Ukuqhuma kanye Nezimo Zesikhumba Ezihlotshaniswa ne-HIV ne-AIDS: Izimpawu nokuningi

-Delile

• Ukubuka konke
• Izigaba ze-HIV lapho isimo sesikhumba kungenzeka kakhulu senzeke
• Izithombe zemqubuko nezimo zesikhumba ezihambisana ne-HIV ne-AIDS
• Ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba
• I-Xerosis
• I-atopic dermatitis
• I-Seborrheic dermatitis
• I-Photodermatitis
• I-folliculitis ye-Eosinophillic
• Prurigo nodularis
• Izifo
• Ugcunsula
• I-Candidiasis
• I-Herpes zoster virus (ama-shingles)
• Igciwane le-Herpes simplex (HSV)
• I-Molluscum contagiosum
• I-leukoplakia enoboya bomlomo
• Izinsumpa
• Umdlavuza wesikhumba
• I-Carcinoma
• I-Melanoma
• I-Kaposi sarcoma (KS)
• Khuluma nomhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo
• Imiphumela emibi yezidakamizwa ze-HIV

Ukubuka konke

Lapho amasosha omzimba ebuthakathaka yi-HIV, kungaholela ezimeni zesikhumba ezidala ukuqubuka, izilonda nezilonda.

Izimo zesikhumba zingaba phakathi kwezimpawu zokuqala ze-HIV futhi zingaba khona ngesikhathi sesigaba sokuqala. Zingakhombisa nokuqhubekela phambili kwezifo, njengoba umdlavuza nokutheleleka kusizakala ngokungasebenzi komzimba ekuzivikeleni ezinyangeni ezizayo zesifo.

Cishe amaphesenti angama-90 abantu abane-HIV bazoba nesimo sesikhumba ngesikhathi sesifo sabo. Lezi zimo zesikhumba zivame ukuwela kwesinye sezigaba ezintathu:

• i-dermatitis yokuvuvukala, noma ukuqubuka kwesikhumba
• ukutheleleka nokutheleleka, kufaka phakathi amabhaktheriya, ukhunta, igciwane kanye nezidalwa eziyimifino
• umdlavuza wesikhumba

Njengomthetho ojwayelekile, izimo zesikhumba ezibangelwa i-HIV ziyathuthukiswa ngokwelashwa ngezidambisigciwane.

Izigaba ze-HIV lapho isimo sesikhumba kungenzeka kakhulu senzeke

I-HIV ivame ukudlula ezigabeni ezintathu:

Umuntu kungenzeka abhekane nezimo zesikhumba ngesikhathi sesigaba 1 nesigaba 3 se-HIV.

Ukutheleleka kwamafungal kuvame kakhulu lapho amasosha omzimba ebuthakathaka, esigabeni sesithathu. Ukutheleleka okuvela kulesi sigaba kuvame ukubizwa ngezifo ezingosomathuba.

Izithombe zemqubuko nezimo zesikhumba ezihambisana ne-HIV ne-AIDS

Ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba

I-dermatitis yisifo esivame kakhulu se-HIV. Ukwelashwa kuvame ukufaka okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kokulandelayo:

• ama-antihistamine
• imishanguzo yokuthithibalisa leli gciwane
• ama-steroids
• ama-topical moisturizers

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-dermatitis zifaka:

I-Xerosis

I-Xerosis wukoma kwesikhumba, okuvame ukubonakala njengokuluma, amabala ane-scaly ezingalweni nasemilenzeni. Lesi simo sivame ngokweqile, ngisho nakubantu abangenayo i-HIV. Kungabangelwa yisimo sezulu esomile noma esishisayo, ukuvezwa ngokweqile elangeni, noma imvula eshisayo.

I-Xerosis ingelashwa ngama-moisturizers kanye noshintsho lwendlela yokuphila, njengokugwema imvula ende noma eshisayo. Amacala abucayi angadinga amafutha okugcoba noma okhilimu.

