Ukutheleleka Kwe-Urinary Tract ezinganeni

-Delile

• Izimbangela ze-UTI ezinganeni
• Izici ezinobungozi ze-UTI ezinganeni
• Izimpawu ze-UTI ezinganeni
• Izinkinga ze-UTI ezinganeni
• Ukuxilongwa kwe-UTI ezinganeni
• Ukuhlolwa okungeziwe
• Ukwelashwa kwe-UTI ezinganeni
• Ukunakekelwa Kwasekhaya
  
• Umbono wesikhathi eside wezingane ezine-UTI
• Ungayivimba kanjani i-UTI ezinganeni
• Ukuvimbela i-UTI
  

Sibutsetelo sokutheleleka nge-urinary tract (UTI) ezinganeni

Ukutheleleka kwe-urinary tract (UTI) ezinganeni kuyisimo esijwayelekile. Amagciwane angena kwi-urethra ngokuvamile akhishwa ngokuchama. Kodwa-ke, lapho amabhaktheriya engakhishwa ngaphandle kwe-urethra, angakhula ngaphakathi komgudu womchamo. Lokhu kudala ukutheleleka.

Ipheshana le-urinary liqukethe izingxenye zomzimba ezibandakanyeka ekukhiqizeni umchamo. Kunjalo:

• izinso ezimbili ezihlunga igazi lakho namanzi angeziwe ukukhiqiza umchamo
• ama-ureters amabili, noma amashubhu, ahambisa umchamo esinyeni sakho kusukela ezinso zakho
• isinye esigcina umchamo wakho uze ususwe emzimbeni wakho
• umchamo, noma ithubhu, ekhipha umchamo esinyeni sakho uye ngaphandle komzimba wakho

Ingane yakho ingahlakulela i-UTI lapho amabhaktheriya engena emkhakheni we-urinary futhi ahambise i-urethra nomzimba. Izinhlobo ezimbili zama-UTIs okungenzeka ukuthi zithinte izingane ukutheleleka kwesinye kanye nokutheleleka kwezinso.

Lapho i-UTI ithinta isinye, ibizwa nge-cystitis. Lapho ukutheleleka kusuka esinyeni kuya ezinso, kubizwa ngokuthi yi-pyelonephritis. Kokubili kungaphathwa ngempumelelo ngama-antibiotic, kepha ukutheleleka kwezinso kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu zempilo uma kungalashwa.

Izimbangela ze-UTI ezinganeni

Ama-UTI avame ukubangelwa ngama-bacteria, angangena emgodini wokuchama esikhumbeni esiseduze ne-anus noma isitho sowesifazane. Isizathu esivame kakhulu sama-UTIs ngu-E. Coli, ovela emathunjini. Iningi lama-UTIs libangelwa lapho lolu hlobo lwama-bacteria noma amanye amabhaktheriya esakazeka esuka endunu kuya e-urethra.

Izici ezinobungozi ze-UTI ezinganeni

Ama-UTI avela kaningi emantombazaneni, ikakhulukazi lapho ukuqeqeshwa kwendlu yangasese kuqala. Amantombazane athinteka kalula ngoba ama-urethras awo amafushane futhi asondele endunu. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuthi amabhaktheriya angene kwi-urethra. Abafana abangasokile abangaphansi konyaka owodwa ubudala nabo basengozini ethe xaxa yama-UTIs.

I-urethra ngokuvamile ayihlali ibhaktheriya. Kodwa izimo ezithile zingenza kube lula ngamagciwane ukungena noma ukuhlala egunjini lomchamo wengane yakho. Izici ezilandelayo zingabeka ingane yakho engcupheni ephezulu ye-UTI:

• ukukhubazeka kwesakhiwo noma ukuvinjelwa kwesinye sezitho zomgudu womchamo
• umsebenzi ongajwayelekile womgudu womchamo
• i-reflux ye-vesicoureteral, ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa okuholela ekuhambeni okungajwayelekile emuva komchamo
• ukusetshenziswa kwamabhulebhu ezindaweni zokugeza (zamantombazane)
• izingubo ezikubambayo (zamantombazane)
• ukusula kusuka emuva kuya phambili ngemuva kokunyakaza kwamathumbu
• imikhuba emibi yangasese kanye nenhlanzeko
• ukuchama njalo noma ukubambezela ukuchama isikhathi eside

