Izifo ezibangelwa i-protozoa, izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izifo ezibangelwa i-protozoa
• 1. I-Toxoplasmosis
• 2. I-Leishmaniasis
• 3. iTrichomoniasis
• 4. Isifo se-Chagas
• 5. IGiardiasis
• 6. Amoebiasis
• 7. Umalaleveva

Ama-Protozoa ama-microorganisms alula, ngoba akhiwe yiseli elilodwa kuphela, futhi abhekene nezifo ezithathelwanayo ezingadluliselwa zisuka kumuntu ziye komunye, njengasendabeni yeTrichomoniasis, ngokwesibonelo, noma ngokulunywa noma ngokulunywa yizinambuzane, njengasesimweni seLeishmaniasis ne-Chagas Disease.

Izifo ezithwalwa ngama-Protozoan zingavinjelwa ngezinyathelo ezilula, njengokugeza izandla ngaphambi nangemva kokulungisa ukudla noma ukuxhumana nezilwane, ukusebenzisa amakhondomu ngesikhathi socansi nokugqoka amabhulukwe anemikhono emide ne-blouse noma okuxosha ezindaweni ezisengozini ye-malaria, ngokwesibonelo.

Izifo ezibangelwa i-protozoa

1. I-Toxoplasmosis

I-Toxoplasmosis yisifo esithathelwanayo esibangelwa yi-protozoan I-Toxoplasma gondii, enamakati njengomphathi wayo ocacile, nabantu njengomphathi wayo ophakathi. Ngakho-ke, abantu bangatheleleka ngaleli gciwane ngokufakwa kwama-cysts we I-Toxoplasma gondii ekhona enhlabathini, emanzini noma ekudleni, ukuthintana ngqo nendle yamakati angenwe yilesi sifo noma ngokudluliselwa komama nengane, okubizwa nangokuthi i-transplacental, okwenzeka lapho owesifazane okhulelwe ethola i-toxoplasmosis futhi engenzi ukwelashwa okufanele, kanti nesinambuzane singadlula i-placenta bese ithelela umntwana.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-Toxoplasmosis kwenziwa ikakhulukazi ngokuhlolwa kwe-immunological okukhombisa ukugxila kwama-antibodies ngokumelene ne-parasite ejikeleza egazini. Ngaphezu kokuhlolwa kwe-immunological, udokotela kufanele acabangele izimpawu ezivezwa yisiguli, yize izimpawu zivame ukufana nezinye izimuncagazi.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko: Isikhathi esiningi i-toxoplasmosis ayinasifo, kepha kwabesifazane abakhulelwe nakubantu abanamasosha omzimba afekethisiwe, izimpawu zingavela phakathi kwezinsuku ezi-5 kuye kwezingu-20 ngokwendlela yokutheleleka. Izimpawu eziyinhloko ezihlobene ne-Toxoplasmosis ukuvuvukala entanyeni, ikhanda, izindawo ezibomvu emzimbeni, umkhuhlane nobuhlungu bemisipha. Yazi ukuthi ungazibona kanjani izimpawu ze-toxoplasmosis.

Ukwelashwa kwenziwa kanjani: Ukwelashwa kweToxoplasmosis kwenziwa ngenhloso yokuqeda amagciwane emzimbeni, okuvame ukunconywa ngudokotela ukusetshenziswa kwemithi, njengePyrimethamine ehambisana neSulfadiazine. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, uma kutholakala ukuxilongwa kwe-toxoplasmosis, kubalulekile ukuthi ukwelashwa kwenziwe ngokushesha ukugwema ukukhubazeka kwengane kanye nezinkinga ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Qonda ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-toxoplasmosis kwenziwa kanjani.

2. I-Leishmaniasis

I-Leishmaniasis iyi-parasitosis ebangelwa i-protozoan yohlanga I-Leishmania okuthi, ngokusho kwezinhlobo ezibhekene nokutheleleka, kungadala izimpawu ezisukela komoya omnene ziye kwesinzima. Enye yezinhlobo ezitholakala kakhulu eBrazil yi I-Leishmania braziliensis, okuvame ukuhlobene nokubonakaliswa komtholampilo okungathi sína kakhulu.

