Umdlavuza Wesifo Sezinso

-Delile

• Yini ebangela i-renal cell carcinoma?
• Izimpawu ze-renal cell carcinoma
• Ihlonza kanjani i-renal cell carcinoma?
• Ukwelashwa kwe-renal cell carcinoma
• I-Outlook ngemuva kokuxilongwa kwe-RCC

Yini i-renal cell carcinoma?

I-Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) ibizwa nangokuthi i-hypernephroma, i-renal adenocarcinoma, noma umdlavuza wezinso noma wezinso. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wezinso otholakala kubantu abadala.

Izinso yizitho ezisemzimbeni wakho ezisiza ukuqeda imfucuza ngenkathi zilawula nokulingana kuketshezi. Kunamashubhu amancane ezinso abizwa ngokuthi ama-tubules. Lokhu kusiza ukuhlunga igazi, kusize ekukhipheni imfucuza, futhi kusize ekwenzeni umchamo. I-RCC yenzeka lapho amangqamuzana omdlavuza eqala ukukhula ngokungalawuleki emgqeni wamatubules ezinso.

I-RCC ingumdlavuza okhula ngokushesha futhi uvame ukusabalala emaphashini nasezilwaneni ezizungezile.

Yini ebangela i-renal cell carcinoma?

Ochwepheshe bezokwelapha abazi imbangela ngqo ye-RCC. Kutholakala kakhulu kwabesilisa abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-50 nengama-70 kodwa kungatholakala kunoma ngubani.

Kunezici ezithile eziyingozi zalesi sifo, kufaka phakathi:

• umlando womndeni we-RCC
• ukwelashwa nge-dialysis
• umfutho wegazi ophezulu
• ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
• ukubhema osikilidi
• isifo sezinso se-polycystic (isifo esizuzwe njengefa esibangela ukuthi ama-cysts akheke ezinso)
• isimo sezofuzo i-Von Hippel-Lindau isifo (esibonakala ngama-cysts nezicubu ezithweni ezahlukahlukene)
• ukuhlukunyezwa okungapheli kwemithi ethile enqunyiwe nangaphezulu kwamaphilisi afana nezidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala ezisetshenziswa ekwelapheni isifo samathambo, kanye nemithi yomkhuhlane nokuphumula kobuhlungu njenge-acetaminophen

Izimpawu ze-renal cell carcinoma

Lapho i-RCC isesezigabeni zayo zokuqala, iziguli kungenzeka zingabi nazimpawu. Njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, izimpawu zingafaka:

• isigaxa esiswini
• igazi emchameni
• ukuncipha kwesisindo okungaqondakali
• ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla
• ukukhathala
• izinkinga zokubona
• ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo ohlangothini
• ukukhula ngokweqile kwezinwele (kwabesifazane)

Ihlonza kanjani i-renal cell carcinoma?

Uma udokotela wakho esola ukuthi ungaba ne-RCC, bazokubuza ngomlando wakho wezempilo womuntu siqu nowomndeni. Bese bezokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba. Okutholakele okungakhombisa i-RCC kufaka phakathi ukuvuvukala noma izigaxa esiswini, noma, emadodeni, imithambo ekhulisiwe esikhwameni se-scrotal (varicocele).

Uma kusolwa i-RCC, udokotela wakho uzo-oda izivivinyo eziningi ukuthola ukuxilongwa okunembile. Lokhu kungafaka:

• ukubala okuphelele kwegazi - ukuhlolwa kwegazi okwenziwe ngokudonsa igazi engalweni yakho bese ulithumela ebhodini ukuze lihlolwe
• Iskena se-CT - ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging okuvumela udokotela wakho ukuthi abhekisise izinso zakho ukuthola noma ikuphi ukukhula okungavamile
• isisu kanye nezinso ze-ultrasound - isivivinyo esisebenzisa amagagasi omsindo ukwakha isithombe sezitho zakho, okuvumela udokotela wakho ukuthi abheke izicubu nezinkinga ngaphakathi kwesisu
• ukuhlolwa komchamo - izivivinyo ezisetshenziselwa ukuthola igazi emchameni nokuhlaziya amaseli emchameni efuna ubufakazi bomdlavuza
• i-biopsy - ukususwa kocezu oluncane lwezicubu zezinso, olwenziwe ngokufaka inaliti kulesimila bese kukhishwa isampula lezicubu, bese kuthunyelwa elabhoratri yokugula ukuze kukhishwe noma kuqinisekiswe ukuba khona komdlavuza

