ivikeleke ekukhanyeni njengoba ukubona kwayo kuqhubeka nokukhula.

Kwezinye izimo, iso lengane lingahle lingakhuli njengoba kufanele, okungaholela ezinkingeni zombono noma ngisho nasekungaboni.

Ukuzwa

Ngokumangazayo, ingane engakafiki isikhathi ngokweqile isivele inezindlebe ezakheke ngokuphelele. Ingane yakho ingaqala ukukuzwa cishe amasonto ayi-18 ukhulelwe! Kodwa-ke, izindlebe zezindlebe zomncane wakho zisabucayi kakhulu futhi ziyazwela emasontweni angama-24. Ezinye izingane ezizalwe kusenesikhathi zingaba nezinkinga zokuzwa noma zizwe ukungezwa.

Ezinye izindaba

Ezinye izingane ezingakashayi isikhathi eside zingaba nezinkinga ezithinta ubuchopho nohlelo lwezinzwa njengoba zikhula. Ezinye zazo zibucayi. Izinkinga zifaka ukukhubazeka kobuchopho, izinkinga zokufunda, nezinkinga zokuziphatha.

Izingane ezizalwa zinamasonto angama-26

Uma ingane yakho izalwa inamaviki angama-26, isabhekwa njenge "preterm ngokweqile." Kepha kuningi okungathuthukisa ingane ekhulayo emasontweni ambalwa nje okukhulelwa, kwandise amathuba okusinda.

Izingane ezizalwe emavikini angama-26 zitholakale zinezinga lokusinda elingamaphesenti angama-89 kokunye kanye namaphesenti angama-86 ocwaningweni lwamaqoqo e-2016.

Umehluko omkhulu obangela ukweqa kwezinga lokusinda emasontweni angama-26 uma kuqhathaniswa namasonto angama-24 ukukhula kwamaphaphu engane yakho. Cishe emavikini angama-26 yobudala bokukhulelwa, amaphaphu aphansi engane akhule futhi athuthukisa amasaka omoya amancane abizwa nge-alveoli.

Ingane yakho isazoba ncane kakhulu ukuba iphefumule yodwa, kepha amaphaphu ayo azokhula futhi aqine. Umncane wakho usazodinga ukuba semshinini wokufudumeza ukufudumala ngamashubhu okuphefumula okusiza ukuwageza nge-oxygen enikeza impilo.

Cishe amaphesenti angama-20 ezingane ezizalwe emavikini angama-26 zisengaba nezinkinga ezithile zempilo njengoba zikhula. Lokhu kungafaka izingqinamba nge:

• ebona
• ukuzwa
• ukufunda
• ukuqonda
• ukuziphatha
• amakhono omphakathi

Izingane ezizalwa emasontweni angama-26 nazo zingaba nezinkinga zenhliziyo.

Izingane ezizalwa zinamasonto angama-28

Ingane ezalwe ngemuva kwamasonto angama-28 ibhekwa “njengaphambi kokuzalwa” kodwa inekhanda elikhulu uma iqhathaniswa nezingane ezizalwe emasontweni amabili kuya kwamane edlule. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izitho zabo ezibalulekile - njengenhliziyo namaphaphu - sezithuthuke kakhulu.

Ngokusho kwe-University of Utah Health, izinga lokusinda kwengane yakho ngamaphesenti angama-80 kuye kwangama-90 emasontweni angama-28. Ezinye izifundo zomtholampilo zinemininingwane ethembisa kakhulu, ekhombisa amazinga okusinda ngamaphesenti angama-94 nakule minyaka.

Amaphesenti ayi-10 kuphela ezinsana ezizalwa emavikini angama-28 asengozini yezinkinga zesikhathi eside. Lokhu kungafaka:

• izinkinga zokuphefumula
• izifo
• izinkinga zokugaya ukudla
• izinkinga zegazi
• Izinkinga zezinso
• izinkinga zobuchopho nezesistimu njengokuquleka

Izingane ezizalwa emasontweni angama-30 kuya kwangama-32

Yeka umehluko owenziwa amasonto ambalwa esibelethweni! Izingane ezizalwa phakathi kwamasonto angama-30 nengama-32, ngenkathi zisacatshangwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, okungenani zinethuba lokusinda. Banobungozi obuphansi kakhulu bezinkinga zezempilo nentuthuko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Izingane ezizalwa zinamasonto angama-34 kuya kwangama-36

Uma ingane yakho izalwa inamaviki angama-34 kuya kwangama-36 isesigabeni esisha esibizwa nge- “late preterm.” Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwezingane ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi.Yiyo futhi enezingozi ezincane ngoba ingane yakho inesikhathi esithe xaxa sokukhula nokukhula ngaphakathi kuwe.

Eqinisweni - izindaba ezimnandi - umntwana wokuqala owazalwa enamasonto angama-34 kuya kwangama-36 unamathuba afanayo nasempilweni yesikhathi eside njengengane ezelwe isikhathi esigcwele.

Noma kunjalo, ingane yakho enamasonto angama-34 kuya kwangu-36 ubudala ingaba yincane futhi ibucayi kakhulu kunengane yamaviki angama-40 noma yesikhathi esigcwele. Udokotela wakho angancoma ukuthi bahlale ku-incubator esibhedlela isonto noma amabili, ukuze baphumule futhi bakhule kancane ngaphambi kokuya ekhaya.

Isifinyezo

Uma ingane yakho izalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kunezinto eziningana ezithinta izinga lokusinda kwazo nokuthi zizoba nempilo kangakanani njengoba zikhula. Isonto noma amabili ngaphezulu esibelethweni angenza umehluko omkhulu enganeni yakho.

Ukuthuthuka kwezokwelapha ekunakekeleni izingane ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi kusho imiphumela engcono, nokuthula kwengqondo okwengeziwe kubazali. Ngenkathi isonto ngalinye esibelethweni lizokunikeza isiqiniseko esithe xaxa, yazi ukuthi amathuba okusinda kwe-preemie akho ayanda minyaka yonke.