Izimpawu ze-UTI ezinganeni

Izimpawu ze-UTI zingahluka ngokuya ngezinga lokutheleleka kanye neminyaka yengane yakho. Izinsana nezingane ezisencane kakhulu kungenzeka zingazitholi izimpawu. Uma kwenzeka ezinganeni ezincane, izimpawu zingaba zivame kakhulu. Zingafaka:

• imfiva
• ukungathandi ukudla
• ukuhlanza
• isifo sohudo
• ukucasuka
• umuzwa jikelele wokugula

Izimpawu ezingeziwe ziyehluka ngokuya ngengxenye yomgudu womchamo othelelekile. Uma ingane yakho inegciwane lesinye, izimpawu zingafaka:

• igazi emchameni
• umchamo onamafu
• umchamo onuka kabi
• ubuhlungu, ukuhlabana, noma ukushiswa ukuchama
• ingcindezi noma ubuhlungu ekhalweni olungezansi noma emuva, ngaphansi kwenkaba
• ukuchama kaningi
• evuka ebuthongweni ayochama
• ukuzwa isidingo sokuchama ngokukhipha okuncane komchamo
• izingozi zomchamo ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala yokuqeqeshwa kwendlu yangasese

Uma ukutheleleka sekuhambele ezinso, isimo sibi kakhulu. Ingane yakho ingathola izimpawu ezinamandla kakhulu, njenge:

• ukucasuka
• Ukugodola ngokuqhaqhazela
• umkhuhlane omkhulu
• isikhumba esikhanyayo noma esifudumele
• isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• izinhlungu eziseceleni noma emuva
• ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu
• ukukhathala okukhulu

Izimpawu zokuqala ze-UTI ezinganeni zinganakwa kalula. Izingane ezincane zingaba nesikhathi esinzima sokuchaza umsuka wokucindezeleka kwazo. Uma ingane yakho ibukeka igula futhi inemfiva ephezulu ngaphandle kwekhala eligobayo, indlebe, noma ezinye izizathu ezisobala zokugula, thintana nodokotela wayo ukuthola ukuthi ingane yakho ine-UTI yini.

Izinkinga ze-UTI ezinganeni

Ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa kwe-UTI ngokushesha enganeni yakho kungavimbela izinkinga ezinkulu zezempilo zesikhathi eside. Ukungalashwa, i-UTI ingaholela ekuthelelekeni kwezinso okungaholela ezimeni ezibucayi, njenge:

• ithumba lezinso
• ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwezinso noma ukwehluleka kwezinso
• i-hydronephrosis, noma ukuvuvukala kwezinso
• sepsis, okungaholela ekwehlulekeni kwesitho nasekufeni

Ukuxilongwa kwe-UTI ezinganeni

Thintana nodokotela wabo ngokushesha uma ingane yakho inezimpawu ezihlobene ne-UTI. Isampula yomchamo iyadingeka kudokotela wabo ukuze enze ukuxilongwa okunembile. Isampula ingasetshenziselwa:

• Ukuhlolwa komchamo. Umchamo uhlolwa ngomucu okhethekile wokuhlola ukubheka izimpawu zokutheleleka njengegazi namaseli amhlophe egazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-microscope ingasetshenziselwa ukuhlola isampula lamagciwane noma ubomvu.
• Isiko lomchamo. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwelabhorethri ngokuvamile kuthatha amahora angama-24 kuye kwangama-48. Isampula lihlaziywa ukukhomba uhlobo lwama-bacterium abangela i-UTI, ukuthi angakanani akhona, kanye nokwelashwa okufanele kwama-antibiotic.

