Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-PRK ne-LASIK?

-Delile

• Zisebenza kanjani lezi zinqubo?
• Kwenzekani ngesikhathi se-PRK?
• Kwenzekani ngesikhathi seLASIK?
• Kunjani ukululama?
• Ukubuyiselwa kwe-PRK
• Ukululama kwe-LASIK
• Ingabe inqubo eyodwa iphumelela kakhulu kunenye?
• Ziyini izingozi?
• Ubani umuntu ongenele ukhetho ngenqubo ngayinye?
• Yini izindleko?
• Yiziphi izinzuzo nezingozi ngalunye?
• Ngimthola kanjani umhlinzeki?
• Okubalulekile

I-PRK vs. LASIK

I-Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) kanye ne-laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) zombili izindlela zokuhlinzwa nge-laser ezisetshenziselwa ukusiza ukuthuthukisa ukubona. I-PRK ibilokhu ikhona isikhathi eside, kepha yomibili isasetshenziswa kabanzi namuhla.

I-PRK ne-LASIK zombili zisetshenziselwa ukuguqula i-cornea yeso lakho. I-cornea yakhiwe ngezingqimba ezinhlanu ezincanyana, nezicacile ezicubungula ngaphambili kweso lakho eligobayo (noma elikhanyayo) bese ligxila ekukhanyeni ukukusiza ukuthi ubone.

I-PRK ne-LASIK ngayinye zisebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene ukusiza ukulungisa umbono wakho ngokwakha kabusha izicubu ze-cornea.

Nge-PRK, udokotela ohlinzayo wamehlo wakho ususa ungqimba oluphezulu lwe-cornea, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-epithelium. Udokotela wakho ohlinzayo usebenzisa i-lasers ukubumba kabusha ezinye izingqimba ze-cornea bese elungisa noma yikuphi ukugobeka okungajwayelekile esweni lakho.

Nge-LASIK, udokotela ohlinzayo wamehlo wakho usebenzisa i-lasers noma i-blade encane ukudala i-flap encane ku-cornea yakho. Le flap iphakanyisiwe, futhi udokotela wakho ohlinzayo usebenzisa i-lasers ukwakha kabusha i-cornea. I-flap yehliselwa emuva emuva ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, futhi i-cornea iyazilungisa ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezizayo.

Noma iyiphi inqubo ingasetshenziswa ukusiza ukuxazulula izinkinga zamehlo ezihlobene ne:

• ukubona eduze (myopia): ukungakwazi ukubona izinto ezikude ngokucacile
• ukubona kude (hyperopia): ukungakwazi ukubona izinto eziseduze ngokucacile
• i-astigmatism: ukuma kwamehlo okungajwayelekile okubangela ukungaboni kahle

Funda kabanzi ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngokufana nokwehluka kwalezi zinqubo, nokuthi iyiphi engakulungela.

Zisebenza kanjani lezi zinqubo?

Lezi zinqubo ezimbili ziyefana ngoba zombili zakha izicubu ze-cornea ezingajwayelekile zisebenzisa ama-lasers noma ama-blade amancane.

Kepha ziyehluka ngezindlela ezithile ezibucayi:

• Ku-PRK, ingxenye yesendlalelo esiphezulu sezicubu ze-cornea iyasuswa.
• Ku-LASIK, i-flap idalelwa ukuvumela ukuvuleka kwezicubu ezingezansi, bese i-flap ivalwa futhi uma inqubo isiqedile.

Kwenzekani ngesikhathi se-PRK?

1. Unikezwa amaconsi endikindiki ukuze ungezwa buhlungu ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Ungathola nemithi ezokusiza uphumule.
2. Isendlalelo esiphezulu sezicubu ze-cornea, i-epithelium, sisuswe ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuthatha cishe imizuzwana engama-30.
3. Ithuluzi lokuhlinza eliqondile ngokwedlulele, elibizwa nge-excimer laser, lisetshenziselwa ukulungisa noma yikuphi ukungahambi kahle kwezingqimba zezicubu ezijulile. Lokhu futhi kuthatha imizuzwana engama-30-60.
4. Ibhandeshi elikhethekile elifana nelensi yokuxhumana lifakwa ngaphezulu kwe-cornea ukusiza izicubu ezingaphansi zilapheke.