Ukudluliswa kwezinhlobo ze I-Leishmania kwenzeka ngokulunywa yimpukane lohlobo I-Lutzomyia, edume ngokubizwa ngokuthi umiyane wotshani, oluma abantu, ngokwesibonelo, ufaka izimuncagazi esasisohlelweni lokugaya ukudla. Ngokuya ngezinhlobo nezimpawu ezethulwe yisiguli, i-leishmaniasis ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-leishmaniasis enqamule noma enqunyiwe, i-leishmaniasis ye-mucocutaneous ne-visceral leishmaniasis, ngayinye iveza izici ezithile. Bona ukuthi ungayibona kanjani i-Leishmaniasis ebonakalayo ne-cutaneous.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko: Endabeni ye-leishmaniasis enqunyiwe, izimpawu zokuqala zivame ukuvela phakathi kwamasonto amabili nezinyanga ezintathu ngemuva kokutheleleka yi-protozoan, ngokuvela kwesigaxa esisodwa noma ngaphezulu endaweni yokuluma engadlulela enxebeni elivulekile nelingenabuhlungu ngaphakathi kwezimbalwa amasonto.

Endabeni ye-leishmaniasis ye-mucocutaneous, izilonda zibucayi kakhulu futhi ziqhubeka ngokushesha ukuvula izilonda ezibandakanya ulwelwesi lwamafinyila kanye noqwanga, ikakhulukazi ikhala, umphimbo, nomlomo. Lokhu kulimala kungaholela ebunzimeni bokukhuluma, ukugwinya noma ukuphefumula, okungakhuphula ubungozi bokutheleleka futhi kuholele ekufeni, isibonelo.

Ngokwe-visceral leishmaniasis, ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimpawu zinokuziphendukela okungapheli futhi imvamisa kuba nomkhuhlane ojwayelekile, ubende obukhulisiwe nesibindi, i-anemia, ukwehla kwesisindo kanye ne-edema, futhi kufanele welashwe ngokushesha, ngoba abantu abanale hlobo lwe-leishmaniasis bangashintsha ngokushesha ku-cachexia futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukufa.

Ukwelashwa kwenziwa kanjani: Ukwelashwa kwe-leishmaniasis kwenziwa lapho izilonda zokuqala zikhulu kakhulu, ziphindaphindeka noma ziholele ezimpawu eziqeda amandla, kusetshenziswa ama-Pentavalent Antimonials, njenge-Amphotericin B, Pentamidine ne-Aminosidine, ngokwesibonelo, okufanele isetshenziswe ngokufanele. Nohlobo lwe leishmaniasis nokuqondiswa udokotela.

3. iTrichomoniasis

I-Trichomoniasis yisifo esithathelwanayo nesithathelwana ngocansi esidalwa yi-protozoan I-Trichomonas sp., ngokuba uhlobo oluvame ukutholakala I-Trichomonas vaginalis. Ukutheleleka ngaleli gciwane kungenzeka emadodeni nakwabesifazane, kubangele izimpawu ezifana nokutheleleka komchamo.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko: Kwabesifazane, izimpawu ze-trichomoniasis zithatha cishe izinsuku ezi-3 kuya kwezingu-20 ukuthi zivele, futhi kungahle kube nokukhishwa okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nephunga elinamandla, ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokuya ocansini, ubuhlungu lapho uchama kanye nesifiso esengeziwe sokuchama. Emadodeni, izimpawu eziyinhloko zicacile, zikhipha i-viscous futhi ziyingcosana futhi azizwa kahle lapho uchama. Funda ukuthi ungayibona kanjani iTrichomoniasis.

Ukwelashwa kwenziwa kanjani: Ukwelashwa kwe-Trichomoniasis kwenziwa ngokusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic ngokweseluleko sezokwelapha, okuvame ukukhonjiswa ukusetshenziswa kweTinidazole noma iMetronidazole, isibonelo. Kubalulekile ukuthi bobabili umuntu onegciwane kanye nomlingani wakhe bathole ukwelashwa i-trichomoniasis noma ngabe azikho izimpawu.