I-atopic dermatitis

I-atopic dermatitis yisimo esingelapheki sokuvuvukala esivame ukudala ukuqubuka okubomvu, okune-scaly, nokunwaya. Ingabonakala ezingxenyeni eziningi zomzimba, kufaka phakathi:

• izinyawo
• amaqakala
• izandla
• izihlakala
• intamo
• izinkophe
• ngaphakathi kwamadolo nezindololwane

Ithinta abantu base-United States, futhi kubonakala sengathi kuvame kakhulu ezindaweni ezomile noma zasemadolobheni.

I-atopic dermatitis ingelashwa ngama-corticosteroid creams, okhilimu abalungisa isikhumba abaziwa njenge-calcineurin inhibitors, noma imishanguzo yokulwa nokulunywa. Ama-antibiotic angabelwa izifo. Kodwa-ke, ukuphindaphinda kuvamile kubantu abane-HIV.

I-Seborrheic dermatitis

I-Seborrheic dermatitis ithinta kakhulu ubuso nesikhumba, okuholela ekubomvu, esikalini nasebusweni. Lesi simo saziwa nangokuthi yi-seborrheic eczema.

Ngenkathi kwenzeka kumaphesenti angaba ngu-5 wabantu bonke, lesi simo sibonakala kumaphesenti angama-85 kuya kwangu-90 abantu abane-HIV.

Ukwelashwa kusiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu futhi imvamisa kunezindlela zokuxoxa ngezihloko ezifana nama-antidandruff shampoos nama-barrier ukulungisa okhilimu.

I-Photodermatitis

I-Photodermatitis yenzeka lapho imisebe ye-UV evela elangeni ibangela ukuqubuka, amabhamuza noma amabala omile esikhunjeni. Ngaphezu kokuqubuka kwesikhumba, umuntu one-photodermatitis angahle ezwe ubuhlungu, ikhanda, isicanucanu, noma umkhuhlane.

Lesi simo sivamile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ngezidambisigciwane, lapho amasosha omzimba eba namandla, kanye nangesikhathi sokuqina komzimba.

I-folliculitis ye-Eosinophillic

I-Eosinophillic folliculitis ibonakala ngokushaywa, izigaxa ezibomvu ezigxile kuzinwele zezinwele ekhanda nasenyameni ephezulu. Leli fomu le-dermatitis litholakala kaningi kubantu ezigabeni zakamuva ze-HIV.

Imithi yomlomo, okhilimu, nama-shampoo anemithi angasetshenziswa ukusiza ukuphatha izimpawu, kepha isimo ngokuvamile sinzima ukuselapha.

Prurigo nodularis

I-Prurigo nodularis yisimo lapho izigaxa esikhunjeni zibangela ukulunywa nokubukeka okufana nokhoko. Ivela kakhulu emilenzeni nasezingalweni.

Lolu hlobo lwe-dermatitis luthinta abantu abanamasosha omzimba abucayi kakhulu. Ukulunywa kungaba nzima kakhulu kangangokuba ukuklwebha okuphindaphindiwe kubangela ukopha, amanxeba avulekile, nokutheleleka okuqhubekayo.

I-Prurigo nodularis ingelashwa ngama-steroid okhilimu noma ama-antihistamine. Ezimweni ezinzima, umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angancoma i-cryotherapy (iqhwa izigaxa). Ama-antibiotic nawo angabekwa ezifweni ezibangelwa ukunwaya okukhulu.

I-Photodermatitis ivame kakhulu kubantu bebala. Abantu bebala nabo banamathuba amaningi okuthuthukisa i-prurigo nodularis.

Izifo

Izifo eziningi ezibangelwa amagciwane, ukhunta, igciwane kanye nezimuncagazi zithinta abantu abane-HIV. Izifo ezibikwa kakhulu zifaka:

Ugcunsula

Ugcunsula lubangelwa yigciwane I-Treponema pallidum. Kuholela ezilondeni ezingenabuhlungu, noma ekushiseni, esithweni sangasese noma ngaphakathi emlonyeni. Isigaba sesibili sogcunsula sibuye siphume nomphimbo obuhlungu, ama-lymph node avuvukele, nokuqubuka. Ukuqhuma ngeke kulume futhi kuvame ukuvela ezintendeni noma ematheni.