Kwenzekani ngesikhathi seLASIK?

1. Unikezwa amaconsi ukuze ukhubaze izicubu zakho zamehlo.
2. I-flap encane isikwa ku-epithelium kusetshenziswa ithuluzi elibizwa nge-femtosecond laser. Lokhu kuvumela udokotela wakho ohlinzayo ukuthi ahambise lolu ungqimba ohlangothini ngenkathi ezinye izingqimba zakhiwa kabusha ngama-lasers. Ngenxa yokuthi ihlala inamathiselwe, i-epithelium ingabuyiselwa endaweni yayo ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, kunokuthi isuswe ngokuphelele njengoba kuyi-PRK.
3. I-laser ye-excimer isetshenziselwa ukubumba kabusha izicubu zomzimba futhi ilungise noma yiziphi izingqinamba ngokugobeka kwamehlo.
4. I-flap ku-epithelium ibuyiselwa endaweni yayo ngaphezu kwazo zonke izicubu ze-cornea ukuyivumela ukuthi iphulukise nezinye izicubu.

Kunjani ukululama?

Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa ngakunye, uzozwa ingcindezi noma ukungakhululeki okuncane. Ungaqaphela ezinye izinguquko kumbono wakho njengoba udokotela wakho ohlinzayo eguqula izicubu zamehlo. Kodwa ngeke ubuzwe ubuhlungu.

Ukuthola ngokugcwele nge-PRK kuzovame ukuthatha cishe inyanga noma ngaphezulu. Ukubuyiselwa okuvela ku-LASIK kuyashesha, futhi kufanele kuthathe kuphela izinsuku ezimbalwa ukubona kangcono, yize ukuphulukiswa okuphelele kuthatha izinyanga ezimbalwa.

Ukubuyiselwa kwe-PRK

Ukulandela i-PRK, uzoba nebhandishi elincane, elifana nokuxhumana phezu kweso lakho elingadala ukucasuka nokuzwela ekukhanyeni izinsuku ezimbalwa njengoba i-epithelium yakho iphola. Umbono wakho uzofiphala kancane kuze kususwe ibhandishi ngemuva kwesonto.

Udokotela wakho uzokunika amathonsi wamehlo okugcoba noma anezokwelapha ukusiza ukugcina iso lakho limanzi njengoba liphulukisa.Ungase futhi uthole eminye imithi yokusiza ekudambiseni izinhlungu nokungahambi kahle.

Umbono wakho uzoba ngcono ngokubonakalayo ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, kepha kungahle kube kubi kancane kuze kube yilapho iso lakho seliphola ngokuphelele. Udokotela wakho angakuyala ukuthi ungashayeli kuze kube umbono wakho ujwayelekile.

Inqubo yokuphulukisa ephelele ihlala cishe inyanga. Ukubona kwakho kuzoba ngcono kancane kancane usuku ngalunye, futhi uzobona udokotela wakho njalo ukuze ahlolwe kuze kube yilapho iso lakho selipholile ngokuphelele.

Ukululama kwe-LASIK

Mhlawumbe uzobona ngokucace bha ngemuva kwe-LASIK kunangaphambili, ngaphandle kwezingilazi noma oxhumana nabo. Ungahle ube nombono ophelele ngosuku olulandelayo ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kwakho.

Ngeke ubuzwe ubuhlungu obukhulu noma ukungaphatheki kahle njengoba iso lakho liphulukisa. Kwezinye izimo, ungazizwa uvutha emehlweni akho amahora ambalwa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, kepha akufanele kuhlale isikhathi eside.

Udokotela wakho uzokunika ukuthambisa kwamehlo noma okwelapha okwelapha ukuze unakekele noma yikuphi ukucasuka, okungahlala izinsuku ezimbalwa.

Kufanele ululame ngokuphelele ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kulandela inqubo yakho.

Ingabe inqubo eyodwa iphumelela kakhulu kunenye?

Zombili lezi zindlela zisebenza ngokulingana ekulungiseni unomphela umbono wakho. Umehluko omkhulu yisikhathi sokutakula.

I-LASIK ithatha izinsuku ezimbalwa noma ngaphansi ukubona kahle ngenkathi i-PRK ithatha cishe inyanga. Imiphumela yokugcina ngeke yehluke phakathi kwalokhu okubili uma inqubo yenziwa kahle ngudokotela ohlinzayo onelayisense, onolwazi.