4. Isifo se-Chagas

Isifo i-Chagas, esaziwa nangokuthi yi-American trypanosomiasis, yisifo esithathelwanayo esidalwa yilesi sifo I-Trypanosoma cruzi. Lesi sifo sidluliswa ngokulunywa yisinambuzane esaziwa kakhulu njenge-barber, okuthi ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokuluma umuntu, sikhulule, sikhiphe lesi silwanyana, kuthi lapho umuntu eklwebha leyo ndawo, sigcine sisabalalisa i-protozoan futhi siyivumele ingene emzimbeni .

Yize ukulunywa kukamgundi kuyindlela ejwayelekile yokudluliswa kwamagciwane, isifo seChagas singatholwa ngokumpontshelwa igazi elinegciwane, ukusuka kumama kuye enganeni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma sokubeletha nangokudla ukudla okungcolisiwe ngumgundi noma indle yaso , ikakhulukazi umoba ne-açaí. Funda kabanzi ngesifo se-Chagas.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko: Izimpawu zesifo se-chagas ziyehluka ngokuya kokuzivikela komzimba womninikhaya, futhi zingahle zingabonakali, lapho i-parasite ihlala emzimbeni iminyaka ngaphandle kokubangela izimpawu, noma ibe nezimpawu ezihluka kusuka komoya kuya kokubi ngokwenani lama-parasites emzimbeni. namasosha omzimba omuntu.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko ezihlobene nesifo sikaChagas umkhuhlane, i-edema endaweni yokulunywa, isibindi esikhulisiwe kanye nobende, ukuvuvukala nobuhlungu kuma-lymph node kanye ne-malaise ejwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubandakanyeka kwenhliziyo kujwayelekile, okuholela enhliziyweni ekhulisiwe, nokuvuvukala kwamajwabu amehlo.

Ukwelashwa kwenziwa kanjani: Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikaChagas akukakacaci kahle, kepha kuvame ukukhonjiswa ukuthi iziguli ezineChagas ziphathwa ngokusetshenziswa kweNifurtimox neBenzonidazole.

5. IGiardiasis

IGiardiasis iyi-parasitosis ebangelwa yi-protozoan UGiardia lamblia, okuwukuphela kohlobo lwegciwane lohlobo IGiardia ekwazi ukuthelela nokudala izimpawu kubantu. Lesi sifo sivame kakhulu ezinganeni futhi singadluliselwa ngokungenisa ama-cysts we UGiardia lamblia ikhona emanzini angcolile, ukudla noma imvelo, ngaphezu kokuxhumana ngqo nabantu abangcolisiwe, le ndlela yokudlulisela ivamile ezindaweni lapho kunabantu abaningi futhi ingenazo izimo ezanele zenhlanzeko. Qonda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi iyini i-giardiasis nokuthi idluliselwa kanjani.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko: Izimpawu ze-giardiasis zivela emavikini awu-1 kuya kwayi-3 ngemuva kokuthintana ne-protozoan futhi ikakhulukazi amathumbu, anamajaqamba esiswini, ukukhiqizwa okwengeziwe kwamagesi emathumbu, ukugaya ukudla okungafanele, ukuncipha kwesisindo ngokungenhloso kanye nohudo olungaba mncane futhi luqhubeke noma lube nzima.

Ukwelashwa kwenziwa kanjani: Ukwelashwa kwe-giardiasis kufaka ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic kanye nemithi elwa nokuqalwa kwamagciwane, njenge-Metronidazole, iSecnidazole, i-Tinidazole noma i-Albendazole, okufanele isetshenziswe njengokuyalelwa ngudokotela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yesifo sohudo, kubalulekile ukuthi umuntu aphuze uketshezi oluningi ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukoma, okuvamile kulezi zimo.

Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, lapho isifo sohudo sinamandla futhi siphikelela, kuyanconywa ukuthi lowo muntu adluliselwe esikhungweni sezempilo esiseduze noma esibhedlela ukuze athole i-serum ngqo emthanjeni, ngalokho-ke, ukugwenywa kwamanzi kungagwenywa.