Umuntu angathola kuphela i-syphilis ngokuxhumana ngqo, njengokuxhumana ngocansi, nezilonda ze-syphilitic. Ugcunsula uvame ukwelashwa ngomjovo we-penicillin. Endabeni yokungezwani komzimba ne-penicillin, kuzosetshenziswa elinye i-antibiotic.

Ngenxa yokuthi ugcunsula negciwane lesandulela ngculaza kuhlanganyela ebungozini obufanayo, abantu abathola ukuxilongwa ngogcunsula nabo bangase bafune ukucubungula ukuhlolwa kokuhlolelwa i-HIV.

I-Candidiasis

I-HIV ingaholela ku-thrush yomlomo, uhlobo lokutheleleka kwesikhumba okubangelwa ukhunta I-Candida albicans (C. albicans). Lokhu ukutheleleka okuphindayo kubangela imifantu ebuhlungu emakhoneni omlomo (eyaziwa njenge-angular cheilitis) noma ungqimba omhlophe obukhulu olimini.

Kwenzeka ngokubalwa kwamaseli we-CD4 aphansi. Indlela yokwelashwa ekhethwayo ukwelashwa ngezidambisigciwane nokwanda kwesibalo se-CD4.

Ezinye izifo zokukhunta ezibonakala kubantu abane-HIV zifaka:

• izifo ezithathelwanayo, ezitholakala emaphethweni esikhumba esimanzi njenge-groin noma i-armpit; ziholela ezinhlungwini nasekubomvu
• ukutheleleka ngezipikili, okungadala izinzipho ezijiyile
• izifo ezinyaweni ezindaweni ezizungeze izipikili, ezingadala ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala
• imvubelo yesitho sangasese sowesifazane izifo

Kunemithi ehlukahlukene yokubulala ungasetshenziswa ukwelapha lezi zifo.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha i-thrush zibandakanya ukuhlanza ngomlomo nama-lozenges omlomo. Ukutheleleka kwemvubelo yesitho sangasese sangasese nakho kungaphathwa ngamakhambi ahlukile afana ne-boric acid kanye no-oyela wetiye. Uwoyela womuthi wetiye uyikhambi elidumile lefungus futhi.

I-Herpes zoster virus (ama-shingles)

I-Herpes zoster virus yaziwa nangokuthi i-shingles. Kubangelwa igciwane le-varicella-zoster, igciwane eliyimbangela efanayo nenkukhu. Ama-shingles angaholela ekuqhamukeni kwesikhumba okubuhlungu namabhamuza avele. Kungabonakala lapho umuntu esezigabeni zokuqala noma zamuva ze-HIV.

Umuntu okutholakala ukuthi une-shingles angafuna ukucubungula ukuhlolwa kokuhlolelwa i-HIV uma isimo sakhe se-HIV singaziwa. Ama-shingles ajwayelekile futhi anzima kakhulu kubantu abaphila ne-HIV, ikakhulukazi labo abanezinhlobo ezisezingeni eliphakeme ze-HIV.

Ukwelashwa kuvame ukufaka imishanguzo yemithi elwa namagciwane. Kodwa-ke, ubuhlungu obuhlobene nezilonda bungaqhubeka isikhathi eside ngemuva kokuphulukiswa kwezilonda.

Abantu abasengozini enkulu yamashingles bangafuna ukuxoxa ngomuthi wokugoma nomhlinzeki wabo wezokwelapha. Njengoba ingozi yamashingles inyuka ngokukhula, umuthi wokugoma uphinde unconywe kakhulu kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-50.

Igciwane le-Herpes simplex (HSV)

I-herpes simplex virus engapheli futhi ephikelelayo (i-HSV) yisimo esichaza ingculaza. Ukuba khona kwayo kukhombisa ukuthi umuntu usefinyelele kulesi sigaba esithuthuke kakhulu se-HIV.

I-HSV idala izilonda ezibandayo emlonyeni nasebusweni kanye nezilonda ezithweni zangasese. Izilonda ezivela ku-HSV zinzima kakhulu futhi ziyaqhubeka kubantu abane-HIV esezingeni eliphezulu, engalashwa.

Ukwelashwa kunganikezwa ngezikhathi ezithile - njengoba kwenzeka ukuqubuka - noma nsuku zonke. Ukwelashwa kwansuku zonke kwaziwa ngokuthi ukwelashwa okucindezelayo.