Sekukonke, i-PRK ibhekwa njengephephile futhi esebenza ngempumelelo esikhathini eside ngoba ayishiyi i-flap ku-cornea yakho. I-flap eshiywe yi-LASIK ingaba ngaphansi komonakalo omkhulu noma izinkinga uma iso lakho lilimele.

Ziyini izingozi?

Zombili izinqubo zinezingozi ezithile.

I-LASIK ingathathwa njengeyingozi kancane ngenxa yesinyathelo esingeziwe esidingekayo sokwenza i-flap ku-cornea.

Izingozi ezingaba khona zalezi zinqubo zifaka:

• Ukoma kwamehlo. I-LASIK, ikakhulukazi, ingakwenza ukhiqize izinyembezi ezimbalwa izinyanga eziyisithupha ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Lokhu koma kwesinye isikhathi kungaba unomphela.
• Izinguquko ezibonakalayo noma ukuphazamiseka, kufaka phakathi ukukhanya okuvela ezikhanyisweni ezikhanyayo noma ukubonakaliswa kwezinto, ama-halos azungeze amalambu, noma ukubona okuphindwe kabili. Ungase futhi ungakwazi ukubona kahle ebusuku. Lokhu kuvame ukuphela ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa, kepha kungaba unomphela. Khuluma nodokotela wakho uma lezi zimpawu zingapheli cishe cishe inyanga.
• Ukulungiswa. Umbono wakho ungabonakala ungacaci kangako uma udokotela wakho ohlinzayo engazange asuse izicubu zomzimba ezanele, ikakhulukazi uma ukuhlinzwa kwenzelwa ukulungisa ukubona eduze. Uma unganelisekile ngemiphumela yakho, udokotela wakho angancoma ukuhlinzwa okulandelayo ukuze akuthole imiphumela oyifunayo.
• Ukuhlanekezelwa okubonakalayo. Udokotela wakho ohlinzayo angasusa izicubu eziningi ze-corneal kunesidingo, ezingadala ukuphazamiseka kumbono wakho owaziwa nge-ectasia. Lokhu kungenza i-cornea yakho ibuthakathaka kakhulu futhi yenze iso lakho likhulu kusuka ekucindezelekeni ngaphakathi kweso. I-Ectasia idinga ukuxazululwa ukuvimbela ukulahleka kombono okungenzeka kube khona.
• I-Astigmatism. Ukugoqeka kwamehlo akho kungashintsha uma izicubu ze-corneal zingasuswa ngokulinganayo. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ungadinga ukuhlinzwa okulandelwayo, noma udinga ukugqoka izibuko noma oxhumana nabo ukuze ulungise ngokuphelele umbono wakho.
• Izinkinga ze-LASIK flap. Izinkinga nge-flne corneal flap eyenziwe ngesikhathi se-LASIK zingaholela ekuthelelekeni noma ekukhiqizeni izinyembezi eziningi kakhulu. I-epithelium yakho nayo ingaphilisa ngokungajwayelekile ngaphansi kwe-flap, okuholele ekuphambukeni okubonakalayo noma ekungaphatheni kahle.
• Ukulahleka kombono unomphela. Njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo, kunengozi encane yokulimala noma izinkinga eziholela ekulahlekelweni okuyingxenye noma okuphelele kombono wakho. Umbono wakho ungabonakala unamafu kancane noma ufiphele kunakuqala, noma ngabe ubona kangcono.

Ubani umuntu ongenele ukhetho ngenqubo ngayinye?

Nazi izidingo eziyisisekelo zokufaneleka kokuhlinzwa ngakunye kwalokhu:

• uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-18
• umbono wakho awukashintshi ngokuphawulekayo ngonyaka odlule
• umbono wakho ungathuthukiswa okungenani ube ngu-20/40
• uma ubonela eduze, incwadi yakho kadokotela iphakathi kuka -1.00 no -12.00 diopter, isilinganiso samandla elensi
• awukhulelwe noma awuncelisi lapho uthola ukuhlinzwa
• usayizi womfundi wakho omaphakathi cishe amamilimitha ayi-6 (mm) lapho igumbi limnyama

Akuwona wonke umuntu ofanele ukuhlinzwa kokubili.