Ukuqoqa isampula yomchamo ohlanzekile kungaba yinselele ezinganeni ezingaqeqeshwanga ethoyilethi. Isampula elisebenzisekayo alikwazi ukutholwa kusuka enabukeni elimanzi. Udokotela wengane yakho angasebenzisa enye yezindlela ezilandelayo ukuthola isampula lomchamo wengane yakho:

• Isikhwama sokuqoqa umchamo. Isikhwama sepulasitiki siqoshwa phezu kwezitho zobulili zengane yakho ukuqoqa umchamo.
• Ukuqoqwa komchamo we-catheterized. Ipayipi lifakwa engcebeni yepipi lomfana noma emthanjeni wentombazane nasesinyeni ukuqoqa umchamo. Le yindlela enembile kunazo zonke.

Ukuhlolwa okungeziwe

Udokotela wakho angancoma izivivinyo ezengeziwe zokuxilonga ukuze anqume ukuthi ngabe umthombo we-UTI ubangelwa umgudu ongavamile womchamo. Uma ingane yakho inokutheleleka kwezinso, izivivinyo nazo zingadingeka ukubheka ukulimala kwezinso. Ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging okulandelayo kungasetshenziswa:

• i-ultrasound yezinso nesinye
• ukuvala i-cystourethrogram (VCUG)
• ukuskena kwezinso zenuzi (DMSA)
• I-CT scan noma i-MRI yezinso nesinye

I-VCUG iyi-X-ray ethathwa ngenkathi isinye ingane yakho igcwele. Udokotela uzofaka idayi ehlukile esinyeni bese ingane yakho ichama - imvamisa ngokusebenzisa ipayipi - ukubona ukuthi umchamo ugeleza kanjani emzimbeni. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungasiza ukuthola noma ikuphi ukungahleleki okuhlelekile okungadala i-UTI, nokuthi ngabe kwenzeka i-vesicoureteral reflux.

I-DMSA isivivinyo senuzi lapho kuthathwa khona izithombe zezinso ngemuva kokujova ngomjovo (IV) wento enemisebe ebizwa nge-isotope.

Ukuhlolwa kungenziwa ngenkathi ingane yakho inegciwane. Imvamisa, kwenziwa amasonto noma izinyanga ngemuva kokwelashwa ukucacisa ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini ukulimala okutheleleka.

Ukwelashwa kwe-UTI ezinganeni

I-UTI yengane yakho izodinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo kwama-antibiotic ukuvimbela ukulimala kwezinso. Uhlobo lwebhaktheriya oludala i-UTI yengane yakho nobukhulu bokutheleleka kwengane yakho kuzonquma uhlobo lwe-antibiotic esetshenzisiwe nobude bokwelashwa.

Imithi elwa namagciwane ejwayelekile esetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwama-UTIs ezinganeni yile:

• amokfillin
• i-amoxicillin ne-clavulanic acid
• cephalosporins
• doxycycline, kepha kuphela ezinganeni ezingaphezulu kweminyaka engu-8
• i-nitrofurantoin
• i-sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim

Uma ingane yakho ine-UTI etholakala njengokutheleleka okulula kwesinye, kungenzeka ukuthi ukwelashwa kuzoba nemithi elwa namagciwane ngomlomo ekhaya. Kodwa-ke, ukutheleleka okunzima kakhulu kungadinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela kanye noketshezi lwe-IV noma ama-antibiotics.

Ukulaliswa esibhedlela kungadingeka ezimweni lapho ingane yakho:

• ingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala
• unemfiva ephezulu engathuthuki
• kungenzeka ukuthi unesifo sezinso, ikakhulukazi uma ingane igula kakhulu noma isencane
• unesifo segazi esivela kubhaktheriya, njenge-sepsis
• uphelelwe amanzi emzimbeni, uhlanza, noma akakwazi ukuthatha imishanguzo yomlomo nganoma yisiphi esinye isizathu

Imithi yezinhlungu yokunciphisa ukungakhululeki okukhulu ngesikhathi sokuchama nayo ingabekwa.

Uma ingane yakho ithola ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotic ekhaya, ungasiza ukuqinisekisa umphumela omuhle ngokuthatha izinyathelo ezithile.

Ukunakekelwa Kwasekhaya

1. Nikeza ingane yakho imithi enqunyiwe uma nje udokotela wakho ekululeka, noma ngabe iqala ukuzizwa iphilile.
2. Thatha ukushisa kwengane yakho uma kubonakala sengathi kunemfiva.
3. Gada imvamisa yokuchama kwengane yakho.
4. Buza ingane yakho ngobukhona bezinhlungu noma bokushisa ngesikhathi sokuchama.
5. Qinisekisa ukuthi ingane yakho iphuza iziphuzo eziningi.

Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwengane yakho, xhumana nodokotela wakhe uma izimpawu ziba zimbi noma ziqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezintathu. Shayela nodokotela wabo uma ingane yakho ine:

• umkhuhlane ophakeme kuno-101˚F (38.3˚C)
• ezinganeni, umkhuhlane omusha noma ophikelelayo (ohlala ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezintathu) umkhuhlane ongaphezulu kuka-100.4˚F (38˚C)

Kufanele futhi ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha uma ingane yakho iba nezimpawu ezintsha, kufaka phakathi:

• ubuhlungu
• ukuhlanza
• ukuqubuka
• ukuvuvukala
• izinguquko kokukhishwa komchamo

Umbono wesikhathi eside wezingane ezine-UTI

Ngokuxilongwa nokwelashwa okusheshayo, ungalindela ukuthi ingane yakho ilulame ngokuphelele ku-UTI. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izingane zingadinga ukwelashwa isikhathi esisukela ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuya eminyakeni emibili.

Ukwelashwa kwama-antibiotic isikhathi eside kungenzeka kakhulu uma ingane yakho ithola ukuxilongwa kwe-vesicoureteral reflex, noma i-VUR. Lokhu kukhubazeka kokuzalwa kubangela ukugeleza okungajwayelekile okuya emuva komchamo kusuka esinyeni kuya phezulu kuma-ureters, ukuhambisa umchamo ubheke ezinso esikhundleni sokukhipha i-urethra. Lesi sifo kufanele sisolwe ezinganeni ezincane ezine-UTIs eziphindaphindayo noma noma yiluphi usana olune-UTI engaphezu kweyodwa enomkhuhlane.

Izingane ezine-VUR zisengozini enkulu yokutheleleka ngezinso ngenxa ye-VUR. Kwakha ingozi eyengeziwe yokulimala kwezinso futhi, ekugcineni, ukwehluleka kwezinso. Ukuhlinzwa kuyindlela esetshenziswa ezimweni ezinzima. Imvamisa, izingane ezine-VUR emnene noma elinganiselayo zidlula lesi simo. Kodwa-ke, ukulimala kwezinso noma ukwehluleka kwezinso kungenzeka lapho usumdala.

Ungayivimba kanjani i-UTI ezinganeni

Ungasiza ekunciphiseni ukuthi kungenzeka ingane yakho ithuthukise i-UTI ngamasu athile afakazelwe.

Ukuvimbela i-UTI

1. Unganiki izingane zesifazane ama-bubble bath. Bangavumela amabhaktheriya nensipho ukuthi ingene kwi-urethra.
2. Gwema izingubo ezingakubambayo nezingubo zangaphansi zengane yakho, ikakhulukazi amantombazane.
3. Qinisekisa ukuthi ingane yakho iphuza iziphuzo ezanele.
4. Gwema ukuvumela ingane yakho ukuthi ibe ne-caffeine, engadala ukucasuka kwesisu.
5. Shintsha amanabukeni njalo ezinganeni ezincane.
6. Fundisa izingane ezindala inhlanzeko efanele ukuze kugcinwe isitho sangasese sihlanzekile.
7. Khuthaza ingane yakho ukuthi isebenzise indlu yangasese njalo kunokuba ibambe umchamo.
8. Fundisa ingane yakho izindlela zokusula eziphephile, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokuhamba kwamathumbu. Ukusula kusuka phambili kuya emuva kunciphisa amathuba okuthi amabhaktheriya avela endunu azodluliselwa ku-urethra.

Uma ingane yakho ithola ama-UTIs aphindaphindiwe, kwesinye isikhathi kwelulekwa ama-antibiotic okuvimbela. Kodwa-ke, azitholakali zinciphisa ukuphindaphinda noma ezinye izinkinga. Qiniseka ukuthi ulandela imiyalo noma ngabe ingane yakho ayinazo izimpawu ze-UTI.