Uma kutholakala ukuthi une-RCC, kuzokwenziwa ezinye izivivinyo ukuthola ukuthi umdlavuza usabalale futhi kuphi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi isiteji. I-RCC ihlelwe kusuka esigabeni 1 kuya esigabeni 4, ngokulandelana kobunzima obukhuphukayo. Ukuhlolwa kwesiteji kungafaka ukuskena kwethambo, ukuskena kwe-PET, ne-X-ray yesifuba.

Cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zabantu abane-RCC banomdlavuza osakazeke ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa.

Ukwelashwa kwe-renal cell carcinoma

Kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu zokwelashwa okujwayelekile kwe-RCC. Kungasetshenziswa eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ukwelapha umdlavuza wakho.

1. Ukuhlinzwa ingafaka izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinqubo. Ngesikhathi se-nephrectomy engaphelele, ingxenye yezinso iyasuswa. Ngesikhathi se-nephrectomy, izinso zonke zingasuswa. Kuncike ekutheni isifo sesisabalale kangakanani, kungadingeka ukuhlinzeka kabanzi ukuze kususwe izicubu ezizungezile, ama-lymph node kanye ne-adrenal gland. Le nephrectomy enkulu. Uma zombili izinso zisusiwe, i-dialysis noma ukufakelwa kuyadingeka.
2. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kuhilela ukusebenzisa i-X-ray enamandla amakhulu ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Imisebe inganikezwa ngaphandle ngumshini noma ibekwe ngaphakathi kusetshenziswa imbewu noma izintambo.
3. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali isebenzisa izidakamizwa ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Inganikezwa ngomlomo noma ngemithambo yegazi, kuya ngokuthi imuphi umuthi okhethiwe. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi izidakamizwa zingene egazini futhi zifinyelele kumaseli omdlavuza okungenzeka asabalalele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
4. Ukwelashwa kwe-Biologic, ebizwa nangokuthi i-immunotherapy, isebenza namasosha akho omzimba ukuhlasela umdlavuza. Ama-enzyme noma izinto ezenziwe ngumzimba zisetshenziselwa ukuvikela umzimba wakho kumdlavuza.
5. Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe uhlobo olusha lokwelashwa komdlavuza. Izidakamizwa zisetshenziselwa ukuhlasela amangqamuzana athile omdlavuza ngaphandle kokulimaza amaseli anempilo. Eminye imishanguzo isebenza emithanjeni yegazi ukuvimbela ukugeleza kwegazi liye kulesimila, "kulambe" bese kuyancipha.

Ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo kungenye indlela yeziguli ezithile ezine-RCC. Ukuhlolwa komtholampilo kuvivinya ukwelashwa okusha ukubona ukuthi kuyasebenza yini ekwelapheni lesi sifo. Ngesikhathi sokuqulwa kwecala, uzobhekwa kakhulu, futhi ungashiya isivivinyo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Khuluma nethimba lakho lokwelashwa ukuze ubone ukuthi isivivinyo somtholampilo siyindlela ongayisebenzisa yini.

I-Outlook ngemuva kokuxilongwa kwe-RCC

Umbono ngemuva kokutholakala ukuthi une-RCC uncike kakhulu ekutheni umdlavuza ususakazekile nokuthi ukwelashwa kuqala kanjani ngokushesha. Ngokushesha lapho ibanjwa, maningi amathuba okuthi ululame ngokugcwele.

Uma umdlavuza ususabalele kwezinye izitho, izinga lokusinda liphansi kakhulu kunokuthi libanjwe ngaphambi kokusabalala.

Ngokusho kweNational Cancer Institute, izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu le-RCC lingaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-70. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngaphezu kwengxenye yesibili kwabathathu yalabo abatholakala ukuthi bane-RCC baphila okungenani iminyaka emihlanu ngemuva kokutholakala kwabo.

Uma umdlavuza welashwa noma welashwa, kusengadingeka uphile nemiphumela yesikhathi eside yalesi sifo, engafaka ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinso.

Uma ukufakelwa izinso kwenziwa, i-dialysis engapheli ingadingeka kanye nokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa zesikhathi eside.