I-Molluscum contagiosum

I-Molluscum contagiosum ibonakala ngamaqhubu abomvana noma anombala wenyama esikhunjeni. Leli gciwane lesikhumba elithelelana kakhulu livame ukuthinta abantu abane-HIV. Ukwelashwa okuphindaphindayo kungadingeka ukukhipha ngokuphelele umzimba wala maqhubu angafuneki.

Amabhamu abangelwa yi-molluscum contagiosum ngokuvamile awanabuhlungu futhi athanda ukuvela ku:

• ubuso
• umzimba ophezulu
• izingalo
• imilenze

Isimo singaba khona kunoma yisiphi isigaba se-HIV, kepha ukukhula okusheshayo nokusabalala kwe-molluscum contagiosum kuyimpawu yokuqhubeka kwesifo. Kuvame ukubonakala lapho isibalo se-CD4 sicwila ngaphansi kwamaseli angama-200 nge-mm3 (okuyilona futhi iphuzu lapho umuntu ezotholakala ene-AIDS).

I-Molluscum contagiosum ayibangeli noma yiziphi izinkinga ezibalulekile zezokwelapha, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa ngokuyinhloko kuyisimonyo. Izinketho zokwelashwa zamanje zifaka ukubanda amaqhubu nge-nitrogen engamanzi, amafutha okugcoba, nokususwa kwe-laser.

I-leukoplakia enoboya bomlomo

I-leukoplakia enoboya bomlomo ukutheleleka okuhambisana negciwane le-Epstein-Barr (EBV). Uma umuntu enza izinkontileka nge-EBV, izohlala emzimbeni wakhe impilo yakhe yonke. Igciwane livame ukulala, kepha lingavuselelwa uma amasosha omzimba entengantenga (njengoba enjalo kwi-HIV).

Kubonakala ngezilonda ezijiyile, ezimhlophe olimini futhi kungenzeka kubangelwe ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi noma ukubhema.

I-leukoplakia enoboya bomlomo ngokuvamile ayibuhlungu futhi iyaxazululeka ngaphandle kokwelashwa.

Yize ukwelashwa okuqondile kwezilonda kungadingeki, abantu abane-HIV bangabheka ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo kwama-antiretroviral kungakhathalekile. Izothuthukisa amasosha omzimba, angasiza ne-EBV ukuthi ingasebenzi.

Izinsumpa

Izinsumpa iziqu ezingxenyeni eziphezulu zesikhumba noma ulwelwesi lwamafinyila. Zibangelwa i-human papillomavirus (HPV).

Imvamisa zifana namaqhubu anamachashazi amnyama kuwo (aziwa njengembewu). Lezi zinhlamvu zivame ukutholakala ngemuva kwezandla, ekhaleni, noma phansi kwezinyawo.

Izinsumpa zangasese, nokho, zivame ukuba mnyama noma zibe nombala wenyama, ezineziqongqo ezibukeka njengekholifulawa. Zingavela emathangeni, emlonyeni, nasemphinjeni kanye nasendaweni yesitho sangasese.

Abantu abane-HIV basengcupheni eyandayo ye-HPV yangasese neyomlomo wesibeletho, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi bangenwe kaningi kaningi i-anal sibele kanye nomlomo wesibeletho.

Izinsumpa zingelashwa ngezinqubo ezimbalwa, kufaka phakathi ukubanda noma ukukhipha ngokuhlinzwa okuncane. Kodwa-ke, i-HIV yenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuthi amasosha omzimba asuse izinsumpa futhi azivimbele ngokuzayo.

Abantu abane-HIV nabangenayo i-HIV ngokufanayo banganciphisa ubungozi babo bezinsumpa ngokobulili ngokuthola umuthi wokugoma we-HPV. Umuthi wokugoma unikezwa kuphela abantu abaneminyaka engama-26 nangaphansi.

Umdlavuza wesikhumba

I-HIV yandisa ingozi yomuntu ezinhlotsheni ezithile zomdlavuza, kufaka phakathi ezimbalwa ezithinta isikhumba.

