Yini i-hypertensive retinopathy futhi yiziphi izimpawu

-Delile

• Ukwahlukanisa
• Izinhlobo ze-hypertensive retinopathy nezimpawu ezihambisanayo
• 1. I-retinopathy engapheli yegazi
• 2. I-retinopathy enobungozi egazini
• Yini ukuxilongwa
• Yelashwa kanjani

I-hypertensive retinopathy ibonakala ngeqembu lezinguquko ku-fundus, njengemithambo ye-retinal, imithambo nemizwa, ebangelwa umfutho wegazi ophezulu. I-retina yisakhiwo esingemuva kwenhlamvu yeso futhi sinomsebenzi wokuguqula amandla okukhanya abe yisikhuthazi sezinzwa, esivumela ukubona.

Yize lezi zinguquko zenzeka kakhulu kwi-retina, izinguquko ezisezingeni eliphansi kuya komfutho wegazi ophezulu nazo zingabonakala ku-choroid kanye ne-optic nerve.

Ukwahlukanisa

Ngokuphathelene ne-hypertensive retinopathy, ehlotshaniswa nomfutho wegazi ophezulu kuphela, ihlukaniswa ngamadigri:

• Ibanga 0: akukho zinguquko zomzimba;
• Ibanga 1: ukuncipha kwe-arteriolar ngokulinganayo kwenzeka;
• Ibanga lesi-2: ukumakwa kwe-arteriolar kunciphisa ukungahambi kahle okugxile;
• Ibanga 3: ngokufana nasebangeni lesi-2, kepha ngama-retinal hemorrhages kanye / noma nge-exudates;
• Ibanga 4: kufana nebanga lesi-3, kepha ngokuvuvukala kwediski.

Izinhlobo ze-hypertensive retinopathy nezimpawu ezihambisanayo

I-hypertensive retinopathy ingaba yisifo esingelapheki, uma ihlotshaniswa nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, noma isifo esibi, uma sihambisana nomfutho wegazi ophezulu obulalayo:

1. I-retinopathy engapheli yegazi

Imvamisa i-asymptomatic futhi ivela kubantu abane-hypertension engapheli, lapho kubonakala khona ukuncipha kwe-arteriolar, inguquko ku-arteriolar reflex, uphawu lokuwela olunamandla, lapho umthambo udlula khona ngaphambili uye emthanjeni. Yize kuyivelakancane, izimpawu nezimpawu ezinjengokuqaqanjelwa ukopha kwe-retinal, ama-microaneurysms nezimpawu zokuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi kwesinye isikhathi kungavela.

2. I-retinopathy enobungozi egazini

I-retinopathy ene-hypertensive ihlotshaniswa nokukhuphuka okungazelelwe komfutho wegazi, ngamanani we-systolic wegazi amakhulu kune-200 mmHg kanye ne-diastolic blood pressure amanani amakhulu kune-140 mmHg, edala izinkinga hhayi kuphela ezingeni leso, kepha nasenhliziyweni , amazinga we-renal ne-cerebral.

Ngokungafani ne-hypertensive retinopathy engapheli, evame ukuba ne-asymptomatic, i-retinopathy ene-hypertensive evame ukuhlotshaniswa nekhanda, ukungaboni kahle, ukubona kabili nokubonakala kwendawo emnyama esweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ushintsho kumbala weso, i-macular edema kanye neuroepithelial detachment evela esifundeni se-macular kanye ne-ischemic papillary edema kungenzeka kulolu hlobo lwe-retinopathy, elinamachaphazelo egazi namabala.

Yini ukuxilongwa

Ukuxilongwa kwe-retinopathy ene-hypertensive kwenziwa yi-fundscopy, okuwukuhlolwa lapho udokotela wezifo zamehlo ekwazi ukubona yonke imali yeso nezakhiwo zeretina, ngosizo lwedivayisi ebizwa nge-ophthalmoscope, futhi ihlose ukuthola izinguquko kulesi sifunda okungalimaza umbono. Bona okuningi ngalokhu kuhlolwa.

I-Fluorescein angiography nayo ingasetshenziswa, evame ukudingeka kuphela ezimweni ezi-atypical noma ukukhipha ukuxilongwa kwezinye izifo.

Yelashwa kanjani

I-retinopathy engapheli ayidingi ukwelashwa kweso. Isidingo sokwelashwa kwamehlo sivela lapho kuvela izinkinga ku-retina.

Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-retinopathy ene-hypertensive enobungozi iyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Kulezi zimo, ukulawulwa kwengcindezi yegazi kufanele kwenziwe ngendlela ephumelelayo futhi elawulwayo, ukuvikela ukulimala okungenakulungiseka. Ngemuva kokunqotshwa kwenkinga yomfutho wegazi ophezulu, umbono uvame ukubuyiswa, ngokuphelele noma ngokwengxenye.