6. Amoebiasis

I-Amoebiasis yisifo esithathelwanayo esivame kakhulu ezinganeni, sibangelwa amagciwaneI-Entamoeba histolytica futhi kudluliswa ikakhulukazi ngokungeniswa kwama-cysts akhona emanzini noma ekudleni okungcoliswe indle. Lapho ama-cysts engena emzimbeni, ahlala ngaphakathi kodonga lomgudu wokugaya ukudla bese ekhipha izinhlobo ezisebenzayo ze-parasite, ezala futhi iye emathunjini omuntu, idale izimpawu zokugaya ukudla. Funda kabanzi mayelana ne-amebiasis.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko: THE I-Entamoeba histolytica ingahlala emzimbeni ngaphandle kokubangela izimpawu zeminyaka, kepha kuvame kakhulu ukuthi cishe emavikini ama-2 kuye kwayi-4 ngemuva kokutheleleka izimpawu ziqala ukuvela. Izimpawu eziyinhloko ezihlobene ne-amebiasis ukungakhululeki esiswini, isifo sohudo, isicanucanu, isicanucanu, ukukhathala ngokweqile nokuba khona kwegazi noma uketshezi esitokisini.

Ukwelashwa kwenziwa kanjani: Ukwelashwa kwe-amebiasis kulula futhi kufanele kwenziwe ngeMetronidazole ngokuyalelwa ngudokotela. Yize kulula ukwelapha i-parasitosis, kubalulekile ukuthi iqale ngokushesha lapho kuvela izimpawu zokuqala, kusukela I-Entamoeba histolytica iyakwazi ukwedlula udonga lwamathumbu futhi isabalale ngokuhamba kwegazi, ifinyelele kwezinye izitho futhi idale izimpawu ezinzima kakhulu.

7. Umalaleveva

Umalaleveva ubangelwa ukulunywa omiyane besifazane bohlobo Anopheles utheleleke ngamagciwane ohlobo I-Plasmodium spp. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamagciwane atholakala eBrazil yilezi I-Plasmodium malariae, IPlasmodium falciparum futhi I-Plasmodium vivax. Lesi silokazana, lapho singena emzimbeni, siya esibindini, lapho siphindaphindeka khona, bese sifinyelela egazini, sikwazi ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana egazi abomvu, isibonelo.

Yize kungavamile, ukudluliswa kwe-malaria kungenzeka futhi ngokumpontshelwa kwegazi elingcolile, ukwaba imijovo engcolisiwe noma izingozi elabhorethri.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko: Isikhathi sokufukamela umalaleveva, okuyisikhathi esiphakathi kokuthintana nomenzeli wesifo kanye nokuvela kwezimpawu zokuqala, kuyehluka ngohlobo lweprotozoan. Uma kwenzeka P. malariae, isikhathi sokufukamela siyizinsuku eziyi-18 kuye kwezingu-40, P. falciparum Izinsuku eziyi-9 kuya kwezingu-14 kanti P. vivax yizinsuku eziyi-12 kuya kwezingu-17.

Izimpawu zokuqala zikamalaleveva ziyefana nezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo, nokugula, ikhanda, ukukhathala nobuhlungu bemisipha. Lezi zimpawu zivame ukwandulela izimpawu zesifo sikamalaleveva, esivame ukuhlobana namandla esinambuzane sokungena kumaseli abomvu wegazi bese siwaqeda, njengomkhuhlane, ukujuluka, ukugodola, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukuphathwa ikhanda nobuthakathaka.

Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, ikakhulukazi lapho ukutheleleka kwenzeka ezinganeni, abesifazane abakhulelwe, abantu abadala abangavikeli umzimba kanye nabantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka, kungahle kube nokuquleka, i-jaundice, i-hypoglycemia kanye nezinguquko esimweni sokuqonda, ngokwesibonelo.

Ukwelashwa kwenziwa kanjani: Ukwelapha umalaleveva, udokotela uvame ukuncoma ukusetshenziswa kwemithi elwa nomalaleveva, enikezwa mahhala yi-SUS, ngokuya ngohlobo lwe IPlasmodium, ukuqina kwezimpawu, ubudala nesimo somzimba sokuzivikela komzimba womuntu. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kweChloroquine, Primaquine noma i-Artesunate neMefloquine, ngokwesibonelo, kunganconywa. Funda kabanzi mayelana nokwelashwa koMalaleveva.