I-Carcinoma

Abantu abane-HIV bangaba sethubeni elingaphezu kwenani labantu ukuthuthukisa i-basal cell carcinoma (BCC) ne-squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). I-BCC ne-SCC yizinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza wesikhumba e-United States. Kodwa-ke, akuvamile ukuthi zisongele impilo.

Zombili lezi zimo zihlotshaniswa nokuvezwa yilanga okwedlule futhi zivame ukuthinta ikhanda, intamo nezingalo.

Umuntu waseDenmark ophila negciwane lesandulela ngculaza uthole amanani akhuphukile e-BCC emadodeni ane-HIV alala namadoda (MSM). Kukhuphuke namanani we-SCC kubantu abanezibalo eziphansi ze-CD4.

Ukwelashwa kuqukethe ukuhlinzwa ukususa iziqu zesikhumba. I-Cryosurgery nayo ingenziwa.

I-Melanoma

I-Melanoma iyindlela engajwayelekile kodwa engabulala umdlavuza wesikhumba. Imvamisa kubangela ama-moles angalingani, anemibala, noma makhulu ngokwanele. Ukubukeka kwala ma-moles kungashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. I-Melanoma ingadala namabhande e-pigmentation ngaphansi kwezipikili.

I-Melanoma ingaba nolaka kakhulu kubantu abaphila ne-HIV, ikakhulukazi labo abanebala elikhanyayo.

Njenge-carcinomas, i-melanoma nayo iyelashwa ngokuhlinzwa ukuze isuse ukukhula noma i-cryosurgery.

I-Kaposi sarcoma (KS)

I-Kaposi sarcoma (KS) uhlobo lomdlavuza oluthinta ulwelwesi lwemithambo yegazi. Kubonakala njengezilonda zesikhumba esinsundu, nsomi, noma ngokubomvu. Le ndlela yomdlavuza ingathinta amaphaphu, umgudu wokugaya ukudla, nesibindi.

Kungadala ukuphefumula okuncane, ubunzima bokuphefumula, nokuvuvukala kwesikhumba.

Lezi zilonda zivame ukuvela lapho isibalo segazi elimhlophe (WBC) sehla kakhulu. Ukuvela kwazo kaningi kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi i-HIV isiphenduke ingculazi, nokuthi amasosha omzimba asekhubazekile kakhulu.

I-KS iphendula ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, imisebe nokuhlinzwa. Imishanguzo ye-antiretroviral ilinciphise kakhulu inani lamacala amasha we-KS kubantu abane-HIV kanye nobucayi bamacala akhona e-KS.

Khuluma nomhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo

Uma umuntu ene-HIV, mhlawumbe uzohlangabezana nesisodwa noma eziningi zalezi zimo zesikhumba nokuqubuka.

Kodwa-ke, ukutholakala kusaqala kwe-HIV, ukuqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha ngemuva kwalokho, nokunamathela ohlelweni lokwelashwa kuzosiza abantu ukuthi bagweme izimpawu ezinzima kakhulu. Khumbula ukuthi izimo eziningi zesikhumba ezihambisana ne-HIV zizothuthuka ngemithi yokwelashwa ngezidambisigciwane.

Imiphumela emibi yezidakamizwa ze-HIV

Eminye imishanguzo ejwayelekile ye-HIV nayo ingadala ukuqubuka, kufaka phakathi:

• i-non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (i-NNRTIs), efana ne-efavirenz (Sustiva) noma i-rilpivirine (i-Edurant)
• i-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (i-NRTIs), efana ne-abacavir (i-Ziagen)
• protease inhibitors, njenge-ritonavir (Norvir) ne-atazanavir (Reyataz)

Ngokuya ngemvelo yabo kanye namandla amasosha abo omzimba, umuntu angaba nezimo ezingaphezu kwesisodwa ngasikhathi sinye. Ukwelashwa kungadinga ukubhekana nabo ngazodwana noma bonke ngasikhathi sinye.

Uma kukhona ukuqubuka esikhumbeni, cabanga ngokuxoxa ngezimpawu nomhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Bazohlola uhlobo lokuqubuka, bacabangele imishanguzo yamanje, futhi banikeze uhlelo lokwelashwa ukudambisa izimpawu.

Funda le ndatshana ngeSpanishi.