Nazi ezinye izimo ezingakwenza ungafaneleki kokunye noma kokunye:

• Unokungezwani komzimba okungalapheki okungathinta izinkophe zakho nokuphulukiswa kwamehlo.
• Unesimo esikhulu esithinta iso, njenge-glaucoma noma isifo sikashukela.
• Unesimo se-autoimmune esingathinta ukuphulukiswa kwakho, njenge-rheumatoid arthritis noma i-lupus.
• Unama-corneas amancane angahle angabi namandla ngokwanele ukuphatha noma iyiphi inqubo. Lokhu kuvame ukukwenza ungafaneleki nge-LASIK.
• Unabafundi abakhulu abandisa ubungozi bokuphazamiseka okubukwayo. Lokhu futhi kungakwenza ungafaneleki i-LASIK.
• Usuvele uhlinzwe iso esikhathini esedlule (i-LASIK noma i-PRK) kanti omunye angakhuphula ubungozi bezinkinga.

Yini izindleko?

Ngokuvamile, kokubili ukuhlinzwa kubiza cishe ama- $ 2,500- $ 5,000.

I-PRK ingahle ibize kakhulu kune-LASIK ngenxa yesidingo sokungena okuningi kokungena ngemuva kokukhipha ibhandishi futhi kuqaphe ukuphulukiswa kweso lakho phakathi nenyanga.

I-LASIK ne-PRK azivame ukumbozwa yizinhlelo zomshuwalense wezempilo ngoba zithathwa njengezikhethiwe.

Uma une-akhawunti yokonga impilo (i-HSA) noma i-akhawunti yokusebenzisa imali ngokuvumelana nezimo (FSA), ungakwazi ukusebenzisa enye yalezi zinketho ukusiza ukumboza izindleko. Lezi zinhlelo kwesinye isikhathi zinikezwa ngezinzuzo zezempilo ezixhaswe umqashi.

Yiziphi izinzuzo nezingozi ngalunye?

Nazi izinzuzo nezinkinga ezinkulu zalezi zinqubo ezimbili.

Ngimthola kanjani umhlinzeki?

Nawa amanye amathiphu wokuthi ungamthola kanjani umhlinzeki ongcono kakhulu ukwenza noma iyiphi inqubo, futhi eminye imibuzo okufanele uyibuze noma yimuphi umhlinzeki ongaba khona:

• Bheka abahlinzeki abaningi abaseduze kwakho. Bona ukuthi ulwazi lwabo, izindleko, izilinganiso zesiguli, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe, namazinga empumelelo ahlangana kanjani komunye nomunye. Abanye odokotela abahlinzayo banolwazi oluningi noma baqeqeshwe kangcono kunqubo eyodwa noma kwenye.
• Ungavumelani nenketho eshibhile. Ukulondolozwa kwemali kungeke kuvikele ingozi eyengeziwe kanye nezindleko zezinkinga zokuphila kwakho konke.
• Ungaweli izimangalo zokukhangisa. Ungakholelwa ukuthi kukhona odokotela abahlinzayo abathembisa imiphumela ethile noma iziqinisekiso, ngoba noma iyiphi inqubo yokuhlinzwa ayikaze iqinisekiswe ngamaphesenti ayi-100 ukukunikeza imiphumela oyifunayo. Futhi kuhlale kunamathuba amancane okuba nezinkinga ezingaphezu kwamandla kadokotela kunoma ikuphi ukuhlinzwa.
• Funda noma yiziphi izincwadi noma ukuyekelwa. Hlola ngokucophelela noma imiphi imiyalelo yangaphambi kokuhlinzwa noma amaphepha owanikezwe wona ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
• Qiniseka ukuthi wena nodokotela wakho ninamathemba angempela. Ungahle ungabi nombono we-20/20 ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, kepha kufanele ucacise ukuthuthuka okulindelekile kumbono wakho nodokotela wakho ohlinzayo ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe noma yimuphi umsebenzi.

Okubalulekile

I-LASIK ne-PRK zombili izinketho ezinhle zokuhlinzwa okulungiswayo okubukwayo.

Khuluma nodokotela wakho noma uchwepheshe wamehlo mayelana nokuthi iyiphi inketho engaba ngcono kuwe ngokuya ngemininingwane yempilo yeso lakho kanye nempilo yakho yonke.